分户计量采暖系统在住宅建筑的应用研究
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摘要
作为住宅建筑节能的主要手段之一,分户计量采暖系统的实施对加快“分户计量、调节、控制”供暖方式的推广进程,提高室内居住的热舒适环境,以及促进住宅产业现代化的迅速发展有重要意义,然而该项技术在国内出现的时间还不长,各方面的资料和技术还比较缺乏,因此本文对推行分户计量技术后所带来的几个问题作了分析,并对几个关键问题进行了研究。
考虑到分户计量采暖系统应用的主要出发点是,经济性、可靠性、可调节性、水力平衡性、施工工艺性及美观等,本文分析讨论了几种系统形式,这几种形式各有千秋,在选用时应本着以上原则,视具体情况而定。
考虑到分户计量采暖系统自身的特点,分户控制、间歇性等,本文着重从室内外参数选取、朝向修正问题、机械通风设置和换气次数确定,以及户间传热等问题出发,围绕分户计量采暖系统热负荷的计算进行分析。研究表明,分户计量采暖系统在热负荷的计算方面与传统采暖系统有所区别。
考虑到分户计量采暖系统应用的出发点之一是系统可调节性,因此本文针对适合末端用户的调节方式--流量调节进行分析,重点讨论了在不同供水温度tg和散热面积F下,流量G随散热量Q的动态变化规律,并分析了三种常见的系统形式的热力工况,为系统选型提供了又一参考。研究表明,与水平单管串联式和水平单管跨越式相比,流量调节方式更适用于水平双管并联式系统。
考虑到分户计量采暖技术在国内出现的时间还不长,各方面的资料和技术尤其是实际应用的参考资料比较缺乏,以应用水平双管式系统的天津市华明新家园居住区为例,分析了分户计量采暖系统在设计和施工过程中应注意的事项,系统形式选择、热量表和温控阀以及自力式压差控制阀的选用、管材选用和管道敷设等,并归纳了实施效果和实际存在的技术和施工问题以及解决办法。
As one of the most means of energy-saving for buildings,it is imperative that putting household heating metering technique into practice, which would greatly improve the thermal comfort of house building and accelerate the promotion process of "household metering, regulating and controlling", and thus promote the modernization process of residual industry. However, due to its short application time in our country, some issues are still to be discussed in application. So, in this paper, some problems brought by household heating metering system are studied and analyzed.
In view of the application basis of household heating metering system, its economic, reliability, adjustability, hydraulic balance, construction technology and aesthetics, several system forms are analyzed in this paper, and respective advantages and disadvantages are summarized, which provide reference for users in system form selection.
In view of its own characteristics of household heating metering system, household control, adjustability and intermittent and so on, how to calculate its heat load accurately has become a concern in application, so in this paper, from the point of indoor and outdoor parameters selection, orientation correction problem, mechanical ventilation installation and ventilation rate determination, as well as heat transfer problems between heating units, detailed calculation process is elaborated. And as research result shows, the design parameters and related setting in household heating metering system are different from conventional heating systems.
In view of one of the application basis of household heating metering system, its adjustability, flow regulating method suitable for end user is analyzed, mainly discussing the dynamic variation law of flow of heating medium G with the change of heat load Q with the condition of different water-supplying temperature tg and heating area F. And on this basis, the thermal conditions of the three common system forms are analyzed in the paper, in which the result shows that compared to the level of single-pipe tandem system and the level of single-pipe leap system, the flow regulating method is more suitable to the level double-pipe parallel connection system.
In view of short develop time of household metering system in our country, its technology is not fully-fledged and its design idea is not formed. So taking Xin Jia Yuan in Huaming residential area as an example, relative items involving design and construction is analyzed, form choice, equipments selection, PP-R choice and laying and so on, which provides engineering basis for future design. Besides, the implement effect and existing problemsd in practical application is summed up, which indicates future research direction.
