龙洞电厂监控系统方案设计及其LCU研制
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摘要
随着微处理机技术和局域网络技术的发展，计算机已深入工业生产过程的各个领域；同时由于越来越多、越来越大的水电工程开发，迫切需要更为先进和可靠的控制系统去操作日趋复杂的控制设备，前者为后者提供了丰富的软硬件基础，后者为前者的充分结合提供了具体的对象。由此便产生了当代的水电厂计算机监控系统。
本文首先从我国水电厂自动化发展概况入手，分析了我国水电厂自动化技术发展的过程，以及水电站自动化面临的机遇与挑战。
接着讨论了当今水电站计算机监控系统的模式：以计算机在控制中的作用划分，可分为计算机辅助监控系统(CASC)，以计算机为基础的监控系统(CBSC)，计算机和常规设备并存的监控系统(CCSC)；以控制的方式划分，有集中式监控系统，功能分散式监控系统，分层分布式监控系统，全分布全开放式监控系统。同时从水电实际生产过程的特点来讨论合适的控制方式。
文中还介绍了龙洞电厂的实际情况和据此所作的规划设计，介绍了本系统中最具特色最为核心的硬件基础——可编程序控制器。可编程序控制器以其高可靠性和灵活性深受用户欢迎。
机组LCU是监控系统中的基础和核心部分。文中讨论了龙洞电厂机组LCU的功能和结构，主要配置以及说明，软件设计思想，主要控制回路设计，测频技术及转速继电器，数据采集与处理技术，抗干扰技术等。
最后就人机联系以及水电厂计算机监控系统的人机联系的基本要求作了介绍，在人机界面的设计中离不开系统软件的应用，文中就计算机监控软件，即通用的工业过程控制软件组态王6.0的功能以及在龙洞电厂计算机监控系统中的应用作了介绍。
本文力求将理论运用于实践中。
With the development of microprocessor and intranet technology,computers play a more and more important role in many aspects of industry process. At the same time ,the development of more large hydro projects makes it urgent to be equipped with more advanced and reliable control system to drive more complicated automatic facilities. Thus the modern Supervisory Control System of hydro plant generates.
This paper firstly deals with the general automation development of hydro plants. In our country, then analyses the technology of automation as well as the chance & challenge of the automation of hydro plant.
Secondly, It analyses various formats of SCS.There are three kinds of SCS from the view of how computer functions: CASC(Computer Assisted Supervisory Control ),CBSC(Computer Based Supervisorr Control )and CCSC(Computer Conventional Supervisory Control);there are four kinds from control method xoncentrative control system,function-scattered control system, equipment-distributed control system and completely open and distributed control system.. At the same time, the article discusses the suitable control methods combining the control method with practical process.
Thirdly the article introduces situation of LongDong hydro plant and its program
design, then introduces the most featured hardware--Programmable Logic
Controller(PLC),which satisfied the users with its high reliability and flexibility.
Turbine LCU is the base of core of SCS. The paper discusses the function and structure of the turbine LCU in Long Dong hydro plant, main equipments and instructions, idea of software design, frequency measuring technique, mutitranferring technique, data collecting & processing technique, anti-intererring technique and so on.
Lastiy the article introduces the basic demands of the connections between machine and man. Usually ,we apply software in the design of platform between machine and operator, the article introduces the functions of the computer control software, taking the
general industry process control software--KingView6.0 for example, then introduces
the application of Computer Supervisory Control System in LongDong hydro plant.
This paper presents entirely to combine the theory with application.
