连拱隧道渗漏水病害机理与防治技术研究
|
摘要
随着交通建设的发展，建设了大量的隧道工程，对于一些特殊地段，为了改善公路线型、节省占地、节省工程投资等，也出现了大量的连拱隧道，由于地质条件复杂，施工对地层的扰动以及防排水措施不到位等原因，使得渗漏水成了隧道工程中最常见的病害之一，所谓“十隧九漏”形象地说明了这一点，而连拱隧道，特别是整体式连拱隧道，其渗漏水的病害尤为严重。本文以浙江杭徽高速公路隧道群和金丽温高速公路隧道群为依托工程，通过理论分析、调查研究、模型试验以及数值模拟等方法，对连拱隧道渗漏水病害形成机理及防治技术进行了较为系统深入的研究，其主要的研究内容和成果如下：
①通过现场调研，根据连拱隧道渗漏水发生的位置进行了分类，发现连拱隧道渗漏水主要集中在中隔墙、“三缝”、洞口处、二衬表面也出现了面状的渗漏水，以点状、面状渗漏为主，不同隧道其渗漏量大小不一样。
②在现场调研的基础上和对渗漏水成因、特点进行了分析，对连拱隧道渗漏水病害影响因素进行了研究，主要包括：
（1）利用改进的AHP，对引起连拱隧道渗漏水的18个因素进行了研究，分析了每个影响因素的重要程度，结果表明结构形式是影响连拱隧道渗漏水的最主要因素。
（2）分析了降雨及地下水位变化对连拱隧道渗漏水的影响，推导了连拱隧道衬砌裂缝、点渗、面渗、施工缝的渗漏水量计算公式，结果表明渗漏水量随着地下水位的升高而增大，随着衬砌厚度的增加而减小，裂缝渗漏量随着其宽度增大而增大，面渗漏量随着面半径的增大而增大。
（3）采用大型有限元分析软件，模拟了连拱隧道施工对隧道围岩渗流场的影响以及施工力学响应规律，研究结果表明隧道开挖后渗水多发生的部位主要集中在拱部、边墙、中隔墙墙顶与左右洞接触处，中隔墙与仰拱接触处，这些区域也是隧道施工中产生渗漏水的部位，应在实际工程设计和施工中，特别注意这几个部位防水措施的改进，给渗漏水病害的防治提供理论依据。
（4）根据隧道围岩内部与地下水物理化学反应情况，建立物理化学数学规划模型，利用单纯性Monte Carlo法求其解，结果表明连拱隧道周围地下水对围岩的侵蚀程度，岩石侵蚀越大，地下水在岩石中的通道就越好，越容易形成渗漏水的病害。
（5）通过对隧道冻胀现象的研究，构建了连拱隧道背后缺陷冻胀力的大小与连拱隧道围岩体和衬砌结构的刚度比关系，结果表明连拱隧道背后缺陷冻胀压力还与缺陷的尺寸和充水体的大小有量级的关系，缺陷的尺寸和充水体越大，冻胀力也就越大。
（6）提出了隐块体对连拱隧道渗漏水的影响，得出了隐块体变形和位移的周期非常缓慢，在达到自身新的平衡和应力的释放导致了二衬、防水板等的破坏，并且导致二衬裂缝的产生，这种裂缝势必进一步发展，损毁防水板等设施，产生渗漏水病害。
③利用大型有限元软件Midas/GTS对整体式连拱隧道营运阶段渗漏水进行三维数值模拟，在不同的地下水位作用和连拱隧道防排水体系正常情况下，对中隔墙排水管、施工缝、衬砌点的渗漏水规律进行了数值模拟，研究表明地下水位越高，对其连拱隧道运营越为不利，表现出了渗漏水部位较大的渗漏水驱动力和较明显的水头损失；连拱隧道靠山体一侧的地下水补给对渗漏水影响比较严重，靠山一侧的施工缝渗漏、衬砌点渗漏比较严重，其部位处的水力坡降较大，其渗漏水量较大。应加强此部位的防排水施工及防排水措施的改进。
④通过模型试验，探讨了裂隙中七种不同含水填充物对探地雷达探测信号的影响，研究表明水和含水率高的裂隙填充物对探地雷达波的反射越强烈，反射波强度越大；通过现场探测实验，利用MATLAB编程及小波分析实现对探地雷达数据的转换和对图谱特征的可视化，并对各种裂隙模型图谱进行三维模拟，为连拱隧道渗漏水防治与防排水设计和施工提供一定的依据。
⑤根据连拱隧道渗漏水病害形成机理的探讨，提出了连拱隧道因设计、施工、降雨、冻胀、隐块体等引起渗漏水病害的防治技术措施，然后对依托工程营运连拱隧道渗漏水防治提出了具体的技术措施与施工工艺，其治理技术可行，治理效果良好。
A number of tunnels have been built with the development of transportation. Andfor some special location, in order to improve the line type, save space and save theproject cost and so on, the multiple-archtunnels have appeared. Due to the reasons aboutthe complex geological conditions, the disturbance of construction and the loss ofwaterproof measure, the seepage has become the one of general diseases of tunnelprojects, what is called “Nine seepage tunnels in ten tunnels” indicated this meaningvividly. But the multiple-archtunnel, especially for the integrated multiple-archtunnel,has very bad seepage disease. Based on the expressways from Hang Zhou to An Huiand from Jin Hua to Wen Zhou, the researches on the seepage mechanism and theprevention have been carried out in terms of the theories, the investigations, the modeltest and the numerical simulation systematically. The main study contents and resultsare as follows:
①The seepage type has been classified based on the field tests and the seepagelocations of multiple-archtunnel. The seepage location mainly concentrates on themiddle wall, the slots and the entrance, and at the surface of second liner the seepagehas existed; the seepage types are mainly point type and face type, the magnitude ofseepage inflow is different for different tunnel.
②the causes of formation and the properties of seepage have been analyzedbased on the field tests, and the impact factors of seepage disease have been also studiedas follows:
(1) By the advanced AHP, there eighteen factors inducing seepage have beenstudied, and the significance analysis has indicated that the type of multiple-archtunnelis the main factor inducing seepage.
(2) Analyzed the effect of rainfall and groundwater level on the seepage ofmultiple-archtunnel, and derived the equations of seepage inflow related to the crack onthe liner, the point type of seepage, the face type of seepage and the construction joint;the results have indicated that the seepage inflow will increase with increasing thegroundwater level, and decrease with increasing the thickness of liner; the seepageinflow related to the crack will become large with increasing the width of crack and theface inflow of seepage will become large with increasing the radius magnitude of face.
(3) Used the finite element software to simulate the effect of construction on the seepage field and the rule of construction mechanics response; the results have indicatedthat, after excavation, the seepage occurs at the crown, the side wall, the top of middlewall, the joint between two tunnels and the joint between middle wall and invertgenerally. When constructing the tunnel, the seepage will also occur at these locations,so the waterproof measures should be improved at these locations when designing andconstructing tunnel, which will provide the theoretical proof to the prevention fromseepage disease.
(4) Based on the physical-chemical reaction of groundwater in ground, thephysical-chemical mathematical programming model has been established, and then thesimple Monte Carlo method has been used to solve this problem, the results havedescribed the eroded grade of rock by the groundwater around tunnel, the more seriousthe rock has been eroded, the better the passage for the groundwater is in the rock, andthe more easily the seepage disease occurs.
(5) By studying the frost heave in tunnel, the relationship between the fault frostheave force behind multiple-archtunnel and the stiffness rate of rock stiffness to linerstiffness has been established; the results have indicated that the fault frost heave forcebehind multiple-archtunnel related to the size of the fault and the filled mass by water,and with increasing the size, the frost heave force will become larger.
(6) Proposed the effect of hidden block on the seepage of multiple-archtunnel, andobtained that the period of the deformation and the displacement of hidden block is verylong; and induced the destruction of second liner and flashing due to self-balance andstress release, finally, the seepage occurs.
