民勤绿洲农村社区沙漠化防治研究
|
摘要
中国北方沙漠化问题以其广泛的分布和迅速的发展,已经成为区域内国民经济与社会发展迫切需要解决的重要问题。干旱区绿洲是人类社会经济活动密集区域,最容易受到沙漠面积扩张影响,同时也成为有效防治沙漠化最重要的桥头堡。目前,西北干旱区绿洲都不同程度地受到沙漠化威胁,导致沙漠边缘区最基础的经济社会组织——农村社区的生存发展出现危机,其生态功能建设能力逐渐衰退,导致社区“环境—经济—社会”恶性循环。
本文选取河西走廊东北部民勤绿洲作为研究区域,总结前期研究结果,在农村社区尺度应用沙漠化基础研究成果和成熟的沙漠化防治技术,对比分析评估项目技术效果,进一步明确适合沙漠化地区农村社区的沙漠化防治理论和技术,“有条件的人定沙定”理论应推广麦草沙障结合植物治沙模式。
通过对绿洲的宏观、区域和社区等多层次沙漠化防治规模尺度划分,及其防治效益的研究分析,以及不同层面沙漠化防治工作关系的研究,得出针对绿洲内部和边缘区侧重于不同治理内容的分区域治理模式以及综合治理技术模式。同时,通过选取典型样本区进行案例分析,研究绿洲不同区域农村社区对于三个尺度上沙漠化防治模式的响应和反馈。在此基础上拟定民勤绿洲农村社区沙漠化防治战略规划,最后分别提出各层面上沙漠化防治对策与建议,如下：
(1)应申请和利用国际与国家层面政策性和社会公益性项目为支持,制定一个长期持续的综合性生态治理规划。
(2)着重对绿洲西北沿线4条沙舌进行“靶向”治理,治理尺度适度向沙舌延伸,适时开展监测评估；
(3)社区层面上沙漠化防治功能正在逐步衰退,因此建议恢复社区义务压沙活动。
With its wide distribution and rapid development, Desertification in Northern China has become a pressing problem which is directly related to national economic and social development. As the border area concentrated area of human economic activities and the desert area, the arid area oasis, which be the main region where desertification occur and develop, may be easily affected by the expansion of desert area. Meanwhile, it becomes the most important bridgehead which effectively prevents and control expansion of desert. Currently, oasises in northwest China have been threatened in varying degrees by desertification, and leading the survival and development of rural communities at risk, which are the most fundamental economic and social organizations in the desert borders, eventually, it arise a vicious cycle of "environment—economic--society" in community.
This thesis selects Minqin oasis in northeast Gansu corridor as the study area. With the historical research outcome in Minqin Basin, and based on application of basic desertification research and the mature desertification control technique in rural community. We made sure which is the most suited theory and technique of desertification control in this area. That is a theory which is called'conditionally stabilizing desert by stabilizing human being', and the prevent and control mode which combination of straw checkerboard and afforestation.
In addition, through study and analysis on multi-scale desertification prevention and control and the control benefit from macro-scale, regional-scale to community-scale in oasis. We studied the working relationship between different scale of desertification prevention and control, and obtained a series of regional separation control pattern which stresses in the different control content between oasis interior and fringe area. Meanwhile, by analyzing the researches on six selected typical samples, We study response and feedback of different rural communities to three-scales desertification prevention and control pattern. On this basis, a desertification prevention and control plan in rural communities was drafted. Finally desertification prevention and control measures and suggestions are respectively put forward in every scale.
1. It should apply for and use the international and national project of social welfare and policy, and to establish a long-term continuous comprehensive ecological management plan.
2. In the region level, it focuses on targeting monitoring and management in the northwest 4 sand tongues.
3. The desertification prevention and control function is declining gradually in community level. The author suggest restoring obligations desert control in community.