本文首先从我国水电厂自动化发展概况入手，分析了我国水电厂自动化技术发展的过程，以及水电站自动化面临的机遇与挑战。
接着讨论了当今水电站计算机监控系统的模式：以计算机在控制中的作用划分，可分为计算机辅助监控系统(CASC)，以计算机为基础的监控系统(CBSC)，计算机和常规设备并存的监控系统(CCSC)；以控制的方式划分，有集中式监控系统，功能分散式监控系统，分层分布式监控系统，全分布全开放式监控系统。同时从水电实际生产过程的特点来讨论合适的控制方式。
文中还介绍了龙洞电厂的实际情况和据此所作的规划设计，介绍了本系统中最具特色最为核心的硬件基础——可编程序控制器。可编程序控制器以其高可靠性和灵活性深受用户欢迎。
机组LCU是监控系统中的基础和核心部分。文中讨论了龙洞电厂机组LCU的功能和结构，主要配置以及说明，软件设计思想，主要控制回路设计，测频技术及转速继电器，数据采集与处理技术，抗干扰技术等。
最后就人机联系以及水电厂计算机监控系统的人机联系的基本要求作了介绍，在人机界面的设计中离不开系统软件的应用，文中就计算机监控软件，即通用的工业过程控制软件组态王6.0的功能以及在龙洞电厂计算机监控系统中的应用作了介绍。
本文力求将理论运用于实践中。
With the development of microprocessor and intranet technology,computers play a more and more important role in many aspects of industry process. At the same time ,the development of more large hydro projects makes it urgent to be equipped with more advanced and reliable control system to drive more complicated automatic facilities. Thus the modern Supervisory Control System of hydro plant generates.
This paper firstly deals with the general automation development of hydro plants. In our country, then analyses the technology of automation as well as the chance & challenge of the automation of hydro plant.
Secondly, It analyses various formats of SCS.There are three kinds of SCS from the view of how computer functions: CASC(Computer Assisted Supervisory Control ),CBSC(Computer Based Supervisorr Control )and CCSC(Computer Conventional Supervisory Control);there are four kinds from control method xoncentrative control system,function-scattered control system, equipment-distributed control system and completely open and distributed control system.. At the same time, the article discusses the suitable control methods combining the control method with practical process.
Thirdly the article introduces situation of LongDong hydro plant and its program
design, then introduces the most featured hardware--Programmable Logic
Controller(PLC),which satisfied the users with its high reliability and flexibility.
Turbine LCU is the base of core of SCS. The paper discusses the function and structure of the turbine LCU in Long Dong hydro plant, main equipments and instructions, idea of software design, frequency measuring technique, mutitranferring technique, data collecting & processing technique, anti-intererring technique and so on.
Lastiy the article introduces the basic demands of the connections between machine and man. Usually ,we apply software in the design of platform between machine and operator, the article introduces the functions of the computer control software, taking the
general industry process control software--KingView6.0 for example, then introduces
the application of Computer Supervisory Control System in LongDong hydro plant.
This paper presents entirely to combine the theory with application.
引文
[1] 王定一等．水电厂计算机监视与控制．中国电力出版社，2001，8
[2] 顾景芳、方辉钦、周志清等．我国水电站自动化辉煌业绩回顾及新世纪展望[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[3] 刘绍新．葛洲坝大江电厂计算机监控系统改造[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(特)
[4] 程飞、赵敬、冯鸿．大坳水电厂计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[5] 朱辰、施冲、钟敦美等．水电厂计算机监控系统发展趋势[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(增刊)
[6] 陈建伟．珊溪水电厂计算机监控系统简述[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[7] 廖波．二滩电厂计算机监控系统浅析[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[8] 龙太聪．SJ-600型智能分布式现地控制装置在宝珠寺电厂的应用[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[9] 陈湘匀．广州蓄能水电厂二期工程计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[10] 谢德祥．凉山洲大桥水库电站监控系统工程设计[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[11] 王定一 译．西门子公司的PROKON-LSX水电厂监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[12] 回金方、张春波．潘家口蓄能电厂监控系统改造[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[13] 孙峰．太平湾电站溢流坝弧门自动监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[14] 李杰．鲁布革电站计算机监控系统换型改造[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[15] 谢秋华、刘海波．三峡电厂计算机监控系统与自动装置的接口问题[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[16] 吴凯．基于COM技术的数据库设计及其在监控系统中的应用