③The seepage has been simulated by the finite element software Midas/GTS atthe working period of the integrated multiple-archtunnel. For the different groundwaterlevel and the good drain and waterproof systems, the drainage pipe, the constructionjoint and the seepage rule of liner have been simulated numerically; the study hasindicated that the higher the groundwater level is, the more disadvantage it is to theworking of multiple-archtunnel, the seepage drive force and the loss of total head haveappeared at the seepage location. The effect of groundwater replenishment near the hillis more significant on the seepage, and the seepage induced by construction joint andthe point seepage on the liner is more serious; the hydraulic gradient is larger and thenthe seepage inflow is larger at these locations. The drain-waterproof construction andthe drain-waterproof measure should be improved at these locations.
④Investigated the effect of seven types of filled materials by water on the radar signal by the model test, and indicated that the higher the rate of water content of thefilled material is, the stronger the reflection to the wave is and the larger the intensity ofreflection wave is; based on the field test, the small wave data have been transformedand the properties of atlases have been visualized by MATLAB and small wave analysis,and simulated the various crack atlases by the three-dimensional model, which haveprovided the proof to the leakage prevention, the leakage design and the leakageconstruction.
⑤From the discussion about seepage mechanism of multiple-archtunnel, theprevention measures from seepage induced by the construction, the rainfall, the frostheave and the hidden block have been proposed, and then the practical technicalmeasures and the construction process have also been proposed for the seepageprevention of multiple-archtunnel depended by this study; the treatment measures arefeasible and the results are well.
①通过现场调研，根据连拱隧道渗漏水发生的位置进行了分类，发现连拱隧道渗漏水主要集中在中隔墙、“三缝”、洞口处、二衬表面也出现了面状的渗漏水，以点状、面状渗漏为主，不同隧道其渗漏量大小不一样。
②在现场调研的基础上和对渗漏水成因、特点进行了分析，对连拱隧道渗漏水病害影响因素进行了研究，主要包括：
（1）利用改进的AHP，对引起连拱隧道渗漏水的18个因素进行了研究，分析了每个影响因素的重要程度，结果表明结构形式是影响连拱隧道渗漏水的最主要因素。
（2）分析了降雨及地下水位变化对连拱隧道渗漏水的影响，推导了连拱隧道衬砌裂缝、点渗、面渗、施工缝的渗漏水量计算公式，结果表明渗漏水量随着地下水位的升高而增大，随着衬砌厚度的增加而减小，裂缝渗漏量随着其宽度增大而增大，面渗漏量随着面半径的增大而增大。
（3）采用大型有限元分析软件，模拟了连拱隧道施工对隧道围岩渗流场的影响以及施工力学响应规律，研究结果表明隧道开挖后渗水多发生的部位主要集中在拱部、边墙、中隔墙墙顶与左右洞接触处，中隔墙与仰拱接触处，这些区域也是隧道施工中产生渗漏水的部位，应在实际工程设计和施工中，特别注意这几个部位防水措施的改进，给渗漏水病害的防治提供理论依据。
（4）根据隧道围岩内部与地下水物理化学反应情况，建立物理化学数学规划模型，利用单纯性Monte Carlo法求其解，结果表明连拱隧道周围地下水对围岩的侵蚀程度，岩石侵蚀越大，地下水在岩石中的通道就越好，越容易形成渗漏水的病害。
（5）通过对隧道冻胀现象的研究，构建了连拱隧道背后缺陷冻胀力的大小与连拱隧道围岩体和衬砌结构的刚度比关系，结果表明连拱隧道背后缺陷冻胀压力还与缺陷的尺寸和充水体的大小有量级的关系，缺陷的尺寸和充水体越大，冻胀力也就越大。
（6）提出了隐块体对连拱隧道渗漏水的影响，得出了隐块体变形和位移的周期非常缓慢，在达到自身新的平衡和应力的释放导致了二衬、防水板等的破坏，并且导致二衬裂缝的产生，这种裂缝势必进一步发展，损毁防水板等设施，产生渗漏水病害。
③利用大型有限元软件Midas/GTS对整体式连拱隧道营运阶段渗漏水进行三维数值模拟，在不同的地下水位作用和连拱隧道防排水体系正常情况下，对中隔墙排水管、施工缝、衬砌点的渗漏水规律进行了数值模拟，研究表明地下水位越高，对其连拱隧道运营越为不利，表现出了渗漏水部位较大的渗漏水驱动力和较明显的水头损失；连拱隧道靠山体一侧的地下水补给对渗漏水影响比较严重，靠山一侧的施工缝渗漏、衬砌点渗漏比较严重，其部位处的水力坡降较大，其渗漏水量较大。应加强此部位的防排水施工及防排水措施的改进。
④通过模型试验，探讨了裂隙中七种不同含水填充物对探地雷达探测信号的影响，研究表明水和含水率高的裂隙填充物对探地雷达波的反射越强烈，反射波强度越大；通过现场探测实验，利用MATLAB编程及小波分析实现对探地雷达数据的转换和对图谱特征的可视化，并对各种裂隙模型图谱进行三维模拟，为连拱隧道渗漏水防治与防排水设计和施工提供一定的依据。
⑤根据连拱隧道渗漏水病害形成机理的探讨，提出了连拱隧道因设计、施工、降雨、冻胀、隐块体等引起渗漏水病害的防治技术措施，然后对依托工程营运连拱隧道渗漏水防治提出了具体的技术措施与施工工艺，其治理技术可行，治理效果良好。
A number of tunnels have been built with the development of transportation. Andfor some special location, in order to improve the line type, save space and save theproject cost and so on, the multiple-archtunnels have appeared. Due to the reasons aboutthe complex geological conditions, the disturbance of construction and the loss ofwaterproof measure, the seepage has become the one of general diseases of tunnelprojects, what is called “Nine seepage tunnels in ten tunnels” indicated this meaningvividly. But the multiple-archtunnel, especially for the integrated multiple-archtunnel,has very bad seepage disease. Based on the expressways from Hang Zhou to An Huiand from Jin Hua to Wen Zhou, the researches on the seepage mechanism and theprevention have been carried out in terms of the theories, the investigations, the modeltest and the numerical simulation systematically. The main study contents and resultsare as follows:
①The seepage type has been classified based on the field tests and the seepagelocations of multiple-archtunnel. The seepage location mainly concentrates on themiddle wall, the slots and the entrance, and at the surface of second liner the seepagehas existed; the seepage types are mainly point type and face type, the magnitude ofseepage inflow is different for different tunnel.
②the causes of formation and the properties of seepage have been analyzedbased on the field tests, and the impact factors of seepage disease have been also studiedas follows:
(1) By the advanced AHP, there eighteen factors inducing seepage have beenstudied, and the significance analysis has indicated that the type of multiple-archtunnelis the main factor inducing seepage.
(2) Analyzed the effect of rainfall and groundwater level on the seepage ofmultiple-archtunnel, and derived the equations of seepage inflow related to the crack onthe liner, the point type of seepage, the face type of seepage and the construction joint;the results have indicated that the seepage inflow will increase with increasing thegroundwater level, and decrease with increasing the thickness of liner; the seepageinflow related to the crack will become large with increasing the width of crack and theface inflow of seepage will become large with increasing the radius magnitude of face.
(3) Used the finite element software to simulate the effect of construction on the seepage field and the rule of construction mechanics response; the results have indicatedthat, after excavation, the seepage occurs at the crown, the side wall, the top of middlewall, the joint between two tunnels and the joint between middle wall and invertgenerally. When constructing the tunnel, the seepage will also occur at these locations,so the waterproof measures should be improved at these locations when designing andconstructing tunnel, which will provide the theoretical proof to the prevention fromseepage disease.
(4) Based on the physical-chemical reaction of groundwater in ground, thephysical-chemical mathematical programming model has been established, and then thesimple Monte Carlo method has been used to solve this problem, the results havedescribed the eroded grade of rock by the groundwater around tunnel, the more seriousthe rock has been eroded, the better the passage for the groundwater is in the rock, andthe more easily the seepage disease occurs.