考虑到分户计量采暖系统应用的主要出发点是,经济性、可靠性、可调节性、水力平衡性、施工工艺性及美观等,本文分析讨论了几种系统形式,这几种形式各有千秋,在选用时应本着以上原则,视具体情况而定。
考虑到分户计量采暖系统自身的特点,分户控制、间歇性等,本文着重从室内外参数选取、朝向修正问题、机械通风设置和换气次数确定,以及户间传热等问题出发,围绕分户计量采暖系统热负荷的计算进行分析。研究表明,分户计量采暖系统在热负荷的计算方面与传统采暖系统有所区别。
考虑到分户计量采暖系统应用的出发点之一是系统可调节性,因此本文针对适合末端用户的调节方式--流量调节进行分析,重点讨论了在不同供水温度tg和散热面积F下,流量G随散热量Q的动态变化规律,并分析了三种常见的系统形式的热力工况,为系统选型提供了又一参考。研究表明,与水平单管串联式和水平单管跨越式相比,流量调节方式更适用于水平双管并联式系统。
考虑到分户计量采暖技术在国内出现的时间还不长,各方面的资料和技术尤其是实际应用的参考资料比较缺乏,以应用水平双管式系统的天津市华明新家园居住区为例,分析了分户计量采暖系统在设计和施工过程中应注意的事项,系统形式选择、热量表和温控阀以及自力式压差控制阀的选用、管材选用和管道敷设等,并归纳了实施效果和实际存在的技术和施工问题以及解决办法。
As one of the most means of energy-saving for buildings,it is imperative that putting household heating metering technique into practice, which would greatly improve the thermal comfort of house building and accelerate the promotion process of "household metering, regulating and controlling", and thus promote the modernization process of residual industry. However, due to its short application time in our country, some issues are still to be discussed in application. So, in this paper, some problems brought by household heating metering system are studied and analyzed.
In view of the application basis of household heating metering system, its economic, reliability, adjustability, hydraulic balance, construction technology and aesthetics, several system forms are analyzed in this paper, and respective advantages and disadvantages are summarized, which provide reference for users in system form selection.
In view of its own characteristics of household heating metering system, household control, adjustability and intermittent and so on, how to calculate its heat load accurately has become a concern in application, so in this paper, from the point of indoor and outdoor parameters selection, orientation correction problem, mechanical ventilation installation and ventilation rate determination, as well as heat transfer problems between heating units, detailed calculation process is elaborated. And as research result shows, the design parameters and related setting in household heating metering system are different from conventional heating systems.
In view of one of the application basis of household heating metering system, its adjustability, flow regulating method suitable for end user is analyzed, mainly discussing the dynamic variation law of flow of heating medium G with the change of heat load Q with the condition of different water-supplying temperature tg and heating area F. And on this basis, the thermal conditions of the three common system forms are analyzed in the paper, in which the result shows that compared to the level of single-pipe tandem system and the level of single-pipe leap system, the flow regulating method is more suitable to the level double-pipe parallel connection system.
In view of short develop time of household metering system in our country, its technology is not fully-fledged and its design idea is not formed. So taking Xin Jia Yuan in Huaming residential area as an example, relative items involving design and construction is analyzed, form choice, equipments selection, PP-R choice and laying and so on, which provides engineering basis for future design. Besides, the implement effect and existing problemsd in practical application is summed up, which indicates future research direction.
引文
[1]中国建筑科学研究院,JGJ26-95《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[2]中华人民共和国建设部,GB50019《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》.北京:中国计划出版社,2004
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准,GB50096-1999《住宅设计规范》.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[4]张锡虎,毛哲,住宅供暖方式的发展动态和前景.暖通给排水,2000(2)
[5]白静,分户计量热水供暖系统的探讨,山西建筑,2004,30(22)
[6]吴华新,集中供热分户采暖系统允许最大不平衡率与设计参数研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[7]冯小平,装有恒温阀的室内垂直双管供暖系统,住宅科技,2000,7
[8]邹瑜,适合热计量的室外供热系统控制方式与分析.暖通空调.2000,1
[9]王文魁,分户计量供暖系统形式的探讨,林业科技情报,2O05,37(3)
[10]刘雄,刘丹,关于分户计量供暖系统设计中的几个问题,建筑科学,2004,20(z-1)
[11]吴荣华,分户计量供暖系统型式及运行工况研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨工业大学,2002
[12]王峰,对分户计量供热系统热负荷及室温变化规律的研究:[硕士学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2003
[13]贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[14]Fanger P .O,Thermal comfort,Danish Technical Press, 1970
[15]钱以明,高层建筑空调与节能,上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[16]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华,空气调节(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[17]ISO International Standard 7730, Moderate thermal environment–determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort, Geneva: International standard Organization, 1984
[18]陆亚俊,暖通空调,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[19]赵兴敏,分户计量采暖系统设计与舒适性研究:[硕士学位论文].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006
[20]王素卿,全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施一暖通空调、动力(2003版).北京:中国建筑标准设计研究院,2003
[21]罗军,许波,分户供暖设计中供暖负荷计算的探讨.全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集,2002,(1)
[22]冯爱荣,徐伟,董重成等,集中供暖分户热计量设计热负荷附加率和相关因素的分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会论文集,2004,(1)
[23]田夏,王随林,赵秀敏等,外保温住宅户间传热逐时负荷分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会论文集,2004,(1)
[24]蔡敬琅,徐征,李超英,对集中供暖系统户间传热量问题的分析.暖通空调,2001,(5)
[25]张锡虎,万水娥,北京市标准《新建集中供暖住宅分户热计量设计技术规程》.住宅供暖与热计量技术政策座谈暨新型采暖热计量技术产品应用交流会论文集,2001.