[17] 杨爱玲．二滩电厂计算机监控系统MIS简介[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[18] 段龙汉．大坳水电厂计算机监控系统的特点及若干问题的探讨[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[19] 丁仁山．二滩电厂CCS光纤通讯系统的日常维护及测试[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[20] 雷江逵、李建卫．水电站“无人值班”(少人值守)有关问题的思考[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[21] 张晓林．东西关水电厂计算机监控系统人机界面及其优化[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[22] 邓峰．万安水电厂计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[23] 陈军．恰甫其海水电站计算机监控系统可研设计[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[24] 王德宽．台湾的水利水电自动化观感[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[25] 肖宾、穆青．现场总线技术与水电自动化[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[26] 陈继杰．旋转编码器在水电厂技术改造中的应用[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[27] 凌澄．PC总线工业控制系统精华．清华大学出版
[28] 毕亚雄、罗仁彩．葛洲坝水力发电厂自动化技术应用概述[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[29] 陈思宁．智能分布式现地控制装置——SJ-600[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[30] 周喜安、杨立群等．SWK-2000闸门集控系统在广东长湖水电厂的应用[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[31] [日]雨宫好文、末松良一．机械控制入门．科学出版社，2000
[32] D.C.Baillie and J. Mathew. A Comparision of Autoregressive Modeling Techniques for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1996, (10)
[33] B.A.Paya.I.I. Esat and M.N.M. Badi. Artificial Neural Network Based Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Using Wavelet Transforms as a Preprocessor. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1997, 11(5)
[34] Taehee Kim, C. James Li. Feedrorward Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of a Screen Compressor. Systems and Signal Processing, 1995,10(5)
[35] Itkis U variable structure systems with sliding modes IEEEAC-22, 1997, (2)
[36] Meisel J. Distributed Control for Hydroelectric Plants. Water Power & Dam Construction, Jan. 1996
[37] SIEEMENS: Programming of controller, Manual.
[38] SIEEMENS: SIMATIC S5 COM 525, Manual
[39] Special Report: Power Plant Automation, Power, 1995, No.2
[40] WESTINGHOUSE: Westinghouse Distributed Processing Family, IDE 155
[41] Meisel J Distributed Control for Hydroelectric Plants. Water Power & Dam Construction, Jan. 1996
[42] TANBAUM A S. Computer networks. 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall,1988
[43] Jeleeli N, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol 7.,1992
[44] Prowse DCH, et al. Experience with Joint AGC Regulation. IEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol 9., 1994
[45] Khalil Najaf-Zageh, et al computer- Based Automatic Generation Control of hydropower Plants, Proceedings of American Power Conference, 1979
[46] Oelgerd.Autormatic Generation Control. IFAC Symposium on Automatic Control and Protection of Electric Power Systems, 1977
[47] Bogado Fernandos A L et al Distributed Architecture for hydroelectric Plant Monitoring and Control. IFAC Electric Energy Systems, Rio de Janerio, Brazil,1985
[48] Masiello RD. Evolution of Energy Managerement Systems. IFACSymposium on Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul, Korea, August22-25,1989
[2] 顾景芳、方辉钦、周志清等．我国水电站自动化辉煌业绩回顾及新世纪展望[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[3] 刘绍新．葛洲坝大江电厂计算机监控系统改造[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(特)
[4] 程飞、赵敬、冯鸿．大坳水电厂计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[5] 朱辰、施冲、钟敦美等．水电厂计算机监控系统发展趋势[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(增刊)