本文选取河西走廊东北部民勤绿洲作为研究区域,总结前期研究结果,在农村社区尺度应用沙漠化基础研究成果和成熟的沙漠化防治技术,对比分析评估项目技术效果,进一步明确适合沙漠化地区农村社区的沙漠化防治理论和技术,“有条件的人定沙定”理论应推广麦草沙障结合植物治沙模式。
通过对绿洲的宏观、区域和社区等多层次沙漠化防治规模尺度划分,及其防治效益的研究分析,以及不同层面沙漠化防治工作关系的研究,得出针对绿洲内部和边缘区侧重于不同治理内容的分区域治理模式以及综合治理技术模式。同时,通过选取典型样本区进行案例分析,研究绿洲不同区域农村社区对于三个尺度上沙漠化防治模式的响应和反馈。在此基础上拟定民勤绿洲农村社区沙漠化防治战略规划,最后分别提出各层面上沙漠化防治对策与建议,如下：
(1)应申请和利用国际与国家层面政策性和社会公益性项目为支持,制定一个长期持续的综合性生态治理规划。
(2)着重对绿洲西北沿线4条沙舌进行“靶向”治理,治理尺度适度向沙舌延伸,适时开展监测评估；
(3)社区层面上沙漠化防治功能正在逐步衰退,因此建议恢复社区义务压沙活动。
With its wide distribution and rapid development, Desertification in Northern China has become a pressing problem which is directly related to national economic and social development. As the border area concentrated area of human economic activities and the desert area, the arid area oasis, which be the main region where desertification occur and develop, may be easily affected by the expansion of desert area. Meanwhile, it becomes the most important bridgehead which effectively prevents and control expansion of desert. Currently, oasises in northwest China have been threatened in varying degrees by desertification, and leading the survival and development of rural communities at risk, which are the most fundamental economic and social organizations in the desert borders, eventually, it arise a vicious cycle of "environment—economic--society" in community.
This thesis selects Minqin oasis in northeast Gansu corridor as the study area. With the historical research outcome in Minqin Basin, and based on application of basic desertification research and the mature desertification control technique in rural community. We made sure which is the most suited theory and technique of desertification control in this area. That is a theory which is called'conditionally stabilizing desert by stabilizing human being', and the prevent and control mode which combination of straw checkerboard and afforestation.
In addition, through study and analysis on multi-scale desertification prevention and control and the control benefit from macro-scale, regional-scale to community-scale in oasis. We studied the working relationship between different scale of desertification prevention and control, and obtained a series of regional separation control pattern which stresses in the different control content between oasis interior and fringe area. Meanwhile, by analyzing the researches on six selected typical samples, We study response and feedback of different rural communities to three-scales desertification prevention and control pattern. On this basis, a desertification prevention and control plan in rural communities was drafted. Finally desertification prevention and control measures and suggestions are respectively put forward in every scale.
1. It should apply for and use the international and national project of social welfare and policy, and to establish a long-term continuous comprehensive ecological management plan.
2. In the region level, it focuses on targeting monitoring and management in the northwest 4 sand tongues.
3. The desertification prevention and control function is declining gradually in community level. The author suggest restoring obligations desert control in community.
引文
[1]. Balvanera P, Pfisterer A, Buchmann N, et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services[J]. Ecology Letters,2006,9(10):1146-1156.
[2]. Chen Y, Tang H. Desertification in north China: background, anthropogenic impacts and failures in combating it[J]. Land Degradation and Development,2005,16(4):367.
[3]. Darkoh M. The nature, causes and consequences of desertification in the drylands of Africa. Human impact on environment and sustainable development in Africa[J],2003,199.
[4]. Feng S, Kang S, Huo Z, et al. Neural networks to simulate regional ground water levels affected by human activities[J]. Ground Water,2008,46(1):80-90.
[5]. Fraser EDG, Dougill AJ, Mabee WE, et al. Bottom up and top down: Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2006,78(2):114-127.
[6]. Hemmavanh C, Wu Ci-fang, et al. Changes of forest land use and ecosystem service values along Lao-Chinese border: A case study of Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR[J]. Forestry Studies in China.200911 (2):85-92.
[7]. Huber-Sannwald E, Maestre F, Herrick J, et al. Ecohydrological feedbacks and linkages associated with land degradation: A case study from Mexico[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2006,20(15):3395-3411.
