液体磁性磨具加工表面速度与应力场分析研究
摘要
液体磁性磨具是应用磁致相变原理研制的一种新型精密光整加工用磨具,在无外加磁场时,该磨具呈标准的牛顿流体,可以和工件充分接触。而在施加磁场之后,该磨具的表观粘度和剪切屈服应力增加几个数量级以上,由牛顿流体迅速相变为类固体,而且这种变化是连续的、可逆的,一旦去掉外部磁场,又恢复为牛顿流体。液体磁性磨具的这种独特的流变特性,使液体磁性磨具类似于一个“柔性”砂轮,能够与各种型面的零件很好地贴合在一起,当磨具和工件有相对运动时就可以实现对工件的光整加工。
本文在目前液体磁性磨具已有研究的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟相结合的方法对液体磁性磨具及其光整加工进行了系统的研究:首先简要的介绍了液体磁性磨具的概念、组成、物理性质、微观流变机理,以及液体磁性磨具光整加工的机理、材料去除模型、实验装置、工艺参数等相关基本理论,然后归纳总结了现有液体磁性磨具的微观和宏观剪切应力模型;利用临界雷诺数法确定了光整加工中液体磁性磨具的流动状态,在流动状态确定的基础上,利用非牛顿流体力学和张量分析的理论并结合双粘度模型,建立了液体磁性磨具光整加工的流体动力学模型,明确了光整加工中液体磁性磨具运动学和动力学特性,得到了液体磁性磨具的剪切应力和速度场分布;接着讨论确定了液体磁性磨具的分析区域,并借助有限元分析软件-ANSYS,分析和比较了施加磁场前后的液体磁性磨具的剪切应力和速度场;最后对全文进行了总结,并提出了分析中出现的问题和不足,同时展望了下一步的研究工作。
Fluid magnetic abrasives (FMA) are a new kind of precision finishing abrasives, which take advantage of the theory that the magnetism induces phase to change,in the absence of an applied magnetic field,FMA exhibit Newtonian-like behaviour ,can contact workpiece sufficiently. When exposed to a magnetic field ,the viscosity and yield shearing stress increases several orders of magnitude ,the FMA change from Newtonian fluid to solid,and this change is successive、reversible,in case of removing external magnetic field ,the FMA return to Newtonian fluid. The unique reheolgical property of the FMA makes it like a "soft" grinding wheel,can adapt to different profile of workpiece ,when there is relative movement between the FMA and workpiece,finishing is realized.
The dissertation ,which is based on the existing study of the FMA,research into the FMA and its finishing systematicly with adopting combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation: first of all,the dissertation introduce concept、composition、physical properly、microcosmic rheological mechanism of the FMA,and also the correlative basic theory of FMA finishing mechanism、material removed model、experimental equipment、technical parameters,then sum up the existing microcosmic and macroscopical shearing stress model of the FMA, confirm flow state of the FMA during finishing with adopting critical Renault method,based on the confirmation of the flow state,establish hydrokinetics model of the FMA finishing with adopting the theory of non-newtonian liquid and tensor analysis and combining with biviscosity model,confirm kinematics and mechanics property of the FMA finishing,gained shearing stress and velocity field distributing of the FMA,then discuss and confirm analysis area of the FMA, analyse and compare with shearing stress and velocity field of the FMA, when in absence of and exposed to external magnetic field ,by virtue of finite element analysis software -ANSYS;finally,sum up the whole article,and present problem and deficiency during analysis,and bring forward next investigation work simultaneously.
