RFID技术研究及有源电子标签的设计与实现
摘要
射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术是从上世纪80年代走向成熟的一项自动识别技术,近年来发展十分迅速。
本论文首先充分分析了RFID技术的特点,在其基础之上指出了其独特的优势,讨论了该技术在不同领域的应用。并针对RFID技术中面临的核心问题——防冲撞算法进行了分析,并且对目前应用最广,受关注最多的两类防冲撞算法:ALOHA算法和二进制搜索算法进行了详细的分析。
利用MSP430F2012和nRF24L01分别作为MCU和RF芯片设计并实现了RFID系统中有源电子标签的硬件部分,软件部分实现了数据的发送和接受,然后通过测试验证了其模块的正确性。并且对基本ALOHA算法在设计的硬件平台上进行了设计。最后对未来的工作进行了展望,提出了以后可以进行的硬件和软件部分的修改和完善的建议。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of auto-identify technique risen in 90~(th). It is very hot in theory and application research. It has a promising future.
Firstly, we analyze the characteristic of RFID technology, and then based on that we point out its special advantage and different application in different fields. We also analyze the anti-collision algorithm which is the core of RFID technology andparticularly we analyze the two kinds of anti-collision algorithm——ALOHAalgorithm and binary search algorithm, which are paid attention to mostly.
We design and implement the hardware part of an active electronic tag in RFID system with the MSP430F2012 as our MCU and nRF24L01 as our RF chip, and for the software part of that tag we could send and receive data with it and we have confirmed that function via some tests. For the anti-collision algorithm we design the software with the ALOHA algorithm based on our hardware. Finally, we point out the research orientation in the future and give the suggestion how to modify the hardware and software.
本论文首先充分分析了RFID技术的特点,在其基础之上指出了其独特的优势,讨论了该技术在不同领域的应用。并针对RFID技术中面临的核心问题——防冲撞算法进行了分析,并且对目前应用最广,受关注最多的两类防冲撞算法:ALOHA算法和二进制搜索算法进行了详细的分析。
利用MSP430F2012和nRF24L01分别作为MCU和RF芯片设计并实现了RFID系统中有源电子标签的硬件部分,软件部分实现了数据的发送和接受,然后通过测试验证了其模块的正确性。并且对基本ALOHA算法在设计的硬件平台上进行了设计。最后对未来的工作进行了展望,提出了以后可以进行的硬件和软件部分的修改和完善的建议。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of auto-identify technique risen in 90~(th). It is very hot in theory and application research. It has a promising future.
Firstly, we analyze the characteristic of RFID technology, and then based on that we point out its special advantage and different application in different fields. We also analyze the anti-collision algorithm which is the core of RFID technology andparticularly we analyze the two kinds of anti-collision algorithm——ALOHAalgorithm and binary search algorithm, which are paid attention to mostly.
We design and implement the hardware part of an active electronic tag in RFID system with the MSP430F2012 as our MCU and nRF24L01 as our RF chip, and for the software part of that tag we could send and receive data with it and we have confirmed that function via some tests. For the anti-collision algorithm we design the software with the ALOHA algorithm based on our hardware. Finally, we point out the research orientation in the future and give the suggestion how to modify the hardware and software.
引文
[1]中国射频识别(RFID)技术政策白皮书.中华人民共和国科学技术部等十五部委,2006年6月9日
[2]谢勇,彭涛.RFID标签--可以取代条形码的高新技术.包装工程,1999,(5):17-19
[3]程晨.浅谈射频识别技术在中国的发展.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(6):5-8
[4]张有光,杜万,张秀春,杨子强.ISO RFID标准体系中的数据协议功能分析.中国标准化,2006,(4):65-66
[5]张秋英.智能标签取代条码.工厂管理,2003,(8):56-57
[6]李元忠.射频识别技术及其在交通领域的应用.电讯技术,2002,(5):5-9
[7]Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术.无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张利华,朱灿焰,张其善.智能卡及其应用技术研究.微型机与应用,2002,(12):4-6
[9]Small D.The potential of RFID is finally areality.Industrial Engineering,1992,24(10):46-57
[10]王璐,秦汝祥,贾群.基于RFID技术的门禁监控系统.微机发展,2003,13(11):59-63
[11]婷月.商业领域中的RFID技术.现代通信,2003,(7):31-32
[12]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.《MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用》.清华大学出版社2004年11月
[13]吴春华,陈军,动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用.《电子器件》,2003年2月
[14]安治永,李应红,张百灵,陈学江.射频识别系统的多目标识别-反碰撞算法.火力与指挥控制,2006,31(4):39-41
[15]李景涛.射频识别(RFID)技术及其应用.信息技术快报,2004,19(11):1-10
[16]胡建斌,李强,阂昊.时隙ALOHA法在RED系统防碰撞问题中的应用.应用科学学报.2005年9月,第23卷第5期:489-492.