[26]汤小京,北京地区住宅采暖分户热计量设计经验与体会.工程建设与设计,2004,(1)
[27]徐征,户间传热量的计算方法.暖通空调,2002,(1)
[28]戈特·摩勒,雷纳特·奥贝尔.供暖控制技[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[29]涂光备等,供热计量技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[30]汤延庆,冯铁梅,浅析供热分户计量和收费问题.林业科技情报.2001,33(2)
[31]郎四维,徐伟,冯铁栓,暖通空调[J],1996,26(5):4-9
[32]刘雄,唐涤,王挺,建筑热能通风空调[J],2003,22(2):50-51
[33]李东风,供热系统实施分户计量使用塑料管材的技术问题和经济分析,林业科技情报,2001,33(3)
[34]蒋琳,赵建辉,崔天等,供热小区分户计量问题的探讨.制冷与空调,2005(z)
[35]刘舰,于戈,高艳娇等,集中供热分户计量的几个问题.辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(6)
[2]中华人民共和国建设部,GB50019《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》.北京:中国计划出版社,2004
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准,GB50096-1999《住宅设计规范》.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[4]张锡虎,毛哲,住宅供暖方式的发展动态和前景.暖通给排水,2000(2)
[5]白静,分户计量热水供暖系统的探讨,山西建筑,2004,30(22)
[6]吴华新,集中供热分户采暖系统允许最大不平衡率与设计参数研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[7]冯小平,装有恒温阀的室内垂直双管供暖系统,住宅科技,2000,7
[8]邹瑜,适合热计量的室外供热系统控制方式与分析.暖通空调.2000,1
[9]王文魁,分户计量供暖系统形式的探讨,林业科技情报,2O05,37(3)
[10]刘雄,刘丹,关于分户计量供暖系统设计中的几个问题,建筑科学,2004,20(z-1)
[11]吴荣华,分户计量供暖系统型式及运行工况研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨工业大学,2002
[12]王峰,对分户计量供热系统热负荷及室温变化规律的研究:[硕士学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2003
[13]贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[14]Fanger P .O,Thermal comfort,Danish Technical Press, 1970
[15]钱以明,高层建筑空调与节能,上海:同济大学出版社,1990
[16]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华,空气调节(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[17]ISO International Standard 7730, Moderate thermal environment–determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort, Geneva: International standard Organization, 1984
[18]陆亚俊,暖通空调,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[19]赵兴敏,分户计量采暖系统设计与舒适性研究:[硕士学位论文].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006
[20]王素卿,全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施一暖通空调、动力(2003版).北京:中国建筑标准设计研究院,2003
[21]罗军,许波,分户供暖设计中供暖负荷计算的探讨.全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会论文集,2002,(1)
[22]冯爱荣,徐伟,董重成等,集中供暖分户热计量设计热负荷附加率和相关因素的分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会论文集,2004,(1)
[23]田夏,王随林,赵秀敏等,外保温住宅户间传热逐时负荷分析.全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会论文集,2004,(1)
[24]蔡敬琅,徐征,李超英,对集中供暖系统户间传热量问题的分析.暖通空调,2001,(5)
[25]张锡虎,万水娥,北京市标准《新建集中供暖住宅分户热计量设计技术规程》.住宅供暖与热计量技术政策座谈暨新型采暖热计量技术产品应用交流会论文集,2001.
[26]汤小京,北京地区住宅采暖分户热计量设计经验与体会.工程建设与设计,2004,(1)
[27]徐征,户间传热量的计算方法.暖通空调,2002,(1)
[28]戈特·摩勒,雷纳特·奥贝尔.供暖控制技[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[29]涂光备等,供热计量技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[30]汤延庆,冯铁梅,浅析供热分户计量和收费问题.林业科技情报.2001,33(2)
[31]郎四维,徐伟,冯铁栓,暖通空调[J],1996,26(5):4-9
[32]刘雄,唐涤,王挺,建筑热能通风空调[J],2003,22(2):50-51
[33]李东风,供热系统实施分户计量使用塑料管材的技术问题和经济分析,林业科技情报,2001,33(3)
[34]蒋琳,赵建辉,崔天等,供热小区分户计量问题的探讨.制冷与空调,2005(z)
[35]刘舰,于戈,高艳娇等,集中供热分户计量的几个问题.辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(6)