从语境理论的视角看《雷雨》的英译
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摘要
英语中有两句俗语:“没有语境,就没有文本”和“知人看伴,知词看文”,可见语境的重要性。语境存在于一切形式的交流活动中,语言的发生离不开语境。正确地把握语境对文本的理解起着至关重要的作用。国内外有不少学者已经对语境进行过深入的研究,因此产生了不同的观点。基于众多学者对语境的研究,本文对语境的定义、分类及功能进行了总结,尝试探讨《雷雨》英译本的译者是如何充分考虑语境的各个因素,再现原作的魅力的。第一章为引言,简要介绍了语境理论的概念和《雷雨》的基本信息及历史地位。第二章介绍了国内外语境理论研究的详细情况及《雷雨》英译本的研究情况。第三章介绍了《雷雨》及其作者以及英译本的译者的情况。第四章主要是理论基础,包括了语境的定义、分类及功能。综合各家之长,本文作者尝试对语境做出定义和分类,以此作为《雷雨》英译本分析的理论基础。第五章从语境理论角度对《雷雨》的英译本进行了个案研究。第一部分探讨了译者如何依赖对特定言语环境的把握确定多义词的含义和重现各种修辞手法。第二部分研究了在充分考虑情景语境的基础上个人习语、正式程度和礼貌程度的重现。第三部分分析了译者是如何利用对特定文化的了解来处理人名、称呼语、度量衡以及文化词的。第六章为结论部分。通过从言语语境、情景语境和社会文化语境三个方面对《雷雨》英译本的研究,本文作者发现该译本不仅重现了原作的凄美故事,而且重现了原作的文体风格以及语气。
There are two sayings in English "No context, no text" and "You know a word by the company it keeps", which can give us some hints about the importance of context. Context exists in any form of human communication. Language cannot be produced without context. Comprehending the context plays an important role in interpreting the text. Many scholars all over the world have studied context from various aspects. Thus different views on context arose. On the basis of the researches by the scholars, this thesis makes a summary of the definition, classification and functions of context and makes an attempt to evaluate the English translation of Lei Yu, with the focus on how the translators take all the elements of context into consideration and reproduce the charm of the original text. Chapter One conducts a brief introduction about context theory and Lei Yu. Chapter Two gives the details about the study of context both in China and abroad and the study of the English translation of Lei Yu. Chapter Three provides the background information about Lei Yu and its author and also the translators of the English translation. Chapter Four mainly focuses on the theoretical basis, which includes definition of context, classification of context and functions of context. Integrating various views on context, the author of this thesis summarizes the definition, classification of context as the theoretical basis of the analysis of the English translation of Lei Yu. Chapter Five concentrates on the case study of the English translation of Lei Yu from the perspective of context theory. The first part discusses how the translators determine the meaning of polysemy and reproduce the figures of speech depending on the right comprehension of the specific linguistic context. The second part probes into the reproduction of idiolect, degrees of formality and the degrees of formality with full consideration of the situational context. The third part deals with the treatment of personal names, addressing forms, the measurements and the culture-loaded words with the help of the knowledge of particular culture. Chapter Six is a conclusion. According to the study of Thunderstorm from the aspects of linguistic context, situational context and social-cultural context, the author finds that Wang's version not only conveys the beautiful story of the original text, but also reproduces the style and tone of the original text.