[6] 陈建伟．珊溪水电厂计算机监控系统简述[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[7] 廖波．二滩电厂计算机监控系统浅析[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[8] 龙太聪．SJ-600型智能分布式现地控制装置在宝珠寺电厂的应用[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[9] 陈湘匀．广州蓄能水电厂二期工程计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[10] 谢德祥．凉山洲大桥水库电站监控系统工程设计[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[11] 王定一 译．西门子公司的PROKON-LSX水电厂监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[12] 回金方、张春波．潘家口蓄能电厂监控系统改造[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[13] 孙峰．太平湾电站溢流坝弧门自动监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[14] 李杰．鲁布革电站计算机监控系统换型改造[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[15] 谢秋华、刘海波．三峡电厂计算机监控系统与自动装置的接口问题[J]水电厂自动化，2002，(1)
[16] 吴凯．基于COM技术的数据库设计及其在监控系统中的应用
[17] 杨爱玲．二滩电厂计算机监控系统MIS简介[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[18] 段龙汉．大坳水电厂计算机监控系统的特点及若干问题的探讨[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[19] 丁仁山．二滩电厂CCS光纤通讯系统的日常维护及测试[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[20] 雷江逵、李建卫．水电站“无人值班”(少人值守)有关问题的思考[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(1)
[21] 张晓林．东西关水电厂计算机监控系统人机界面及其优化[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[22] 邓峰．万安水电厂计算机监控系统[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[23] 陈军．恰甫其海水电站计算机监控系统可研设计[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[24] 王德宽．台湾的水利水电自动化观感[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[25] 肖宾、穆青．现场总线技术与水电自动化[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(2)
[26] 陈继杰．旋转编码器在水电厂技术改造中的应用[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[27] 凌澄．PC总线工业控制系统精华．清华大学出版
[28] 毕亚雄、罗仁彩．葛洲坝水力发电厂自动化技术应用概述[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[29] 陈思宁．智能分布式现地控制装置——SJ-600[J]水电厂自动化与大坝监测，2002，(1)
[30] 周喜安、杨立群等．SWK-2000闸门集控系统在广东长湖水电厂的应用[J]水电厂自动化，2001，(4)
[31] [日]雨宫好文、末松良一．机械控制入门．科学出版社，2000
[32] D.C.Baillie and J. Mathew. A Comparision of Autoregressive Modeling Techniques for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1996, (10)
[33] B.A.Paya.I.I. Esat and M.N.M. Badi. Artificial Neural Network Based Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Using Wavelet Transforms as a Preprocessor. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 1997, 11(5)
[34] Taehee Kim, C. James Li. Feedrorward Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of a Screen Compressor. Systems and Signal Processing, 1995,10(5)
[35] Itkis U variable structure systems with sliding modes IEEEAC-22, 1997, (2)
[36] Meisel J. Distributed Control for Hydroelectric Plants. Water Power & Dam Construction, Jan. 1996
[37] SIEEMENS: Programming of controller, Manual.
[38] SIEEMENS: SIMATIC S5 COM 525, Manual
[39] Special Report: Power Plant Automation, Power, 1995, No.2
[40] WESTINGHOUSE: Westinghouse Distributed Processing Family, IDE 155
[41] Meisel J Distributed Control for Hydroelectric Plants. Water Power & Dam Construction, Jan. 1996
[42] TANBAUM A S. Computer networks. 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall,1988
[43] Jeleeli N, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol 7.,1992
[44] Prowse DCH, et al. Experience with Joint AGC Regulation. IEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol 9., 1994
[45] Khalil Najaf-Zageh, et al computer- Based Automatic Generation Control of hydropower Plants, Proceedings of American Power Conference, 1979
[46] Oelgerd.Autormatic Generation Control. IFAC Symposium on Automatic Control and Protection of Electric Power Systems, 1977
[47] Bogado Fernandos A L et al Distributed Architecture for hydroelectric Plant Monitoring and Control. IFAC Electric Energy Systems, Rio de Janerio, Brazil,1985
[48] Masiello RD. Evolution of Energy Managerement Systems. IFACSymposium on Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul, Korea, August22-25,1989