[8]. Huo Z, Feng S, Kang S, et al. Effect of climate changes and water-related human activities on annual stream flows of the Shiyang river basin in arid north-west China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2007,22(16):3155-3167.
[9]. Kalibo HW, Medley KE. Participatory resource mapping for adaptive collaborative management at Mt. Kasigau, Kenya[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,82(3):145-158.
[10]. Le Houerou H. Climate change, drought and desertification[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1996,34(2):133-186.
[11]. Lee H, Zhang D. Perceiving desertification from the lay perspective in northern China[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2004,15(6):529-542.
[12]. Li Z, Xu Z, Li J, et al. Shift trend and step changes for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin, northwest China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2008,22(23):4639-4646.
[13]. Loader R, Amartya L. Participatory Rural Appraisal:extending the research methods base[J]. Agricultural systems,1999,62(2):73-85.
[14]. Rubio J, Bochet E. Desertification indicators as diagnosis criteria for desertification risk assessment in Europe[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39(2):113-120.
[15]. Secretariat, U. Desertification:Its Causes and Consequences[M]. Pergamon Press,
Oxford.1977.
[16]. White L, Taket A. Beyond appraisal:Participatory appraisal of needs and the development of action (PANDA) [J]. Omega,1997,25(5):523-534.
[17].柴成武,蒋志荣,徐先英等.民勤县荒漠绿洲过渡带土地荒漠化类型判定[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(006)：12-16.
[18].柴成武,徐先英,王方琳.石羊河下游民勤绿洲荒漠化影响因素趋势预测[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(004)：34-38.
[19].常兆丰.甘肃民勤半个世纪治沙技术总结分析[J].科技创新导报,2007,36.
[20].常兆丰,刘虎俊.河西走廊50 a治沙措施应用中出现的问题及未来思路[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(z1).
[21].常兆丰,刘虎俊,赵明等.民勤荒漠植被的形成与演替过程及其发展趋势[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(007)：116-124.
[22].常兆丰,赵明.民勤荒漠生态研究[M].兰州：甘肃科技出版社,20069-26.
[23].陈万灵.农村社区机制：组织制度及其行为框架[J].学术研究,2002(007)：24-28.
[24].戴晟懋,邱国玉,赵明.甘肃民勤绿洲荒漠化防治研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(003)：319-324.
[25].董光荣,靳鹤龄.中国北方半干旱和半湿润地区沙漠化的成因[J].第四纪研究,1998(002)：136-144.
[26].董玉祥.人文因子在荒漠化中的作用[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(001)：16-26.
[27].董玉祥.藏南温带半干旱农牧区沙漠化现状与成因研究：以西藏自治区区扎囊县为例[J].资源科学,1999,21(001)：28-36.
[28].费孝通.江村经济[M].上海人民出版社,2006.
[29].封建民,王涛,齐善忠等.黄河源区土地沙漠化的动态变化及成因分析——以玛多县为例[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(003)：141-145.
[30].高鉴国.社区的理论概念与研究视角[J].学习与实践,2006,91-94.
[31].韩福贵,王键.民勤绿洲生态气候资源及其利用[J].干旱区资源与境,2002,16(003)：51-56.
[32].何平安.中国有机肥资源[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社.1999.
[33].蒋志荣,安力,柴成武.民勤县荒漠化影响因素定量分析[J].中国沙漠,2008(001)：35-38.
[34].康相武,吴绍洪,尹云鹤等.华北农牧交错带土地沙漠化成因与土地利用调整对策[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(008)：45-51.
[35].李保国,吴春荣.绿洲区土地利用对地下水影响的数值模拟分析——以民勤绿洲为例[J].资源科学,2002,24(002)：49-55.
[36].李丁.干旱区农村生态扶贫综合干预体系实证研究[D].兰州：兰州大学.2008,4.
[37].李丁,马金珠,南忠仁.民勤盆地地下水水位下降特征与可持续利用评价[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(006)：734-739.