本文在目前液体磁性磨具已有研究的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟相结合的方法对液体磁性磨具及其光整加工进行了系统的研究:首先简要的介绍了液体磁性磨具的概念、组成、物理性质、微观流变机理,以及液体磁性磨具光整加工的机理、材料去除模型、实验装置、工艺参数等相关基本理论,然后归纳总结了现有液体磁性磨具的微观和宏观剪切应力模型;利用临界雷诺数法确定了光整加工中液体磁性磨具的流动状态,在流动状态确定的基础上,利用非牛顿流体力学和张量分析的理论并结合双粘度模型,建立了液体磁性磨具光整加工的流体动力学模型,明确了光整加工中液体磁性磨具运动学和动力学特性,得到了液体磁性磨具的剪切应力和速度场分布;接着讨论确定了液体磁性磨具的分析区域,并借助有限元分析软件-ANSYS,分析和比较了施加磁场前后的液体磁性磨具的剪切应力和速度场;最后对全文进行了总结,并提出了分析中出现的问题和不足,同时展望了下一步的研究工作。
Fluid magnetic abrasives (FMA) are a new kind of precision finishing abrasives, which take advantage of the theory that the magnetism induces phase to change,in the absence of an applied magnetic field,FMA exhibit Newtonian-like behaviour ,can contact workpiece sufficiently. When exposed to a magnetic field ,the viscosity and yield shearing stress increases several orders of magnitude ,the FMA change from Newtonian fluid to solid,and this change is successive、reversible,in case of removing external magnetic field ,the FMA return to Newtonian fluid. The unique reheolgical property of the FMA makes it like a "soft" grinding wheel,can adapt to different profile of workpiece ,when there is relative movement between the FMA and workpiece,finishing is realized.
The dissertation ,which is based on the existing study of the FMA,research into the FMA and its finishing systematicly with adopting combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation: first of all,the dissertation introduce concept、composition、physical properly、microcosmic rheological mechanism of the FMA,and also the correlative basic theory of FMA finishing mechanism、material removed model、experimental equipment、technical parameters,then sum up the existing microcosmic and macroscopical shearing stress model of the FMA, confirm flow state of the FMA during finishing with adopting critical Renault method,based on the confirmation of the flow state,establish hydrokinetics model of the FMA finishing with adopting the theory of non-newtonian liquid and tensor analysis and combining with biviscosity model,confirm kinematics and mechanics property of the FMA finishing,gained shearing stress and velocity field distributing of the FMA,then discuss and confirm analysis area of the FMA, analyse and compare with shearing stress and velocity field of the FMA, when in absence of and exposed to external magnetic field ,by virtue of finite element analysis software -ANSYS;finally,sum up the whole article,and present problem and deficiency during analysis,and bring forward next investigation work simultaneously.
引文
[1]尤伟伟,彭小强,磁流变抛光液的研究,光学精密工程,2004,12(3),330-334
[2]茹秋生,液体磁性磨具光整加工机理和物理性质的研究,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2006
[3]杨世春,汪鸣铮,张银喜,表面质量与光整技术,北京,机械工业出版社,1999,12
[4]彭小强,确定性磁流变抛光的关键技术研究,[学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2004
[5]程灏波,冯之敬,王英伟,油基磁流变液的开发及抛光性能的研究,光电工程,2004,31(10),28-31
[6]关新春,欧进萍,李金海,磁流变液组分选择原则及其机理探讨,化学物理学报,2001,14(5),592-596
[7]郝建军,液体磁性磨具光整加工实验装置的研制与开发,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2005
[8]贾瑞皋,薛庆忠,电磁学,北京,高等教育出版社,2003,210-235
[9]Sunil Jha,V.K.Jain,Design and development of the magnetorheological abrasive flowfinishing(MRAFF)process,International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 2004,44,1019-1029
[10]李发胜,张平,抛光用磁流变液的研究,功能材料,2006,31(8),1187-1190
[11]Shulman.Z.P,W.I.Kordonskv,E.A.Zaltsgendler.etc,Structure Physical Properties and Dynamics of Magnetorheological Susnensions,Int.I Multinhase Flow,1986,12(6),935-955.
