生物质燃烧过程中HCl的排放特性研究
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摘要
生物质燃烧过程中由氯引起的结渣和腐蚀问题限制了生物质能的大规模应用。为了提高人们对生物质中的微量元素氯的认识,探明生物质燃烧过程中氯化氢的排放特性,并探讨生物质燃烧过程中减少气态氯化物排放的方法,本文进行了生物质燃烧过程中HCl排放特性的研究。
对生物质中氯的测定方法进行了探索研究,并参照煤中氯测定的国标方法确定了生物质中氯的测定方法,建立了高温燃烧水解实验装置,利用该实验装置,进行了生物质中氯测定影响因素的实验研究。分析了燃烧水解温度、恒定高温区停留时间、水蒸气的通入量、氧气通入量和原料的质量等对生物质中氯测定值的影响,并得到了生物质中氯测定的最佳实验条件。
对生物质燃烧过程中HCl的排放特性进行了实验研究,重点研究了生物质种类、原料粒径、燃烧温度、燃烧时间、燃烧气氛、水蒸气通入量等因素对于生物质燃烧过程中HCl排放特性的影响。在此基础上,对燃烧温度、燃烧时间、燃烧气氛、CaO添加量四种影响因素进行了正交实验,对比分析了这几个影响因素的影响程度。
CaO的添加能够起到良好的固氯效果,为了进一步探明CaO对生物质燃烧过程中HCl排放的影响,进行了生物质燃烧固氯的实验研究,分析了生物质种类、燃烧温度、燃烧气氛、CaO添加量等因素对固氯效果的影响。
In the biomass combustion process,the problems of slagging and corrosion produced by chlorine restrict the lage scale application of biomass energy.In order to improve the knowledge of people on the trace element chlorine of the biomass and to realize the chlorine hydride emission performance in the process of biomass combustion, and to explore the method of reducing emissions of gaseous chlorine in biomass combustion process, we conduct the interrelated research on the HCl emission characteristics in the process of biomass combustion.
Discussing the determination method of the chloride in the biomass, and then we determine the determination method of chlorine in the biomass consulting the national standard determination method of the chlorine of coal,establishing the experimental device of high-temperature combustion hydrolysis.Then we do experiment study on the influence factors of this method determining chlorine in the biomass.Analyzing the effect of the factors of the combustion hydrolysis temperature ,the residence time in high temperature area, the steam volume,the oxygen volume,the quantity of raw material on measured value of chlorine in biomass and we find out the optimal experiment condition of the determination of the chloride in the biomass on the laboratory condition.
The HCl emission characteristics on the biomass combustion process are experimental studied, researching some important factors influencing on the HCl emission characteristics in the process of biomass combustion , such as the raw material type, particle size, combustion temperature, combustion time, combustion atmosphere, the steam volume and so on. Based on the result of this research, analyzing the influence degree of four important factors of combustion temperature, combustion time, combustion atmosphere and CaO addition quantity, in the biomass combustion process by carrying out the orthogonal experiment.
The addition of CaO is able to get good effect on fixing chlorine, in order to further prove the effect of CaO on HCl emissions in the biomass combustion process, carrying out the experiment research of fixing chlorine in the biomass combustion process, analyzing the influence on the effect of fixing chlorine of the biomass type, combustion temperature, ombustion atmosphere, CaO addition quantity.
对生物质中氯的测定方法进行了探索研究,并参照煤中氯测定的国标方法确定了生物质中氯的测定方法,建立了高温燃烧水解实验装置,利用该实验装置,进行了生物质中氯测定影响因素的实验研究。分析了燃烧水解温度、恒定高温区停留时间、水蒸气的通入量、氧气通入量和原料的质量等对生物质中氯测定值的影响,并得到了生物质中氯测定的最佳实验条件。
对生物质燃烧过程中HCl的排放特性进行了实验研究,重点研究了生物质种类、原料粒径、燃烧温度、燃烧时间、燃烧气氛、水蒸气通入量等因素对于生物质燃烧过程中HCl排放特性的影响。在此基础上,对燃烧温度、燃烧时间、燃烧气氛、CaO添加量四种影响因素进行了正交实验,对比分析了这几个影响因素的影响程度。
CaO的添加能够起到良好的固氯效果,为了进一步探明CaO对生物质燃烧过程中HCl排放的影响,进行了生物质燃烧固氯的实验研究,分析了生物质种类、燃烧温度、燃烧气氛、CaO添加量等因素对固氯效果的影响。
In the biomass combustion process,the problems of slagging and corrosion produced by chlorine restrict the lage scale application of biomass energy.In order to improve the knowledge of people on the trace element chlorine of the biomass and to realize the chlorine hydride emission performance in the process of biomass combustion, and to explore the method of reducing emissions of gaseous chlorine in biomass combustion process, we conduct the interrelated research on the HCl emission characteristics in the process of biomass combustion.
Discussing the determination method of the chloride in the biomass, and then we determine the determination method of chlorine in the biomass consulting the national standard determination method of the chlorine of coal,establishing the experimental device of high-temperature combustion hydrolysis.Then we do experiment study on the influence factors of this method determining chlorine in the biomass.Analyzing the effect of the factors of the combustion hydrolysis temperature ,the residence time in high temperature area, the steam volume,the oxygen volume,the quantity of raw material on measured value of chlorine in biomass and we find out the optimal experiment condition of the determination of the chloride in the biomass on the laboratory condition.
The HCl emission characteristics on the biomass combustion process are experimental studied, researching some important factors influencing on the HCl emission characteristics in the process of biomass combustion , such as the raw material type, particle size, combustion temperature, combustion time, combustion atmosphere, the steam volume and so on. Based on the result of this research, analyzing the influence degree of four important factors of combustion temperature, combustion time, combustion atmosphere and CaO addition quantity, in the biomass combustion process by carrying out the orthogonal experiment.