(5) By studying the frost heave in tunnel, the relationship between the fault frostheave force behind multiple-archtunnel and the stiffness rate of rock stiffness to linerstiffness has been established; the results have indicated that the fault frost heave forcebehind multiple-archtunnel related to the size of the fault and the filled mass by water,and with increasing the size, the frost heave force will become larger.
(6) Proposed the effect of hidden block on the seepage of multiple-archtunnel, andobtained that the period of the deformation and the displacement of hidden block is verylong; and induced the destruction of second liner and flashing due to self-balance andstress release, finally, the seepage occurs.
③The seepage has been simulated by the finite element software Midas/GTS atthe working period of the integrated multiple-archtunnel. For the different groundwaterlevel and the good drain and waterproof systems, the drainage pipe, the constructionjoint and the seepage rule of liner have been simulated numerically; the study hasindicated that the higher the groundwater level is, the more disadvantage it is to theworking of multiple-archtunnel, the seepage drive force and the loss of total head haveappeared at the seepage location. The effect of groundwater replenishment near the hillis more significant on the seepage, and the seepage induced by construction joint andthe point seepage on the liner is more serious; the hydraulic gradient is larger and thenthe seepage inflow is larger at these locations. The drain-waterproof construction andthe drain-waterproof measure should be improved at these locations.
④Investigated the effect of seven types of filled materials by water on the radar signal by the model test, and indicated that the higher the rate of water content of thefilled material is, the stronger the reflection to the wave is and the larger the intensity ofreflection wave is; based on the field test, the small wave data have been transformedand the properties of atlases have been visualized by MATLAB and small wave analysis,and simulated the various crack atlases by the three-dimensional model, which haveprovided the proof to the leakage prevention, the leakage design and the leakageconstruction.
⑤From the discussion about seepage mechanism of multiple-archtunnel, theprevention measures from seepage induced by the construction, the rainfall, the frostheave and the hidden block have been proposed, and then the practical technicalmeasures and the construction process have also been proposed for the seepageprevention of multiple-archtunnel depended by this study; the treatment measures arefeasible and the results are well.
引文
[1]杨其新,刘东民,盛草樱等.隧道及地下工程防水失效性分析[J].中国建筑防地下与隧道防水,2008(4):22-26.
[2]周小平,钱七虎.深埋巷道分区破裂化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5)：877-885.
[3]曾恕辉,付超.双连拱公路隧道施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2002,(5):31-33
[4]臧万军,高雄鹰.隧道工程防水问题浅析[J].四川建筑,2005,25(3):89-90.
[5]李地元,李夕兵,张伟等.裂隙岩体渗流模型研究现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2008,35(2)：1-4.
[6]刘新荣,黄明,祝云华等.锚杆支护下深埋圆形洞室塑性区半径的近似解[J].重庆大学学报(自然),200834(5)：573-576.
[7]钟祖良,刘新荣,袁飞等.仰拱一次性开挖长度对黄土连拱隧道稳定性影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):462-466.
[8]刘先珊,刘新荣.裂隙岩体非稳定渗流的离散-连续介质模型[J].煤炭学报,2007.32(9)：921-925.
[9] Zhang Xuefu,Zhang Yaonan.Study of the function of the insulation layer for treating waterleakage in permafrost tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006(21):656–667.
[10]蒲春平,孙耀南.隧道与地下工程渗漏水现状及其防治措施综述[J].世界隧道,1999,22(l):45-49.
[11]卢照伟.公路双连拱隧道常见病害防治[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(12):178-180.
[12]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山隧道渗漏水综合治理技的研究中国铁路[J].2000,2(5):414-420.
[13]徐发俊.洋条公路隧道病害分析和整治[J].隧道及地下工程,1995,16(2)：48—52.
[14]韩忠存,张文强.隧道渗漏水病害的预防及治理[J].公路学报,2005(4)：87-92.
[15]许和平．对南昆线隧道衬砌渗漏水整治的思考．铁道工程学报[J].1999(2)：68-71.
[16]关宝树.隧道工程维修管理要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[17]陈吉森.金丽温高速公路某连拱隧道渗漏水防治研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(2):64-67
[18]黄镇南.论隧道病害的成因与整治[J].铁道建筑,2004(2):27-29.
[19]韩常领,李英,王万平.公路隧道渗漏水整治对策[J].公路学报,2008,(7)：238-240.
[20]魏红.公路隧道渗漏水的成因及处治方法[J].隧机械&施工技术,2008,12(4):72-77
[21] Shigekazu Seki,Shinobu Kaise,Yasutaka Morisaki,etal.Modeex Periments for examiningheaving Phenomenonin tunnels.Tunnelling and Underground Spaee Teehnology,2008,(23):128-138.
[22] ToshihiroAsakura,YoshiyukiKojima.Tunnel main tenaneein Japan Tunnel lingandUnderground Spaee Teehnology,2003,(18):161-169.
[23] Chi-TeChang,Ming-JungWang,Chien-TzenChang,etal.Repairodis Plaeed shield tunnel of theTai Peira Pidtransit system.Tunnel lingand Underground Spaee Teehnology,2001,(16):167-173.
[24] R.Laekner,H.A.Mang.Craekingin shoterete tunnelshells.Engineering Fraeture Meehanies.2003,70:1047-1068.
[25] Huang, Hong-Wei (Dept. of Geotechnical Eng,Tongji Univ.); Liu, Yu-Jian; Xie,Xiong-YaoApplication of GPR to grouting distribution behind segment in shield tunnel. Source:Yantu.Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics,v24,n SUPPL.2,October,2003,p353-356.
[26] F. Hage Chehade, I. Shahrour. Numerical analysis of the interaction between twin-tunnels:Influence of the relative position and construction procedure[J]. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2008,(23):210-214.
[27] Jin Yoshimuraetal.Design for frost Preventionin road tunnels:Sim Plified design method forinsulat or between the outer and innerlinings.Proe.of the Int.Congressontuel and UndergroundWorks dayand Future.1990.
[28] Michitsugu Ikuma. Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel[J]. Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2005,(20):143-149.
[29] Richards J A.Inspection,maintenance and repair of tunnels[J]. International Lessons andPractice,Tunnelling and Un derground Space Technology,1998,13(4):369-375.
[30] Y.-M. Hsieh, A.J. Whittle. A computational strategy for solving three-dimensional tunnelexcavation problems[J].Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics.2003,324-328.
[31] Bin-Lin Chu, Sung-Chi Hsu, Yi-Long Chang, et al. Mechanical behavior of a twin-tunnel inmulti-layered formation[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,(22):351–362.
[32] Shao-Ming Liao, Fang-Le Peng, Shui-Long Shen. Analysis of shearing effect on tunnelinduced by load transfer along longitudinal direction[J]. Tunnelling and Underground paceTechnology.2008(23):421-430.
[33] C.J. Lee, B.R. Wu, H.T. Chen. Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in softclayey soil[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006(21):119-132.
[34] E.G. Youngs, A.R. Kacimov, Yu.V. Obnosov. Water exclusion from saturated capillaryfringe[J].Advances in Water Resources2004tunnel cavities in the(27):237-243.
[35] Hirohisa Kamata, Hideto Mashimo. Centrifuge model test of tunnel face reinforcement bybolting[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2003(18):205-212.
[36]李德宏.联拱隧道施工监测与分析[J].现代隧道技术,2002,(1):59-64.
[37]邓江.猫山公路隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[38]王军.不对称连拱随道现场监测与分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004.23(2):267-271.
[39]翟朝晖.连体随道新施工方法浅谈[J].西部探矿工程,2003,(6):90-92.
[40]林刚,何川.双连拱随道合理施工方法试验研究[A].2003年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,106-112.
