基于遥感的土壤风蚀模型研究与应用
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摘要
我国干旱和半干旱区域面积较大,是全球受土壤风蚀侵袭最为严重的国家之一。定量评价区域土壤风蚀状况对地区生态规划建设、经济发展,以及正常生产生活意义重大。国内外学者在土壤风蚀模型方面做了大量研究,但多集中于田块尺度,在大尺度风蚀快速估算方面的研究和应用却不多。因此本文以土壤风蚀危害极为严重的新疆生产建设兵团农一师垦区为例,在前人模型研究的基础上,建立了适于干旱区的大尺度土壤风蚀快速估算模型,并利用DTGIS平台开发出一套基于遥感的风蚀模型软件系统,为快速定量监测土壤风蚀量和风蚀规律研究提供参考,同时也为风蚀快速估算技术体系在全国范围内的推广和应用提供借鉴。研究成果如下：
(1)在对比分析国内外土壤风蚀模型的基础上,选取风洞实验模型为基础模型,结合研究区实际情况,加入土壤含水量因子、土壤粒径因子以及风蚀措施因子,对模型进行修正。(2)通过对研究区2010年土壤风蚀模型模拟结果和实际测量结果的对比分析,验证了模型的准确度,最终确定修正后的土壤风蚀模型适合在新疆生产建设兵团农一师垦区应用。(3)系统地总结了模型各因子(风力因子、地表粗糙度因子、植被盖度因子、土壤含水量因子、土壤粒径因子、风蚀措施因子)监测、计算、提取和空间描述的方法与技术体系,各因子的栅格数据能够为模型运行提供数据支撑。(4)以修正模型为基础,构建出一款基于栅格叠加运算思想的C/S架构风蚀模型软件系统。将获取的各风蚀影响因子栅格数据输入模型软件,可以从时间和空间两个层面上,快速得到风蚀模数大小及风蚀强度分级结果,方便、快捷地定量监测区域土壤风蚀状况。(5)对模型结果的初步分析表明：2010年新疆兵团农一师垦区土壤风蚀模数呈现出沙地>耕地>林草地的规律；土壤风蚀呈现出发生月份集中,风蚀量大的特点。因此,采取保护性耕作措施以及遏制沙地扩张对该地区防治土壤风蚀危害、改善生态环境至关重要。
China is one of the countries which were worst affected by wind erosion, for its large arid and semi-arid areas. Quantitative evaluation of wind erosion in an area is essential for overall ecology planning, economic development, production and life. Many scholars have made a lot of researches on the wind erosion model, but there is still much faultiness in theories and applications of rapid estimation of wind erosion in large-scale regions.
Taking Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as a typical region, this paper establish a rapid estimation model of large-scale wind erosion in arid areas, and construct a software system of wind erosion, based on remote sensing, in order to offer some reference for research on rapid estimation model and rules of wind erosion, and provide important basis for the generalization and application of rapid estimation technique. To be specific, the principal achievements of this thesis are as follows:
(1)In comparison with the wind erosion models all over the world, we select the model of wind tunnel experiments for the base model. According to the actual condition of study area, we add the factors of soil moisture, soil particle size and wind erosion measures, in order to modify the model.
(2)Based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of the wind erosion amount of soil in 2010, wind erosion prediction model are verified. After compared and analyzed, it shows that the results of simulation agree well with that of tests, so the practicability and credibility of the model is verified, the correcting model can be used in the area of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
(3)Systemically summarizes the methods and techniques of monitoring, calculation, extraction and spatial description of the model factors (wind, surface roughness, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, soil particle size, wind erosion measurement), and find that the raster data can provide support for wind erosion prediction model.
(4)Based on the correcting model and the idea of raster overlay operations, a C/S software system of wind erosion is built up. After inputting the raster data of all factors to the modeling system, we will quickly obtain the spatial and temporal change of wind erosion modulus and wind erosion intensity classification, to monitor the conditions of regional wind erosion quantitatively and easily.
(5)The results of simulation show that the wind erosion amount of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has an obvious law:sand>cultivated land>grassland. The occurrence of wind erosion concentrated in the specific month, and the wind erosion amount is large. Therefore, the conservation tillage measures and the arrestment of sand expansion is essential for the prevention and cure of wind erosion and the improvement of Ecological Environment in the area of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
(1)在对比分析国内外土壤风蚀模型的基础上,选取风洞实验模型为基础模型,结合研究区实际情况,加入土壤含水量因子、土壤粒径因子以及风蚀措施因子,对模型进行修正。(2)通过对研究区2010年土壤风蚀模型模拟结果和实际测量结果的对比分析,验证了模型的准确度,最终确定修正后的土壤风蚀模型适合在新疆生产建设兵团农一师垦区应用。(3)系统地总结了模型各因子(风力因子、地表粗糙度因子、植被盖度因子、土壤含水量因子、土壤粒径因子、风蚀措施因子)监测、计算、提取和空间描述的方法与技术体系,各因子的栅格数据能够为模型运行提供数据支撑。(4)以修正模型为基础,构建出一款基于栅格叠加运算思想的C/S架构风蚀模型软件系统。将获取的各风蚀影响因子栅格数据输入模型软件,可以从时间和空间两个层面上,快速得到风蚀模数大小及风蚀强度分级结果,方便、快捷地定量监测区域土壤风蚀状况。(5)对模型结果的初步分析表明：2010年新疆兵团农一师垦区土壤风蚀模数呈现出沙地>耕地>林草地的规律；土壤风蚀呈现出发生月份集中,风蚀量大的特点。因此,采取保护性耕作措施以及遏制沙地扩张对该地区防治土壤风蚀危害、改善生态环境至关重要。
China is one of the countries which were worst affected by wind erosion, for its large arid and semi-arid areas. Quantitative evaluation of wind erosion in an area is essential for overall ecology planning, economic development, production and life. Many scholars have made a lot of researches on the wind erosion model, but there is still much faultiness in theories and applications of rapid estimation of wind erosion in large-scale regions.
Taking Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as a typical region, this paper establish a rapid estimation model of large-scale wind erosion in arid areas, and construct a software system of wind erosion, based on remote sensing, in order to offer some reference for research on rapid estimation model and rules of wind erosion, and provide important basis for the generalization and application of rapid estimation technique. To be specific, the principal achievements of this thesis are as follows:
(1)In comparison with the wind erosion models all over the world, we select the model of wind tunnel experiments for the base model. According to the actual condition of study area, we add the factors of soil moisture, soil particle size and wind erosion measures, in order to modify the model.
(2)Based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of the wind erosion amount of soil in 2010, wind erosion prediction model are verified. After compared and analyzed, it shows that the results of simulation agree well with that of tests, so the practicability and credibility of the model is verified, the correcting model can be used in the area of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
(3)Systemically summarizes the methods and techniques of monitoring, calculation, extraction and spatial description of the model factors (wind, surface roughness, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, soil particle size, wind erosion measurement), and find that the raster data can provide support for wind erosion prediction model.
(4)Based on the correcting model and the idea of raster overlay operations, a C/S software system of wind erosion is built up. After inputting the raster data of all factors to the modeling system, we will quickly obtain the spatial and temporal change of wind erosion modulus and wind erosion intensity classification, to monitor the conditions of regional wind erosion quantitatively and easily.
(5)The results of simulation show that the wind erosion amount of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has an obvious law:sand>cultivated land>grassland. The occurrence of wind erosion concentrated in the specific month, and the wind erosion amount is large. Therefore, the conservation tillage measures and the arrestment of sand expansion is essential for the prevention and cure of wind erosion and the improvement of Ecological Environment in the area of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
引文
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