[12]李唯东,面向光整加工的液体磁性磨具的研究与开发,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2005
[13]Jong Hyeok Park,Byung Doo Chin,and O Ok Park,Rheological Properties and Stabilization of Magnetorheological Fluids in a Water-in-Oil Emulsion,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,240,349-354
[14]李海涛,彭向,陈伟民,基于链化分析的磁流变液剪切屈服应力模型,化学物理学报,2005,18(4),504-509
[15]金峋,张培强,汪小华等,磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值计算,中国科学技术大学学报,2001,31(2),168-173
[16]彭小强,尤伟伟,石峰,磁流变液剪切屈服应力模型的理论分析与实验,国防科技大学学报,2006,28(4),110-114
[17]朱应顺,龚兴龙,李辉等,磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值分析,中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(4),499-503
[18]阮中尉,基于BCT模型的磁流变液剪切应力预测理论研究,[学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[19]N.M.Kwok,Q.P.Ha,T.H.Nguyen,J.Li,B.Samali.A novel hysteretic model for magnetorheological fluid dampers and parameter identifycation using particle swarm optimization.Sensors and Actuators A,2006,132,441-451
[20]B.Hu,A.Fuchs,S.Huseyin,F.Gordaninejad,C.Evrensel.Atom transfer radical polymerized MR fluids.Polymer,2006,47,7653-7663
[21]G.Yang,B.F.Spencer Jr,J.D.Carlson,M.K.Sain.Large-scale MR fluid dampers:modeling and dynamic performance considerations,Engineering Structures,2002,24,309-323
[22]Edward J.Park,Luis Falcao da Luz,Afzal Suleman.Multidisciplinary design optimization of an automotive magnetorheological brake design Computers and Structures,2007,1-10
[23]司鹊,彭向和,磁流变材料的粘塑性模型,重庆大学学报,2001,24(3),45-48
[24]翁建生,胡海岩,张庙康,磁流变液体的流变力学特性试验和建模.应用力学学报,2000,17(3),1-5
[25]Anirban Chaudhuri,Norman M.Wereley,Sanjay Kotha,Viscometric characterization of cobalt nanoparticle-based magnetorheological fluids using genetic algorithms.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,293,206-214
[26]廖昌荣,陈爱军,张红辉等,磁流变液的流变学特性检测方法与仪器,仪器仪表报,2004,25(4),84-87
[27]司鹄,李晓红,磁流变液的流体动力学理论,功能材料,2006,37(5),727-732
[28]J.David Carlson,Mark R.Jolly,MR fluid,foam and elastomer devices.Mechatronics,2000,10,555-569
[29]Jolly M,Bender,Carlson J,Properties and applications of commercial magnetorhelogical fluids,Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,1996,10(1),5-13
[30]兰发强,磁流变液启动装置的基础研究,[学位论文],重庆大学,2004
[31]廖昌荣,张红辉,余淼等,基于双粘本构模型的汽车磁流变液减振器阻尼特性分析,功能材料,2006,37(6),1013-1015
[32]周光垌,严宗毅,许世雄等,流体力学,第二版,北京,高等教育出版,2000,6
[33]张也影,流体力学,第二版,北京,高等教育出版社,1996,2
[34]李兆敏,蔡国琰,非牛顿流体力学,东营,石油大学出版社,1998,4
[35]王贵林,SiC光学材料超精密研抛关键技术研究,[学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2002
[36]张正勇,张耀华,虞承瑞等,磁流变液的特性研究,功能材料与器件学报,2001,7(4),340-344
[37]王国强,实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践,西安,西北工业大学出版社,1999,8
[38]周宁,ANSYS机械工程应用实例,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2006
[39]朱向哲,谢禹钧,三层搅拌桨排列方式对流场影响的数值研究,辽宁石化工大学学报,2005,25(4),48-51
[40]钱汝鼎,工程流体力学,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1989
[2]茹秋生,液体磁性磨具光整加工机理和物理性质的研究,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2006
[3]杨世春,汪鸣铮,张银喜,表面质量与光整技术,北京,机械工业出版社,1999,12
[4]彭小强,确定性磁流变抛光的关键技术研究,[学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2004
[5]程灏波,冯之敬,王英伟,油基磁流变液的开发及抛光性能的研究,光电工程,2004,31(10),28-31
[6]关新春,欧进萍,李金海,磁流变液组分选择原则及其机理探讨,化学物理学报,2001,14(5),592-596
[7]郝建军,液体磁性磨具光整加工实验装置的研制与开发,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2005
[8]贾瑞皋,薛庆忠,电磁学,北京,高等教育出版社,2003,210-235
[9]Sunil Jha,V.K.Jain,Design and development of the magnetorheological abrasive flowfinishing(MRAFF)process,International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 2004,44,1019-1029
[10]李发胜,张平,抛光用磁流变液的研究,功能材料,2006,31(8),1187-1190
[11]Shulman.Z.P,W.I.Kordonskv,E.A.Zaltsgendler.etc,Structure Physical Properties and Dynamics of Magnetorheological Susnensions,Int.I Multinhase Flow,1986,12(6),935-955.