[41]余晓琳,彭立敏,乐小刚等.连拱隧道断面优化设计模型及其应用[A].城市交通隧道工程最新技术一2003上海国际随道工程研讨会论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2003.
[42]余晓琳,黄小华,彭立敏.软弱围岩条件下连拱随道施工阶段的受力分析[J].西部探矿工程,2002,14(4):66-68.
[43]佘健,何川,林刚.连拱隧道二次衬砌在软弱围宕中的力学行为研究[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.现代隧道技术,2004年增刊:312-331.
[44]赵阳,张争鹤.偏压连拱隧道不同开挖方法的模拟分析[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届跪道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集,现代隧道技术,2004年增刊:322-326.
[45]冯升,吕康成.连拱隧道与小净距隧道施工过程数值模拟分析[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.现代隧道技术.2004年增刊:332-337.
[46]周意志.双连拱随道渗漏灾害及其防治措施[J].西部探矿工程,2004,(10):116-117
[47]秦峰,吴存兴.小净距隧道开挖方法浅论[J].现代隧道技术,2003,(6):39-42
[48]陈少华,刘伟.小净距隧道的结构受力特点及工程措施[A].国际隧道研讨会暨公路建设技术交流大会论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.168一173
[49]姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路连拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[50] Zhang Xuefu, Xiao Jianzhang, Zhang Yaonan, etc. Study of the function of the insulationlayer for treating water leakage in permafrost tunnels[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2007(27):637–645.
[51]赵国旗.铁路隧道衬砌开裂病害整治方法初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):385-389.
[52]李武,朱合华.拱隧道典型裂缝、渗漏水病害调查与分析研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(2):581-584.
[53]苏生瑞,朱合华,李国峰.连拱隧道衬砌病害及其处治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(sup):2510-2515.
[54]钭逢光、刘新荣、石建勋等.杭徽高速公路连拱隧道渗漏水分析及治理[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(4):764-769.
[55]刘庭金,朱合华,夏才初等.云南省连拱隧道衬砌开裂和渗漏水调查结果及分析[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(2):64-67.
[56]王道良.整体式连拱隧道渗漏水机理与防排水措施研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2010.6.
[57]卓越,吴全立,沈晓伟.连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理[J].隧道建设,2004,24(4):52-55.
[58]畅学.高速公路双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水的防治[J].山西建筑,2004,30(31):125-126.
[59]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山.隧道渗漏水综合治理技术的研究[J].中国铁路,2004,22(2):42-45.
[60]陈礼伟.浅析隧道病害产生的原因[J].隧道建设,2002,24,(2):83-85.
[61]张宏伟.双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2002,6(2):17-18.
[62]日本国营铁路隧道变形调查及整修经验介绍.隧道译丛,1980.
[63]崔玖江.日本隧道与地下工程防水技术[J].中国建筑防水材料,1999,21(4):34-37.
[64]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2001.5.
[65]张连成.公路隧道防排水技术之探讨[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4):86-89.
[66]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与展望[J].地下工程与隧道,1995,2(4):41-84.
[67]王大为,吕康成等.公路隧道渗流分析与涌水量预测[A].2001年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社,2001:2146-2151.
[68]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与前景[J].中国建筑防水,1998:12-15.
[69]刘迎会.公路隧道病害成因机理及防治措施[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2010.6.
[70]朱珍德,孙钧.裂隙岩体的渗流场与损伤场耦合分析模型及其工程应用[J].长江科学院院报,1999,16(5):22-27.
[71]周志芳,王锦国.裂隙介质水动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004.
[72]杨太华.水-裂隙岩体相互作用理论及其应用研究[M].同济大学出版社,1995.6.
[73] Kimball, B.A. Runnels, R.L. Greener, L.J. Quantification of mine-drainage in flows to LittleCottonwood Creek, Utah, using a tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study.Environmental Geology, v40, n11-12,2001:1390-1404.
[74] Molinari, Jorge. Samper, Javier. Junes, Ruben. Numerical modelling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks. EngineeringGeology, v64, n4, June,2002:369-386.
[75]陈建勋等.寒冷地区公路隧道防冻隔温层效果现场测试与分析[J].公路学报.2001,14(4):89-93.
[76]吕康成等.寒区隧道春融期渗漏水原因分析及预防方法[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(4)：:129-132.
[77]耿克勤.复合岩基的渗流、力学及其耦合分析研究及工程应用[D].清华大学博士论文,1994.4.
[78]盛金昌等.裂隙岩体随机渗流模型及数值分析[J].重庆大学学报（自然科学版）,2000,23（增刊）:55-57.
[79]郭玉龙.渗流与应力耦合作用对边坡稳定性影响的研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005.6.
[80]郑宏.关于岩土工程有限元分析中的若干问题[J].岩土力学,1995,16(3):549-554.
[81]王媛,徐志英,速宝玉.裂隙岩体渗流与应力耦合分析的四自由度全耦合法[J].水利学报,1998.(7):55-59.
[82]孙广忠,林文祝.结构面闭合变形法则及岩石弹性本构方程[J].地质科学,1983,(2)：81-87.
[83] Goodman R E.不连续岩体中的地质工程方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1980.
[84] Bandits S C, Landsmen A C, Barton N R. Fundamentals of rock joint deformation [J].In.Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech.Abstr,1983,20(6):249-268.
[85] FLORY PJ.Principles of polymer chemistry[M].Newyork:Cornel University Press,1953.
[86] Cuzzelli F, Carrara A, Cardinali M.Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of currenttechniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy Geomorphology [J].1999,31(3):181-261.
[87] Clerici A,Perego S,Tellini C,et al.A GIS-based automated procedure for landslidesusceptibility mapping by the conditional analysis method. Environmental Geology [J].2006,50(6):941-961.
[88]聂洪峰,祁生文,孙进忠,等.重庆市区域稳定性层次分析模糊综合评价[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):409-415.
[89]鲁道洪.基于AHP的模糊综合评判在公路地质灾害的危险性评价[J].四川地质学报2009,29(3):356-400.
[90]荆洪英,张利,闻邦椿.基于层次分析法的产品设计质量权重分配[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(5):712-715.
[91]张卫中,陈从新,张敬东.改进的AHP及其在地灾易发程度分区中的实践[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(2):85-91.
[92]李志厚.连拱隧道病害调查分析[J].中国公路学报,2002,27(3):62-64
[93]纪伟.裂隙岩体渗流等效性及数值模拟研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[94]王媛,速宝玉.单裂隙面渗流特性及等效水力隙宽[J].水科学进展,2002,13(1):61—67.
[95]邬强.齐岳山随道涌水量预测的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[96]黄涛,杨立中.渗流与应力耦合环境下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测研究[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6):76-80.
[97]杨立中,黄涛,等.隧道含水围岩体非均质各向异性渗透特性的研究[A].第三十届国际地质大会铁路地质论文专集,铁道工程学报,1996.
[98] Zhang Zhi-dao. Discussion on underground water treatment and structure design of mountaintunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1995,(1):103-111(in Chinese)
[99]蒋忠信.隧道工程与水环境的相互作用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):121-127.
[100]郭东屏.地下水动力学[M].陕西：陕西科技出版社,1994.
[101]杨金忠,蔡树英,王旭升.地下水运动数学模型[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[102]杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成等.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力祸合分析.岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):489-493.
[103]浙江省杭昱高速公路昌化至昱岭关段(高速公路)第六合同段两阶段施工图设计[R].第四册《隧道》,2003.
[104]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005.
[105] Nourished J. Ayatollah M S.A finite－element method for coupled stress and fluid flowanalysis in fractured rock masses[J].In. Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1982,45(19)：185-193.
[106]张国华,宋军.双跨连拱隧道防排水技术[J].西部探矿工程,2002,22(3):82-84.
[107]揭德萍,彭德潭.浅谈公路隧道的防治水对策[J].湖南交通科技,2001,(1):68-69.