[38].李丁,马金珠,南忠仁.干旱区灌溉农田退耕还林政策实施的WSU-PRA调查研究-以甘肃民勤绿洲为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(008)：82-86.
[39].李粉玲,颉耀文.甘肃省民勤县人口空间分析初步研究[J].西北人口,2005(003)：59-61.
[40].李守经.农村社会学.[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[41].刘东生,丁仲礼.季风区古环境演化的相似性与人类演化[J].第四纪研究,1999(004)：289-298.
[42].刘树林,王涛,安培浚.论土地沙漠化过程中的人类活动[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(001)：52-56.
[43].刘蔚,王涛,郑航等.黑河流域不同类型土地沙漠化驱动力分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(004)：634-641.
[44].马金珠,王刚,李丁等.民勤盆地沙漠化,贫困化与水资源开发利用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(004)：551-558.
[45].马芒.农村社区发展的特征与功能[J].中国发展观察,2005(010)：22-22.
[46].马全林,王继和,詹科杰,等.塑料方格沙障的固沙原理及其推广应用前景[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(001)：36-39.
[47].《民勤林业局防沙治沙报告》.2008.
[48].民勤县统计年鉴.1949-2008.
[49].屈建军,雷加强.尼龙网栅栏防沙效应研究[J].兰州大学学报：自然科学版,2002,38(002)：171-176.
[50].石惠春,赵勇,杨二俊,等.基于CVM的民勤绿洲生态系统服务价值评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(007)：31-36.
[51].《石羊河流域重点治理规划》.甘肃省水利厅,甘肃省发展和改革委员会.2008.
[52].索生乾,尹忠东.我国沙漠化成因及防治对策[J].青海农林科技,2001,431-3.
[53].王涛.近50年来中国北方地区沙漠化的发展与防治战略及途径[J].云南师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版,2008,40(003)：23-30.
[54].王涛.沙漠化研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2009(003)：290-296.
[55].王涛,陈广庭.中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(004)：322-327.
[56].王涛,吴薇,薛娴,等.近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(002)：203-212.
[57].魏怀东,高志海,丁峰.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化动态监测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(002)：32-36.
[58].吴波,李晓松,刘文等.京津风沙源工程区沙漠化防治区划与治理对策研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(010)：65-70.
[59].薛娴,王涛.从系统论的角度看沙漠化与可持续发展问题[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(004)：404-408.
[60].薛娴,王涛,姚正毅,等.从石羊河流域沙漠化土地分布看区域协调发展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(005)：682-688.
[61].杨春利,白永平.干旱地区绿洲生态系统服务价值功能的评估——以石羊河下游民勤绿洲为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009(005)：230-234.
[62].杨永春,李吉均,陈发虎等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲变化的人文机制研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(004)：449-458.
[63].张刚,王宁,Kinoshita TN, K等.2005年-2008年亚洲东部沙尘暴的定期数字记录监测[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(004)：46-49.
[64].张建东,张勃,张华.反思近50年来石羊河流域沙漠化治理——以甘肃民勤为例[J].生态经济：学术版,2007(002)：394-397.
[65].赵志强.我国农村社区发展及存在的若干问题[J].广西社会科学,2002(004)：237-239.
[66].中国天气网：http://www.weather.com.cn/zt/kpzt/421569.shtml.
[67].周大鸣,秦红.参与式社会评估：在倾听中求得决策[M].广州：中山大学出版社.2005.
[68].周立华,樊胜岳.中国土地沙漠化的现状,成因和治理途径[J].中国环境管理,2000(004)：4-6.
[69].朱俊凤,朱震达.中国沙漠化防治[M].中国林业出版社,1999.
[2]. Chen Y, Tang H. Desertification in north China: background, anthropogenic impacts and failures in combating it[J]. Land Degradation and Development,2005,16(4):367.
[3]. Darkoh M. The nature, causes and consequences of desertification in the drylands of Africa. Human impact on environment and sustainable development in Africa[J],2003,199.
[4]. Feng S, Kang S, Huo Z, et al. Neural networks to simulate regional ground water levels affected by human activities[J]. Ground Water,2008,46(1):80-90.