There are two sayings in English "No context, no text" and "You know a word by the company it keeps", which can give us some hints about the importance of context. Context exists in any form of human communication. Language cannot be produced without context. Comprehending the context plays an important role in interpreting the text. Many scholars all over the world have studied context from various aspects. Thus different views on context arose. On the basis of the researches by the scholars, this thesis makes a summary of the definition, classification and functions of context and makes an attempt to evaluate the English translation of Lei Yu, with the focus on how the translators take all the elements of context into consideration and reproduce the charm of the original text. Chapter One conducts a brief introduction about context theory and Lei Yu. Chapter Two gives the details about the study of context both in China and abroad and the study of the English translation of Lei Yu. Chapter Three provides the background information about Lei Yu and its author and also the translators of the English translation. Chapter Four mainly focuses on the theoretical basis, which includes definition of context, classification of context and functions of context. Integrating various views on context, the author of this thesis summarizes the definition, classification of context as the theoretical basis of the analysis of the English translation of Lei Yu. Chapter Five concentrates on the case study of the English translation of Lei Yu from the perspective of context theory. The first part discusses how the translators determine the meaning of polysemy and reproduce the figures of speech depending on the right comprehension of the specific linguistic context. The second part probes into the reproduction of idiolect, degrees of formality and the degrees of formality with full consideration of the situational context. The third part deals with the treatment of personal names, addressing forms, the measurements and the culture-loaded words with the help of the knowledge of particular culture. Chapter Six is a conclusion. According to the study of Thunderstorm from the aspects of linguistic context, situational context and social-cultural context, the author finds that Wang's version not only conveys the beautiful story of the original text, but also reproduces the style and tone of the original text.
引文
Bassnett,Susan and Lefevere,Andre.Translation,History and Culture.[M]London:Printer Publishers Limited.1990
Halliday,M.A.K.& Hasan,Rugaiya.Cohesion in English.[M]London:Longman Pub Group.1976
Halliday,M.A.K.and Hasan,Rugaiya.Functional Grammar.[M]Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1985
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction:Functional Grammar.Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press[M].2006
Levinson and Stephen C.Pragmatics.[M]Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.1983
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Lyons,John.Linguistic Semantics:An Introduction.[M]Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1995
Newmark,Peter.Approaches to Translation.[M]UK:Pergamon Press.1982
Wang Zuoliang and Barnes.Thunderstorm.[M]Translated from Chinese by Cao Yu.Beijing:Foreign Languages Press.2001
包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2001
陈望道.修辞学发凡[M].上海:上海教育出版社.1976
陈望道.修辞学发凡[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团、上海教育出版社.2001
陈喜荣.功能语法语境理论与文化负载词翻译[J].重庆交通学院学报(社科版).2004(3):104-108
丛日珍.语境理论与英语阅读教学[D].山东师范大学,2005
段梦敏.语境对翻译的作用[J].中国科技翻译.2006(2):23-25
冯广艺.汉语语境学概论[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社.1998
甘琼.从《茶馆》的两个英译本看语境理论对翻译的重要性[D].华中师范大学,2001
郭建中.文化与翻译[C].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2000