[108]汪海滨.山岭隧道地下水规律及防治方法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2002.6
[109]黄成光.隧道防排水设计及渗漏水病害的防治[J].云南交通科技,2001,17(2):60-62.
[110]杨秋林,文志严.浅谈双连拱隧道的防水治理[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(3):163-164.
[112]周翠英,彭泽英,尚伟等.论岩土工程中水-岩相互作用研究的焦点问题[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):124-128.
[113]中国岩石力学与工程学会锚固与注浆技术委员会编.锚固与注浆技术手册.北京：中国电力出版社,1999.
[114]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.
[115]郑少河,朱维申.裂隙岩体渗流损伤耦合模型的理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):156-159.
[116]朱珍德,张勇,徐卫亚等.高围压高水压条件下大理岩断口微观机理分析与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):44-51.
[117]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[118]重庆市交通科学研究院.公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[119] Holmberg and Person. Design of tunnel perimeter blast hole patterns to prevent to preventrock damage [J].Institution of Mining&Metallurgy.1980,89(6):27-32.
[120] Hooke. Big tunnels in bad rock. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering,v127, n9, September,2001:726-740.
[121] Anon. Recommendations for the treatment of water inflows and outflows in operated underg-round structure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, v4, n3,1989:343-407.
[122] Shaman, John. Temples, Daniel. Duke, Steven. Fordham, Eric. Freeman, Tom. Arrowheadtunnels: Assessing groundwater control measures in a fractured hard rock medium.Proceedings一Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference,2003:296-305.
[123] Meir, David. Unconfined groundwater flow calculation into a tunnel. Journal ofHydrology,v82, n1-2, Nov30,1985:69-75.
[124]毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:中国水利水电出社,2003.
[125] Tsang Y.W.The effect of tortuosity on fluid flow through a single fracture,WaterR.R.Vol.20,No.9.
[126]于布,尹小玲.水力学[M].南京:南京理工大学出社,2003.
[127]荣耀,蔡晓鸿.海底隧道开裂衬砌的渗漏量计算分析[J].南昌工程学院学报,2006,25(3)：7-10
[128]童海涛,宋汉周.水-岩作用系统的随机水文地球化学模拟[J].水科学进展,2004,15(2):211-215.
[129]郑西来,刘洪俊.山东氧化铝场地下水系统的环境地球化学反应模型[J].地球化学,1990,9(3):270-276.
[130]陈芸,高明.水-岩作用模型及其在水-玄武岩反应研究中的应用[J].南京大学学报,1994(1):118-123.
[131] Wong R.H. C, Leung W L, Wang S W. Shear strength studies on rock-link models containingarrayed open joints. Rock Mechanics in National Interest, Ellsworth, Induce and Hensley(ads).2001Sweets&Zealander Lice:843-849.
[132]杨天鸿.岩石破裂过程渗透性质及其与应力耦合作用研究[D].东北大学博士论文,2001.
[133] Kweilin EM,Healy RW. Numerical investigation of steady liquid Water flow in a variablysaturated fracture net work networks[J].Water Resources,1993,29(12):4091-4102.
[134]蒙彦,雷明堂.岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(4):287-290.
[135]朱大力,李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法[J].工程勘察,2000,19(4):18-32.
[136] Hsieh PA,Neumann P.Field determination of the three-dimensional Hydrolyze on ductilitytensor of anisotropy Pie media,theory[J].Water Resour.Res.1985,21(11):1655—1665.
[137]王锦国,周志芳,汤瑞凉,等.水-岩作用线性规划模型与应用研究—以溪洛渡水电工程为例[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):118-122.
[138] J贝尔.多孔介质流体动力学[M].李竞生,陈崇希译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983:140-150.
[139] Vincent, Sean D. Williams, Roy E. Bloomsburg, George L. Groundwater flow patterns in thevicinity of underground openings in unsaturated rock. Journal of Hydrology, v127, n1-4,Oct,1991:1-21.
[140]杨会军,李丰果.深埋长大隧道地下水处理技术[J].岩土工程界,2005,9(3):356-343.
[141]周志芳,李艳.复杂岩体地下水运动问题的有限分析法[J].水科学进展,1997,9(3):102-108
[142]张闽湘.昆仑山隧道渗漏水治理方案[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[143]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,1982.
[144]赖远明,吴紫汪,朱元林等.寒区隧道冻胀力的粘弹性解析解[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6):70-74.
[145]王建宇,胡元芳.隧道衬砌冻胀压力问题初探[J].铁道工程学报,2004,81(1)：87-93.
[146]邓刚,王建宇,郑金龙.寒区隧道冻胀压力的约束冻胀模型[J].中国公路学报,2010，23(1)：80-86.
[147]石建勋,刘新荣,刘元锋等.隐块体在连拱隧道工程中引起的灾害[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2199-2203.
[148]王思敬,杨志法,刘竹华.地下工程岩体稳定分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[149]陈乃明,刘宝深.块体理论的发展[J].矿冶工程,199313(4):15-18
[150]盛谦,黄正加,邬爱清.三峡工程地下厂房随机块体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):747-749
[151]肖宽怀,刘浩,孙宇等.地震CT勘探在昆石公路隧道病害诊断中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3)：472-476.
[152]许强,黄润秋,能攀等.边坡岩体块体稳定性分析系统的开发与研究[J].程地质学报2001,9(4):408-413.
[153]怀超.关键块体理论在高速公路连拱隧道围岩稳定性分析中的应用[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[154]谢哗,刘军,李仲伞等.在大型地下开挖中围岩块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):306-311.
[155] Kuszmaul J.S. Goodman R. Evan Analytical Model for Estimating Key blocks Sizes inExcavation Jointed Rock Masses, In: Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, Rotterdam:Blackman,1995:19-26.
[156]姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路连拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005,6.
[157]刘永华.高速公路隧道安全性评价研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[158]李治国.病害隧道调查及裂缝治理技术[J].现代隧道术,2002(sup):441-446.
[159] ITA WG Main tenance and Repair. Report on the damaging effects of water on tunnels duringtheir working life[J].Tunneling and underground space technology,1991,6(1):11-76.
[160]崔京浩.光面爆破[J].工程力学,2003(增刊):032-044.
[161]朱汉华,尚岳全等,公路隧道设计与施工新法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002．
[162]王春梅.日本公路隧道的恶化状况及防治对策[J].世界隧道,1997,6(6):29-33.
[163] YEE K S.Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell'sequations in isotropic Media [J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Pro-pagate,1966,14:302-330.
[164] CARCIONE Graduation patterns for2-D GPR forward modeling [J]. Geophysics,1998,63(2):424-448.
[165]张鸿飞,程效军,高攀等.隧道衬砌空洞探地雷达图谱正演模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2810-2842.
[166]王复明,张鸿飞,张蓓等.地质雷达在公路隧道衬砌病害识别中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2009,19(11):1210-1216.
[167]叶应良.地铁隧道衬砌脱空和渗漏水病害雷达探测研究[D].汕头大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[168]郭有劲.地质雷达在隧道质量衬砌检测中的应用效果[J].地质装备,2001,4(2)：20-22.
[169]韦宏鹄,杨顺安,章根德.基于MATLAB小波分析的软地基加固探地雷达检测处理方法[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(2):109-112.
[170]秦前清,杨纵凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[171]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京:科学出社,1999.
[172]刘翠容,姚令侃.隧道工程地下水处理与生态环境保护[J].铁道建筑,2005,(3):24-27.
[173]贺学海,张德强,邵景力等.地下水对隧道工程安全性的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2004,(3):25-27.
[174]黄小年.探地雷达在隧道病害检测中的应用与研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[175]邓小燕,王通.探地雷达探测中对媒质相对介电常数的测定[J].物探与化探,2008,33(1):43-46.
[176]吴忠杰.地质雷达在岩溶隧道地质超前预报中的应用[J].公路交通科技.2010,07(67):219-224.
[177] Louis C. Determination of insisted hydraulic Parameter conjoint drake[C].proceedings ofSecond Congress on Rock Mechanise.Brigade,1970,1(3):40-45.