[5]. Fraser EDG, Dougill AJ, Mabee WE, et al. Bottom up and top down: Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2006,78(2):114-127.
[6]. Hemmavanh C, Wu Ci-fang, et al. Changes of forest land use and ecosystem service values along Lao-Chinese border: A case study of Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR[J]. Forestry Studies in China.200911 (2):85-92.
[7]. Huber-Sannwald E, Maestre F, Herrick J, et al. Ecohydrological feedbacks and linkages associated with land degradation: A case study from Mexico[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2006,20(15):3395-3411.
[8]. Huo Z, Feng S, Kang S, et al. Effect of climate changes and water-related human activities on annual stream flows of the Shiyang river basin in arid north-west China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2007,22(16):3155-3167.
[9]. Kalibo HW, Medley KE. Participatory resource mapping for adaptive collaborative management at Mt. Kasigau, Kenya[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,82(3):145-158.
[10]. Le Houerou H. Climate change, drought and desertification[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1996,34(2):133-186.
[11]. Lee H, Zhang D. Perceiving desertification from the lay perspective in northern China[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2004,15(6):529-542.
[12]. Li Z, Xu Z, Li J, et al. Shift trend and step changes for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin, northwest China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2008,22(23):4639-4646.
[13]. Loader R, Amartya L. Participatory Rural Appraisal:extending the research methods base[J]. Agricultural systems,1999,62(2):73-85.
[14]. Rubio J, Bochet E. Desertification indicators as diagnosis criteria for desertification risk assessment in Europe[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39(2):113-120.
[15]. Secretariat, U. Desertification:Its Causes and Consequences[M]. Pergamon Press,
Oxford.1977.
[16]. White L, Taket A. Beyond appraisal:Participatory appraisal of needs and the development of action (PANDA) [J]. Omega,1997,25(5):523-534.
[17].柴成武,蒋志荣,徐先英等.民勤县荒漠绿洲过渡带土地荒漠化类型判定[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(006)：12-16.
[18].柴成武,徐先英,王方琳.石羊河下游民勤绿洲荒漠化影响因素趋势预测[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(004)：34-38.
[19].常兆丰.甘肃民勤半个世纪治沙技术总结分析[J].科技创新导报,2007,36.
[20].常兆丰,刘虎俊.河西走廊50 a治沙措施应用中出现的问题及未来思路[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(z1).
[21].常兆丰,刘虎俊,赵明等.民勤荒漠植被的形成与演替过程及其发展趋势[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(007)：116-124.
[22].常兆丰,赵明.民勤荒漠生态研究[M].兰州：甘肃科技出版社,20069-26.
[23].陈万灵.农村社区机制：组织制度及其行为框架[J].学术研究,2002(007)：24-28.
[24].戴晟懋,邱国玉,赵明.甘肃民勤绿洲荒漠化防治研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(003)：319-324.
[25].董光荣,靳鹤龄.中国北方半干旱和半湿润地区沙漠化的成因[J].第四纪研究,1998(002)：136-144.
[26].董玉祥.人文因子在荒漠化中的作用[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(001)：16-26.
[27].董玉祥.藏南温带半干旱农牧区沙漠化现状与成因研究：以西藏自治区区扎囊县为例[J].资源科学,1999,21(001)：28-36.
[28].费孝通.江村经济[M].上海人民出版社,2006.
[29].封建民,王涛,齐善忠等.黄河源区土地沙漠化的动态变化及成因分析——以玛多县为例[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(003)：141-145.
[30].高鉴国.社区的理论概念与研究视角[J].学习与实践,2006,91-94.
[31].韩福贵,王键.民勤绿洲生态气候资源及其利用[J].干旱区资源与境,2002,16(003)：51-56.
[32].何平安.中国有机肥资源[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社.1999.
[33].蒋志荣,安力,柴成武.民勤县荒漠化影响因素定量分析[J].中国沙漠,2008(001)：35-38.
[34].康相武,吴绍洪,尹云鹤等.华北农牧交错带土地沙漠化成因与土地利用调整对策[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(008)：45-51.