The addition of CaO is able to get good effect on fixing chlorine, in order to further prove the effect of CaO on HCl emissions in the biomass combustion process, carrying out the experiment research of fixing chlorine in the biomass combustion process, analyzing the influence on the effect of fixing chlorine of the biomass type, combustion temperature, ombustion atmosphere, CaO addition quantity.
引文
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[4] Mckendry,P. Energy production from biomass (part1):overview of biomass. Bioresource Technology [J].2002, 83:37~46
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[8]别如山,李炳熙,陆慧林,等.燃生物质废料流化床锅炉[J].热能动力工程, 2000,15(4): 344~347
[9]林志杰,刘皓,黄琳.稻谷壳流化床的燃烧特性[J].华中理工大学学报,1994,22(3): 21~24
[10]陈冠益,方梦祥,骆仲泱.燃用稻壳流化床锅炉的试验研究及35t.h-1锅炉的设计[J].动力工程,1997,17(6):47~54
[11]田宜水,张鉴铭,陈晓夫.秸秆直燃热水锅炉供热系统的研究设计[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):87~90
[12]翟学民.甘蔗渣锅炉设计新构思[J].工业锅炉,2000,(2):9~12
[13]何育恒.燃烧油、木屑、木粉绿色新型锅炉的开发设计[J].工业锅炉,2001, (3):20~23
[14]余有芳,盛奎川,Hassan Gomaa.生物质成型燃料的热解燃烧特性实验研究[J].浙江大学学报,2005,31(5):663~667
[15]杨小明,何屏,刘文光,夏家群,徐远纲.生物质成型燃料锅炉产业化可行性研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2006,31(1):29~32
[16]王淮东,王晓东,武少菁,刘圣勇,王森,刘小二,陈立国.生物质成型燃料炉灶结渣特性及影响因素试验研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(2):206~209
[17]肖波,邹先枚.生物质粉体燃烧特性的研究[J].可再生能源,2007,25(1):47~50
[18]郭献军,肖波,刘石明,罗思义,贺茂云.生物质粉体燃烧炉实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,8:35~38
[19]肖波,邹先枚,杨家宽,马承荣,阮渊.生物质燃料的破碎研究[J].能源研究与信息.2006,22(1):6~11
[20] X.J.Guo, B.Xiao, X.L.Zhang, S.Y. Luo ,M.Y. He.Experimental study on air-stream gasification of biomass micron fuel (BMF) in a cyclone gasifier[J].Bioresource Technology.2009,100(2):1003~1006.
[21] Xianjun Guo, Bo Xiao, Shiming Liu, Zhiquan Hu, Siyi Luo, Maoyun He. An experimental study on air gasification of biomass micron fuel (BMF) in a cyclone gasifier [J]. International Journalof Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(3):1265~1269
[22]陈喜龙,谭跃辉,王义强,等.我国生物质颗粒燃料推广应用中存在的问题与发展对策[J].可再生能源,2005,1:41~43
[23] Demirbas Ayhan. Sustainable cofiring of biomass with coal [J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2003,44:1465~1479
[24] Vassilev SV, Eskenazy GM, Vassileva CG. Contents, modes of occurrence and behaviour of chlorine and bromine in combustion wastes from coal-fired power stations [J].Fuel,2000,79:923~937
[25] Bjoerkman E and Stroemberg B. Release of chlorine from biomass at pyrolysis and gasification conditions[J].Energy Fuel,1997,11:1026~1032
[26] Hastie JW, Bonnell DW, Plante ER.Experimental and model determinations of coal mineral and slag phase-eqiuilibria and alkali vapor-transport, Mineral Matter and Ash Deposition from Coal[R]. Engineering Foundation Conference, Santa Barbara, 1998:793~795
[27] French RJ, Milne TA. Vapor phase release of alkali species in the combustion ofbiomass pyrolysis oils [J].Biomass Bioenergy,1994,7:315~325
[28] Dayton DC, French RJ, Milne TA. Direct Observation of Alkali Vapor Release during Biomass Combustion and Gasification.1.Application of Molecular Beam/Mass Spectrometry to Switchgrass Combustion [J].Energy Fuel,1995,9: 855~865
[29] Blander M, Pelton AD. The inorganic chemistry of the combustion of wheat straw [J].Biomass Bioenergy. 1997,12:295~298
[30] Jensen PA, Frandsen FJ, Dam-Johansen K, Sander B.Experimental investigation of the transformation and release to gas phase of potassium and chlorine during straw pyrolysis [J]. Energy Fuels,2000,14:1280~1285
[31] Kuramochi H, Wu W, Kawamoto K. Prediction of the behaviors of H2S and HCl during gasification of selected residual biomass fuels by equilibrium calculation [J]. Fuel, 2005,84:377~387
[32] Hays MD, Fine PM, Geron CD, Kleeman MJ, Gullett BK.Open burning of a griculturalbiomass: Physicaland chemical properties of particle-phase emissions [J].Atmospheric Environment.2005,39:6747~6764
[33] Johansson LS, Tullin C, Leckner B, Sjovall P. Particle emissions from biomass combustion in small combustors[J].Biomass and Bioenergy. 2003, 25:435~446
[34] Kanters ML, Vannispen R, Louw R, Mulder P. Chlorine input and chloro-phenol emission in the lab-scale combustion of municipal solid waste. Environ Sci Technol.1996, 30:2121~2126
[35] Matsuda H, Ozawa S, Naruse K, Ito K, Kojima Y, Yanase T.Kinetics of HCl emission from inorganic chlorides in simulated municipal wastes incineration conditions. Chem Eng Sci. 2005,60:545~552
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