[178]黄鹏.神朔线隧道衬砌渗漏水病害的整治[J].铁道建筑,2004(10):39-42.
[179] Papadopoulos I S. No steady flow to a well in an infinite anisotropy Pick aquifer [C].Item.Assoc. Sci. Hydro. Proc Dubrovnik Symposium on the Hydrology of FracturedRocks,1965,l(73):21-31.
[180] Haunts M S. A method for analyzing a drawdown test in anisotropic aquifers[J].WaterResour.Res.1966,2(2):281-285.
[181] Bower Herman,Rice R C.A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfinedaquifers with completely or Partially penetrating wells[J].Water resourcesresearch,1976,12:423-428.
[182] Joseph Misplay,Jim Yen T C,Thomas M Williams,teal. Analyses of slug test and hydraulicconductivity variations in the near field of a two-well tracer experiment site[J].GroundWater,1997,35(3):492-500.
[183] Allan Wylie,Thomas R Wood. A Program to calculate hydraulic conductivity using lug testdata[J].Ground Water,1990,28(5):783-7861.
[2]周小平,钱七虎.深埋巷道分区破裂化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5)：877-885.
[3]曾恕辉,付超.双连拱公路隧道施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2002,(5):31-33
[4]臧万军,高雄鹰.隧道工程防水问题浅析[J].四川建筑,2005,25(3):89-90.
[5]李地元,李夕兵,张伟等.裂隙岩体渗流模型研究现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2008,35(2)：1-4.
[6]刘新荣,黄明,祝云华等.锚杆支护下深埋圆形洞室塑性区半径的近似解[J].重庆大学学报(自然),200834(5)：573-576.
[7]钟祖良,刘新荣,袁飞等.仰拱一次性开挖长度对黄土连拱隧道稳定性影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):462-466.
[8]刘先珊,刘新荣.裂隙岩体非稳定渗流的离散-连续介质模型[J].煤炭学报,2007.32(9)：921-925.
[9] Zhang Xuefu,Zhang Yaonan.Study of the function of the insulation layer for treating waterleakage in permafrost tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006(21):656–667.
[10]蒲春平,孙耀南.隧道与地下工程渗漏水现状及其防治措施综述[J].世界隧道,1999,22(l):45-49.
[11]卢照伟.公路双连拱隧道常见病害防治[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(12):178-180.
[12]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山隧道渗漏水综合治理技的研究中国铁路[J].2000,2(5):414-420.
[13]徐发俊.洋条公路隧道病害分析和整治[J].隧道及地下工程,1995,16(2)：48—52.
[14]韩忠存,张文强.隧道渗漏水病害的预防及治理[J].公路学报,2005(4)：87-92.
[15]许和平．对南昆线隧道衬砌渗漏水整治的思考．铁道工程学报[J].1999(2)：68-71.
[16]关宝树.隧道工程维修管理要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[17]陈吉森.金丽温高速公路某连拱隧道渗漏水防治研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(2):64-67
[18]黄镇南.论隧道病害的成因与整治[J].铁道建筑,2004(2):27-29.
[19]韩常领,李英,王万平.公路隧道渗漏水整治对策[J].公路学报,2008,(7)：238-240.
[20]魏红.公路隧道渗漏水的成因及处治方法[J].隧机械&施工技术,2008,12(4):72-77
[21] Shigekazu Seki,Shinobu Kaise,Yasutaka Morisaki,etal.Modeex Periments for examiningheaving Phenomenonin tunnels.Tunnelling and Underground Spaee Teehnology,2008,(23):128-138.
[22] ToshihiroAsakura,YoshiyukiKojima.Tunnel main tenaneein Japan Tunnel lingandUnderground Spaee Teehnology,2003,(18):161-169.
[23] Chi-TeChang,Ming-JungWang,Chien-TzenChang,etal.Repairodis Plaeed shield tunnel of theTai Peira Pidtransit system.Tunnel lingand Underground Spaee Teehnology,2001,(16):167-173.
[24] R.Laekner,H.A.Mang.Craekingin shoterete tunnelshells.Engineering Fraeture Meehanies.2003,70:1047-1068.
[25] Huang, Hong-Wei (Dept. of Geotechnical Eng,Tongji Univ.); Liu, Yu-Jian; Xie,Xiong-YaoApplication of GPR to grouting distribution behind segment in shield tunnel. Source:Yantu.Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics,v24,n SUPPL.2,October,2003,p353-356.
[26] F. Hage Chehade, I. Shahrour. Numerical analysis of the interaction between twin-tunnels:Influence of the relative position and construction procedure[J]. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2008,(23):210-214.
[27] Jin Yoshimuraetal.Design for frost Preventionin road tunnels:Sim Plified design method forinsulat or between the outer and innerlinings.Proe.of the Int.Congressontuel and UndergroundWorks dayand Future.1990.
[28] Michitsugu Ikuma. Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel[J]. Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2005,(20):143-149.
[29] Richards J A.Inspection,maintenance and repair of tunnels[J]. International Lessons andPractice,Tunnelling and Un derground Space Technology,1998,13(4):369-375.
[30] Y.-M. Hsieh, A.J. Whittle. A computational strategy for solving three-dimensional tunnelexcavation problems[J].Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics.2003,324-328.
[31] Bin-Lin Chu, Sung-Chi Hsu, Yi-Long Chang, et al. Mechanical behavior of a twin-tunnel inmulti-layered formation[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,(22):351–362.
[32] Shao-Ming Liao, Fang-Le Peng, Shui-Long Shen. Analysis of shearing effect on tunnelinduced by load transfer along longitudinal direction[J]. Tunnelling and Underground paceTechnology.2008(23):421-430.
[33] C.J. Lee, B.R. Wu, H.T. Chen. Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in softclayey soil[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006(21):119-132.
[34] E.G. Youngs, A.R. Kacimov, Yu.V. Obnosov. Water exclusion from saturated capillaryfringe[J].Advances in Water Resources2004tunnel cavities in the(27):237-243.
[35] Hirohisa Kamata, Hideto Mashimo. Centrifuge model test of tunnel face reinforcement bybolting[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2003(18):205-212.
[36]李德宏.联拱隧道施工监测与分析[J].现代隧道技术,2002,(1):59-64.
[37]邓江.猫山公路隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[38]王军.不对称连拱随道现场监测与分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004.23(2):267-271.
[39]翟朝晖.连体随道新施工方法浅谈[J].西部探矿工程,2003,(6):90-92.
[40]林刚,何川.双连拱随道合理施工方法试验研究[A].2003年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2003,106-112.
[41]余晓琳,彭立敏,乐小刚等.连拱隧道断面优化设计模型及其应用[A].城市交通隧道工程最新技术一2003上海国际随道工程研讨会论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2003.
[42]余晓琳,黄小华,彭立敏.软弱围岩条件下连拱随道施工阶段的受力分析[J].西部探矿工程,2002,14(4):66-68.
[43]佘健,何川,林刚.连拱隧道二次衬砌在软弱围宕中的力学行为研究[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.现代隧道技术,2004年增刊:312-331.
[44]赵阳,张争鹤.偏压连拱隧道不同开挖方法的模拟分析[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届跪道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集,现代隧道技术,2004年增刊:322-326.
[45]冯升,吕康成.连拱隧道与小净距隧道施工过程数值模拟分析[A].中国土木工程学会第十一届隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.现代隧道技术.2004年增刊:332-337.
[46]周意志.双连拱随道渗漏灾害及其防治措施[J].西部探矿工程,2004,(10):116-117
[47]秦峰,吴存兴.小净距隧道开挖方法浅论[J].现代隧道技术,2003,(6):39-42
[48]陈少华,刘伟.小净距隧道的结构受力特点及工程措施[A].国际隧道研讨会暨公路建设技术交流大会论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.168一173
[49]姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路连拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[50] Zhang Xuefu, Xiao Jianzhang, Zhang Yaonan, etc. Study of the function of the insulationlayer for treating water leakage in permafrost tunnels[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2007(27):637–645.