[35].李保国,吴春荣.绿洲区土地利用对地下水影响的数值模拟分析——以民勤绿洲为例[J].资源科学,2002,24(002)：49-55.
[36].李丁.干旱区农村生态扶贫综合干预体系实证研究[D].兰州：兰州大学.2008,4.
[37].李丁,马金珠,南忠仁.民勤盆地地下水水位下降特征与可持续利用评价[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(006)：734-739.
[38].李丁,马金珠,南忠仁.干旱区灌溉农田退耕还林政策实施的WSU-PRA调查研究-以甘肃民勤绿洲为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(008)：82-86.
[39].李粉玲,颉耀文.甘肃省民勤县人口空间分析初步研究[J].西北人口,2005(003)：59-61.
[40].李守经.农村社会学.[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[41].刘东生,丁仲礼.季风区古环境演化的相似性与人类演化[J].第四纪研究,1999(004)：289-298.
[42].刘树林,王涛,安培浚.论土地沙漠化过程中的人类活动[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(001)：52-56.
[43].刘蔚,王涛,郑航等.黑河流域不同类型土地沙漠化驱动力分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(004)：634-641.
[44].马金珠,王刚,李丁等.民勤盆地沙漠化,贫困化与水资源开发利用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(004)：551-558.
[45].马芒.农村社区发展的特征与功能[J].中国发展观察,2005(010)：22-22.
[46].马全林,王继和,詹科杰,等.塑料方格沙障的固沙原理及其推广应用前景[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(001)：36-39.
[47].《民勤林业局防沙治沙报告》.2008.
[48].民勤县统计年鉴.1949-2008.
[49].屈建军,雷加强.尼龙网栅栏防沙效应研究[J].兰州大学学报：自然科学版,2002,38(002)：171-176.
[50].石惠春,赵勇,杨二俊,等.基于CVM的民勤绿洲生态系统服务价值评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(007)：31-36.
[51].《石羊河流域重点治理规划》.甘肃省水利厅,甘肃省发展和改革委员会.2008.
[52].索生乾,尹忠东.我国沙漠化成因及防治对策[J].青海农林科技,2001,431-3.
[53].王涛.近50年来中国北方地区沙漠化的发展与防治战略及途径[J].云南师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版,2008,40(003)：23-30.
[54].王涛.沙漠化研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2009(003)：290-296.
[55].王涛,陈广庭.中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(004)：322-327.
[56].王涛,吴薇,薛娴,等.近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(002)：203-212.
[57].魏怀东,高志海,丁峰.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化动态监测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(002)：32-36.
[58].吴波,李晓松,刘文等.京津风沙源工程区沙漠化防治区划与治理对策研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(010)：65-70.
[59].薛娴,王涛.从系统论的角度看沙漠化与可持续发展问题[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(004)：404-408.
[60].薛娴,王涛,姚正毅,等.从石羊河流域沙漠化土地分布看区域协调发展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(005)：682-688.
[61].杨春利,白永平.干旱地区绿洲生态系统服务价值功能的评估——以石羊河下游民勤绿洲为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009(005)：230-234.
[62].杨永春,李吉均,陈发虎等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲变化的人文机制研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(004)：449-458.
[63].张刚,王宁,Kinoshita TN, K等.2005年-2008年亚洲东部沙尘暴的定期数字记录监测[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(004)：46-49.
[64].张建东,张勃,张华.反思近50年来石羊河流域沙漠化治理——以甘肃民勤为例[J].生态经济：学术版,2007(002)：394-397.
[65].赵志强.我国农村社区发展及存在的若干问题[J].广西社会科学,2002(004)：237-239.
[66].中国天气网：http://www.weather.com.cn/zt/kpzt/421569.shtml.
[67].周大鸣,秦红.参与式社会评估：在倾听中求得决策[M].广州：中山大学出版社.2005.
[68].周立华,樊胜岳.中国土地沙漠化的现状,成因和治理途径[J].中国环境管理,2000(004)：4-6.
[69].朱俊凤,朱震达.中国沙漠化防治[M].中国林业出版社,1999.