[12]李唯东,面向光整加工的液体磁性磨具的研究与开发,[学位论文],太原理工大学,2005
[13]Jong Hyeok Park,Byung Doo Chin,and O Ok Park,Rheological Properties and Stabilization of Magnetorheological Fluids in a Water-in-Oil Emulsion,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,240,349-354
[14]李海涛,彭向,陈伟民,基于链化分析的磁流变液剪切屈服应力模型,化学物理学报,2005,18(4),504-509
[15]金峋,张培强,汪小华等,磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值计算,中国科学技术大学学报,2001,31(2),168-173
[16]彭小强,尤伟伟,石峰,磁流变液剪切屈服应力模型的理论分析与实验,国防科技大学学报,2006,28(4),110-114
[17]朱应顺,龚兴龙,李辉等,磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值分析,中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(4),499-503
[18]阮中尉,基于BCT模型的磁流变液剪切应力预测理论研究,[学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[19]N.M.Kwok,Q.P.Ha,T.H.Nguyen,J.Li,B.Samali.A novel hysteretic model for magnetorheological fluid dampers and parameter identifycation using particle swarm optimization.Sensors and Actuators A,2006,132,441-451
[20]B.Hu,A.Fuchs,S.Huseyin,F.Gordaninejad,C.Evrensel.Atom transfer radical polymerized MR fluids.Polymer,2006,47,7653-7663
[21]G.Yang,B.F.Spencer Jr,J.D.Carlson,M.K.Sain.Large-scale MR fluid dampers:modeling and dynamic performance considerations,Engineering Structures,2002,24,309-323
[22]Edward J.Park,Luis Falcao da Luz,Afzal Suleman.Multidisciplinary design optimization of an automotive magnetorheological brake design Computers and Structures,2007,1-10
[23]司鹊,彭向和,磁流变材料的粘塑性模型,重庆大学学报,2001,24(3),45-48
[24]翁建生,胡海岩,张庙康,磁流变液体的流变力学特性试验和建模.应用力学学报,2000,17(3),1-5
[25]Anirban Chaudhuri,Norman M.Wereley,Sanjay Kotha,Viscometric characterization of cobalt nanoparticle-based magnetorheological fluids using genetic algorithms.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,293,206-214
[26]廖昌荣,陈爱军,张红辉等,磁流变液的流变学特性检测方法与仪器,仪器仪表报,2004,25(4),84-87
[27]司鹄,李晓红,磁流变液的流体动力学理论,功能材料,2006,37(5),727-732
[28]J.David Carlson,Mark R.Jolly,MR fluid,foam and elastomer devices.Mechatronics,2000,10,555-569
[29]Jolly M,Bender,Carlson J,Properties and applications of commercial magnetorhelogical fluids,Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,1996,10(1),5-13
[30]兰发强,磁流变液启动装置的基础研究,[学位论文],重庆大学,2004
[31]廖昌荣,张红辉,余淼等,基于双粘本构模型的汽车磁流变液减振器阻尼特性分析,功能材料,2006,37(6),1013-1015
[32]周光垌,严宗毅,许世雄等,流体力学,第二版,北京,高等教育出版,2000,6
[33]张也影,流体力学,第二版,北京,高等教育出版社,1996,2
[34]李兆敏,蔡国琰,非牛顿流体力学,东营,石油大学出版社,1998,4
[35]王贵林,SiC光学材料超精密研抛关键技术研究,[学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2002
[36]张正勇,张耀华,虞承瑞等,磁流变液的特性研究,功能材料与器件学报,2001,7(4),340-344
[37]王国强,实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践,西安,西北工业大学出版社,1999,8
[38]周宁,ANSYS机械工程应用实例,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2006
[39]朱向哲,谢禹钧,三层搅拌桨排列方式对流场影响的数值研究,辽宁石化工大学学报,2005,25(4),48-51
[40]钱汝鼎,工程流体力学,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1989