[51]赵国旗.铁路隧道衬砌开裂病害整治方法初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):385-389.
[52]李武,朱合华.拱隧道典型裂缝、渗漏水病害调查与分析研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(2):581-584.
[53]苏生瑞,朱合华,李国峰.连拱隧道衬砌病害及其处治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(sup):2510-2515.
[54]钭逢光、刘新荣、石建勋等.杭徽高速公路连拱隧道渗漏水分析及治理[J].地下空间与工程学报,2011,7(4):764-769.
[55]刘庭金,朱合华,夏才初等.云南省连拱隧道衬砌开裂和渗漏水调查结果及分析[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(2):64-67.
[56]王道良.整体式连拱隧道渗漏水机理与防排水措施研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2010.6.
[57]卓越,吴全立,沈晓伟.连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理[J].隧道建设,2004,24(4):52-55.
[58]畅学.高速公路双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水的防治[J].山西建筑,2004,30(31):125-126.
[59]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山.隧道渗漏水综合治理技术的研究[J].中国铁路,2004,22(2):42-45.
[60]陈礼伟.浅析隧道病害产生的原因[J].隧道建设,2002,24,(2):83-85.
[61]张宏伟.双连拱隧道中隔墙渗漏水治理技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2002,6(2):17-18.
[62]日本国营铁路隧道变形调查及整修经验介绍.隧道译丛,1980.
[63]崔玖江.日本隧道与地下工程防水技术[J].中国建筑防水材料,1999,21(4):34-37.
[64]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2001.5.
[65]张连成.公路隧道防排水技术之探讨[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4):86-89.
[66]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与展望[J].地下工程与隧道,1995,2(4):41-84.
[67]王大为,吕康成等.公路隧道渗流分析与涌水量预测[A].2001年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社,2001:2146-2151.
[68]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与前景[J].中国建筑防水,1998:12-15.
[69]刘迎会.公路隧道病害成因机理及防治措施[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2010.6.
[70]朱珍德,孙钧.裂隙岩体的渗流场与损伤场耦合分析模型及其工程应用[J].长江科学院院报,1999,16(5):22-27.
[71]周志芳,王锦国.裂隙介质水动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004.
[72]杨太华.水-裂隙岩体相互作用理论及其应用研究[M].同济大学出版社,1995.6.
[73] Kimball, B.A. Runnels, R.L. Greener, L.J. Quantification of mine-drainage in flows to LittleCottonwood Creek, Utah, using a tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study.Environmental Geology, v40, n11-12,2001:1390-1404.
[74] Molinari, Jorge. Samper, Javier. Junes, Ruben. Numerical modelling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks. EngineeringGeology, v64, n4, June,2002:369-386.
[75]陈建勋等.寒冷地区公路隧道防冻隔温层效果现场测试与分析[J].公路学报.2001,14(4):89-93.
[76]吕康成等.寒区隧道春融期渗漏水原因分析及预防方法[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(4)：:129-132.
[77]耿克勤.复合岩基的渗流、力学及其耦合分析研究及工程应用[D].清华大学博士论文,1994.4.
[78]盛金昌等.裂隙岩体随机渗流模型及数值分析[J].重庆大学学报（自然科学版）,2000,23（增刊）:55-57.
[79]郭玉龙.渗流与应力耦合作用对边坡稳定性影响的研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005.6.
[80]郑宏.关于岩土工程有限元分析中的若干问题[J].岩土力学,1995,16(3):549-554.
[81]王媛,徐志英,速宝玉.裂隙岩体渗流与应力耦合分析的四自由度全耦合法[J].水利学报,1998.(7):55-59.
[82]孙广忠,林文祝.结构面闭合变形法则及岩石弹性本构方程[J].地质科学,1983,(2)：81-87.
[83] Goodman R E.不连续岩体中的地质工程方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1980.
[84] Bandits S C, Landsmen A C, Barton N R. Fundamentals of rock joint deformation [J].In.Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech.Abstr,1983,20(6):249-268.
[85] FLORY PJ.Principles of polymer chemistry[M].Newyork:Cornel University Press,1953.
[86] Cuzzelli F, Carrara A, Cardinali M.Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of currenttechniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy Geomorphology [J].1999,31(3):181-261.
[87] Clerici A,Perego S,Tellini C,et al.A GIS-based automated procedure for landslidesusceptibility mapping by the conditional analysis method. Environmental Geology [J].2006,50(6):941-961.
[88]聂洪峰,祁生文,孙进忠,等.重庆市区域稳定性层次分析模糊综合评价[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):409-415.
[89]鲁道洪.基于AHP的模糊综合评判在公路地质灾害的危险性评价[J].四川地质学报2009,29(3):356-400.
[90]荆洪英,张利,闻邦椿.基于层次分析法的产品设计质量权重分配[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(5):712-715.
[91]张卫中,陈从新,张敬东.改进的AHP及其在地灾易发程度分区中的实践[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(2):85-91.
[92]李志厚.连拱隧道病害调查分析[J].中国公路学报,2002,27(3):62-64
[93]纪伟.裂隙岩体渗流等效性及数值模拟研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[94]王媛,速宝玉.单裂隙面渗流特性及等效水力隙宽[J].水科学进展,2002,13(1):61—67.
[95]邬强.齐岳山随道涌水量预测的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[96]黄涛,杨立中.渗流与应力耦合环境下裂隙围岩隧道涌水量的预测研究[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6):76-80.
[97]杨立中,黄涛,等.隧道含水围岩体非均质各向异性渗透特性的研究[A].第三十届国际地质大会铁路地质论文专集,铁道工程学报,1996.
[98] Zhang Zhi-dao. Discussion on underground water treatment and structure design of mountaintunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1995,(1):103-111(in Chinese)
[99]蒋忠信.隧道工程与水环境的相互作用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):121-127.
[100]郭东屏.地下水动力学[M].陕西：陕西科技出版社,1994.
[101]杨金忠,蔡树英,王旭升.地下水运动数学模型[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[102]杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成等.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力祸合分析.岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):489-493.
[103]浙江省杭昱高速公路昌化至昱岭关段(高速公路)第六合同段两阶段施工图设计[R].第四册《隧道》,2003.
[104]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005.
[105] Nourished J. Ayatollah M S.A finite－element method for coupled stress and fluid flowanalysis in fractured rock masses[J].In. Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1982,45(19)：185-193.
[106]张国华,宋军.双跨连拱隧道防排水技术[J].西部探矿工程,2002,22(3):82-84.
[107]揭德萍,彭德潭.浅谈公路隧道的防治水对策[J].湖南交通科技,2001,(1):68-69.
[108]汪海滨.山岭隧道地下水规律及防治方法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2002.6
[109]黄成光.隧道防排水设计及渗漏水病害的防治[J].云南交通科技,2001,17(2):60-62.
[110]杨秋林,文志严.浅谈双连拱隧道的防水治理[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(3):163-164.
[112]周翠英,彭泽英,尚伟等.论岩土工程中水-岩相互作用研究的焦点问题[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):124-128.
[113]中国岩石力学与工程学会锚固与注浆技术委员会编.锚固与注浆技术手册.北京：中国电力出版社,1999.
[114]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.
[115]郑少河,朱维申.裂隙岩体渗流损伤耦合模型的理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):156-159.
[116]朱珍德,张勇,徐卫亚等.高围压高水压条件下大理岩断口微观机理分析与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):44-51.
[117]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[118]重庆市交通科学研究院.公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[119] Holmberg and Person. Design of tunnel perimeter blast hole patterns to prevent to preventrock damage [J].Institution of Mining&Metallurgy.1980,89(6):27-32.
[120] Hooke. Big tunnels in bad rock. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering,v127, n9, September,2001:726-740.
[121] Anon. Recommendations for the treatment of water inflows and outflows in operated underg-round structure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, v4, n3,1989:343-407.