[17]P.Hemandez J.D.Sandoval F.Puente and F.Perez "Mathematical Model for a Multi-read Anti-collision Protocol",IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications,Computers and signal Processing,Aug 2001,pp.647-650
[18]谢希仁.《计算机网络》第四版.北京:电子工业出版社2003年1月
[19]权冀川,周满珍.系统信息到达流的概率分析.解放军理工大学学报,2001,2(3):67-70
[20]MIT Auto-ID Center.Draft protocol specification for a 900MHz Class 0Radio Frequency Identification Tag.http://auto-id.mit.edu,February 2003
[21]Harald Vogt Department of Computer Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)“Multiple Object Identification with Passive RFID Tags” 2002IEEE SMC TA IR3
[22]Normal Lloyd Johnson and Samuel Kotz.Urn Models and Their Applications.Wiley,1977
[23]余润仙,高爱乃,丁永生.RFID系统中反碰撞处理的排队建模与分析.计算机仿真,2005,22(8):286-288
[24]张井合,吴今培,张其善.非接触式智能卡中防碰撞技术的研究.遥测遥控,2002,23(5):42-47
[25]Marcel Jacomet,Adrian Ehrsam,Urs Gehrig University of Applied Sciences Berne Biel School of Engineering and Architecture “Contactless Identification Device With Anticollision Algorithm” http://www.microlab.ch
[26]徐惠民.单片微型计算机接口及应用.北京邮电出版社,2000:68-81
[27]Law,C.Lee,K.and Siu K.Y.“Efficient Memory-less Protocol for Tag Identification”.In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Discrete Algorithms and Methods for Mobile Computing and Communications Boston,Massachusetts,August2000,75-84.
[2]谢勇,彭涛.RFID标签--可以取代条形码的高新技术.包装工程,1999,(5):17-19
[3]程晨.浅谈射频识别技术在中国的发展.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(6):5-8
[4]张有光,杜万,张秀春,杨子强.ISO RFID标准体系中的数据协议功能分析.中国标准化,2006,(4):65-66
[5]张秋英.智能标签取代条码.工厂管理,2003,(8):56-57
[6]李元忠.射频识别技术及其在交通领域的应用.电讯技术,2002,(5):5-9
[7]Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术.无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张利华,朱灿焰,张其善.智能卡及其应用技术研究.微型机与应用,2002,(12):4-6
[9]Small D.The potential of RFID is finally areality.Industrial Engineering,1992,24(10):46-57
[10]王璐,秦汝祥,贾群.基于RFID技术的门禁监控系统.微机发展,2003,13(11):59-63
[11]婷月.商业领域中的RFID技术.现代通信,2003,(7):31-32
[12]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.《MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用》.清华大学出版社2004年11月
[13]吴春华,陈军,动态ALOHA法在解决RFID反碰撞问题中的应用.《电子器件》,2003年2月
[14]安治永,李应红,张百灵,陈学江.射频识别系统的多目标识别-反碰撞算法.火力与指挥控制,2006,31(4):39-41
[15]李景涛.射频识别(RFID)技术及其应用.信息技术快报,2004,19(11):1-10
[16]胡建斌,李强,阂昊.时隙ALOHA法在RED系统防碰撞问题中的应用.应用科学学报.2005年9月,第23卷第5期:489-492.
[17]P.Hemandez J.D.Sandoval F.Puente and F.Perez "Mathematical Model for a Multi-read Anti-collision Protocol",IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications,Computers and signal Processing,Aug 2001,pp.647-650
[18]谢希仁.《计算机网络》第四版.北京:电子工业出版社2003年1月
[19]权冀川,周满珍.系统信息到达流的概率分析.解放军理工大学学报,2001,2(3):67-70
[20]MIT Auto-ID Center.Draft protocol specification for a 900MHz Class 0Radio Frequency Identification Tag.http://auto-id.mit.edu,February 2003
[21]Harald Vogt Department of Computer Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)“Multiple Object Identification with Passive RFID Tags” 2002IEEE SMC TA IR3
[22]Normal Lloyd Johnson and Samuel Kotz.Urn Models and Their Applications.Wiley,1977
[23]余润仙,高爱乃,丁永生.RFID系统中反碰撞处理的排队建模与分析.计算机仿真,2005,22(8):286-288
[24]张井合,吴今培,张其善.非接触式智能卡中防碰撞技术的研究.遥测遥控,2002,23(5):42-47
[25]Marcel Jacomet,Adrian Ehrsam,Urs Gehrig University of Applied Sciences Berne Biel School of Engineering and Architecture “Contactless Identification Device With Anticollision Algorithm” http://www.microlab.ch
[26]徐惠民.单片微型计算机接口及应用.北京邮电出版社,2000:68-81
[27]Law,C.Lee,K.and Siu K.Y.“Efficient Memory-less Protocol for Tag Identification”.In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Discrete Algorithms and Methods for Mobile Computing and Communications Boston,Massachusetts,August2000,75-84.