何其亮,张晔.英释中国传统文化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.2006
胡德香、周卫军.从《翻译:思考与试笔》看王佐良的翻译观与译笔特色[J].解放军外国语学院学报.1999(6):90-103
胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海外语出版.1995
胡壮麟.语言学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2001
金惠康.跨文化交际翻译续编[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2004
李晓东.《雷雨》人物姓名研究[J].甘肃教育学院学报(社会科学版).2001,17(1):42-47
刘宓庆.文化翻译论纲[C].武汉:湖北教育出版社.1999
刘肖岩.试论戏剧对白的翻译单位[J].四川外语学院学报.2002(7):113-115
卢红梅.华夏文化与汉英翻译[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.2006
马爱英.中英文化翻译——当代中国文本译释个案研究[M].北京:科学出版社.2006
梅美莲.汉英感叹词语用对比研究——以《雷雨》、《茶花女》双向翻译语料为中心[J].浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).2006(12):190-196
裴文.现代英语语境学[M].合肥:安徽大学出版社.2000
司建国.会话分析理论对中国戏剧研究的启示——礼貌原则映射下的《雷雨》的戏剧冲突.[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版).2005(5):47-51
王德春.修辞学探索[M].北京:北京出版社.1983
王兴平、刘思久、陆文璧.曹禺研究专集[C].福州:海峡文艺出版社.1985
吴彦谋.从潜台词看《雷雨》的艺术魅力.[J]琼州大学学报.2006(6):89-90
西槙光正.语境研究论文集[C].北京:北京语言学院出版社.1992
阳鲲.语境理论与翻译实践[J].湖南商学院学报.2001(8):101-102
周琳.翻译家王佐良研究[D].四川大学,2006
周茜.《雷雨》的文体特征在其英译本中的再现.[J].渝州大学学报(社会科学版).1999(4):84-88
朱蕾.戏剧翻译中美学品质的再现—剧本《雷雨》的个案研究[D].山东大学,2005
Wikipedia“Cao Yu,Biography and Works”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Yu,2008,2海词在线词典:www.dict.cn,2003,11
Halliday,M.A.K.& Hasan,Rugaiya.Cohesion in English.[M]London:Longman Pub Group.1976
Halliday,M.A.K.and Hasan,Rugaiya.Functional Grammar.[M]Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1985
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction:Functional Grammar.Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press[M].2006
Levinson and Stephen C.Pragmatics.[M]Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.1983
Lyons,John.Semantics Vol.2.[M]Cambridge;Cambridge University Press.1977
Lyons,John.Linguistic Semantics:An Introduction.[M]Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1995
Newmark,Peter.Approaches to Translation.[M]UK:Pergamon Press.1982
Wang Zuoliang and Barnes.Thunderstorm.[M]Translated from Chinese by Cao Yu.Beijing:Foreign Languages Press.2001
包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2001
陈望道.修辞学发凡[M].上海:上海教育出版社.1976
陈望道.修辞学发凡[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团、上海教育出版社.2001
陈喜荣.功能语法语境理论与文化负载词翻译[J].重庆交通学院学报(社科版).2004(3):104-108
丛日珍.语境理论与英语阅读教学[D].山东师范大学,2005
段梦敏.语境对翻译的作用[J].中国科技翻译.2006(2):23-25
冯广艺.汉语语境学概论[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社.1998
甘琼.从《茶馆》的两个英译本看语境理论对翻译的重要性[D].华中师范大学,2001
郭建中.文化与翻译[C].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2000
何其亮,张晔.英释中国传统文化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.2006
胡德香、周卫军.从《翻译:思考与试笔》看王佐良的翻译观与译笔特色[J].解放军外国语学院学报.1999(6):90-103
胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海外语出版.1995
胡壮麟.语言学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2001
金惠康.跨文化交际翻译续编[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2004
李晓东.《雷雨》人物姓名研究[J].甘肃教育学院学报(社会科学版).2001,17(1):42-47
刘宓庆.文化翻译论纲[C].武汉:湖北教育出版社.1999
刘肖岩.试论戏剧对白的翻译单位[J].四川外语学院学报.2002(7):113-115
卢红梅.华夏文化与汉英翻译[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.2006
马爱英.中英文化翻译——当代中国文本译释个案研究[M].北京:科学出版社.2006
梅美莲.汉英感叹词语用对比研究——以《雷雨》、《茶花女》双向翻译语料为中心[J].浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).2006(12):190-196
裴文.现代英语语境学[M].合肥:安徽大学出版社.2000
司建国.会话分析理论对中国戏剧研究的启示——礼貌原则映射下的《雷雨》的戏剧冲突.[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版).2005(5):47-51
王德春.修辞学探索[M].北京:北京出版社.1983
王兴平、刘思久、陆文璧.曹禺研究专集[C].福州:海峡文艺出版社.1985
吴彦谋.从潜台词看《雷雨》的艺术魅力.[J]琼州大学学报.2006(6):89-90
西槙光正.语境研究论文集[C].北京:北京语言学院出版社.1992
阳鲲.语境理论与翻译实践[J].湖南商学院学报.2001(8):101-102
周琳.翻译家王佐良研究[D].四川大学,2006
周茜.《雷雨》的文体特征在其英译本中的再现.[J].渝州大学学报(社会科学版).1999(4):84-88
朱蕾.戏剧翻译中美学品质的再现—剧本《雷雨》的个案研究[D].山东大学,2005
Wikipedia“Cao Yu,Biography and Works”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Yu,2008,2海词在线词典:www.dict.cn,2003,11