[122] Shaman, John. Temples, Daniel. Duke, Steven. Fordham, Eric. Freeman, Tom. Arrowheadtunnels: Assessing groundwater control measures in a fractured hard rock medium.Proceedings一Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference,2003:296-305.
[123] Meir, David. Unconfined groundwater flow calculation into a tunnel. Journal ofHydrology,v82, n1-2, Nov30,1985:69-75.
[124]毛昶熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:中国水利水电出社,2003.
[125] Tsang Y.W.The effect of tortuosity on fluid flow through a single fracture,WaterR.R.Vol.20,No.9.
[126]于布,尹小玲.水力学[M].南京:南京理工大学出社,2003.
[127]荣耀,蔡晓鸿.海底隧道开裂衬砌的渗漏量计算分析[J].南昌工程学院学报,2006,25(3)：7-10
[128]童海涛,宋汉周.水-岩作用系统的随机水文地球化学模拟[J].水科学进展,2004,15(2):211-215.
[129]郑西来,刘洪俊.山东氧化铝场地下水系统的环境地球化学反应模型[J].地球化学,1990,9(3):270-276.
[130]陈芸,高明.水-岩作用模型及其在水-玄武岩反应研究中的应用[J].南京大学学报,1994(1):118-123.
[131] Wong R.H. C, Leung W L, Wang S W. Shear strength studies on rock-link models containingarrayed open joints. Rock Mechanics in National Interest, Ellsworth, Induce and Hensley(ads).2001Sweets&Zealander Lice:843-849.
[132]杨天鸿.岩石破裂过程渗透性质及其与应力耦合作用研究[D].东北大学博士论文,2001.
[133] Kweilin EM,Healy RW. Numerical investigation of steady liquid Water flow in a variablysaturated fracture net work networks[J].Water Resources,1993,29(12):4091-4102.
[134]蒙彦,雷明堂.岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(4):287-290.
[135]朱大力,李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法[J].工程勘察,2000,19(4):18-32.
[136] Hsieh PA,Neumann P.Field determination of the three-dimensional Hydrolyze on ductilitytensor of anisotropy Pie media,theory[J].Water Resour.Res.1985,21(11):1655—1665.
[137]王锦国,周志芳,汤瑞凉,等.水-岩作用线性规划模型与应用研究—以溪洛渡水电工程为例[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):118-122.
[138] J贝尔.多孔介质流体动力学[M].李竞生,陈崇希译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983:140-150.
[139] Vincent, Sean D. Williams, Roy E. Bloomsburg, George L. Groundwater flow patterns in thevicinity of underground openings in unsaturated rock. Journal of Hydrology, v127, n1-4,Oct,1991:1-21.
[140]杨会军,李丰果.深埋长大隧道地下水处理技术[J].岩土工程界,2005,9(3):356-343.
[141]周志芳,李艳.复杂岩体地下水运动问题的有限分析法[J].水科学进展,1997,9(3):102-108
[142]张闽湘.昆仑山隧道渗漏水治理方案[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[143]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,1982.
[144]赖远明,吴紫汪,朱元林等.寒区隧道冻胀力的粘弹性解析解[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6):70-74.
[145]王建宇,胡元芳.隧道衬砌冻胀压力问题初探[J].铁道工程学报,2004,81(1)：87-93.
[146]邓刚,王建宇,郑金龙.寒区隧道冻胀压力的约束冻胀模型[J].中国公路学报,2010，23(1)：80-86.
[147]石建勋,刘新荣,刘元锋等.隐块体在连拱隧道工程中引起的灾害[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2199-2203.
[148]王思敬,杨志法,刘竹华.地下工程岩体稳定分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[149]陈乃明,刘宝深.块体理论的发展[J].矿冶工程,199313(4):15-18
[150]盛谦,黄正加,邬爱清.三峡工程地下厂房随机块体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):747-749
[151]肖宽怀,刘浩,孙宇等.地震CT勘探在昆石公路隧道病害诊断中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3)：472-476.
[152]许强,黄润秋,能攀等.边坡岩体块体稳定性分析系统的开发与研究[J].程地质学报2001,9(4):408-413.
[153]怀超.关键块体理论在高速公路连拱隧道围岩稳定性分析中的应用[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[154]谢哗,刘军,李仲伞等.在大型地下开挖中围岩块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):306-311.
[155] Kuszmaul J.S. Goodman R. Evan Analytical Model for Estimating Key blocks Sizes inExcavation Jointed Rock Masses, In: Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, Rotterdam:Blackman,1995:19-26.
[156]姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路连拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005,6.
[157]刘永华.高速公路隧道安全性评价研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[158]李治国.病害隧道调查及裂缝治理技术[J].现代隧道术,2002(sup):441-446.
[159] ITA WG Main tenance and Repair. Report on the damaging effects of water on tunnels duringtheir working life[J].Tunneling and underground space technology,1991,6(1):11-76.
[160]崔京浩.光面爆破[J].工程力学,2003(增刊):032-044.
[161]朱汉华,尚岳全等,公路隧道设计与施工新法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002．
[162]王春梅.日本公路隧道的恶化状况及防治对策[J].世界隧道,1997,6(6):29-33.
[163] YEE K S.Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell'sequations in isotropic Media [J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Pro-pagate,1966,14:302-330.
[164] CARCIONE Graduation patterns for2-D GPR forward modeling [J]. Geophysics,1998,63(2):424-448.
[165]张鸿飞,程效军,高攀等.隧道衬砌空洞探地雷达图谱正演模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2810-2842.
[166]王复明,张鸿飞,张蓓等.地质雷达在公路隧道衬砌病害识别中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2009,19(11):1210-1216.
[167]叶应良.地铁隧道衬砌脱空和渗漏水病害雷达探测研究[D].汕头大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[168]郭有劲.地质雷达在隧道质量衬砌检测中的应用效果[J].地质装备,2001,4(2)：20-22.
[169]韦宏鹄,杨顺安,章根德.基于MATLAB小波分析的软地基加固探地雷达检测处理方法[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(2):109-112.
[170]秦前清,杨纵凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[171]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京:科学出社,1999.
[172]刘翠容,姚令侃.隧道工程地下水处理与生态环境保护[J].铁道建筑,2005,(3):24-27.
[173]贺学海,张德强,邵景力等.地下水对隧道工程安全性的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2004,(3):25-27.
[174]黄小年.探地雷达在隧道病害检测中的应用与研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[175]邓小燕,王通.探地雷达探测中对媒质相对介电常数的测定[J].物探与化探,2008,33(1):43-46.
[176]吴忠杰.地质雷达在岩溶隧道地质超前预报中的应用[J].公路交通科技.2010,07(67):219-224.
[177] Louis C. Determination of insisted hydraulic Parameter conjoint drake[C].proceedings ofSecond Congress on Rock Mechanise.Brigade,1970,1(3):40-45.
[178]黄鹏.神朔线隧道衬砌渗漏水病害的整治[J].铁道建筑,2004(10):39-42.
[179] Papadopoulos I S. No steady flow to a well in an infinite anisotropy Pick aquifer [C].Item.Assoc. Sci. Hydro. Proc Dubrovnik Symposium on the Hydrology of FracturedRocks,1965,l(73):21-31.
[180] Haunts M S. A method for analyzing a drawdown test in anisotropic aquifers[J].WaterResour.Res.1966,2(2):281-285.
[181] Bower Herman,Rice R C.A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfinedaquifers with completely or Partially penetrating wells[J].Water resourcesresearch,1976,12:423-428.
[182] Joseph Misplay,Jim Yen T C,Thomas M Williams,teal. Analyses of slug test and hydraulicconductivity variations in the near field of a two-well tracer experiment site[J].GroundWater,1997,35(3):492-500.
[183] Allan Wylie,Thomas R Wood. A Program to calculate hydraulic conductivity using lug testdata[J].Ground Water,1990,28(5):783-7861.