汽车多片摩擦式限滑差速器性能与试验研究
|
摘要
近几年来，随着我国汽车工业的发展，汽车的主动安全性、操纵稳定性、动力性、通过性等越来越受到人们的重视。限滑差速器作为提高汽车性能的重要部件，也得到了更广泛地应用。限滑差速器能够很好地消除普通差速器“差速不差扭”的弊端，提高汽车在左、右附着系数相差较大的路面上行驶时的通过性，对于汽车转向行驶时的操纵稳定性也有一定的帮助。目前，国内关于限滑差速器的研究还处于起步阶段，尚无自主开发的限滑差速器产品。因此，设计开发一款具有自主专利的限滑差速器对于我国汽车产业的进一步发展意义重大。
本文结合科研项目“汽车多片摩擦式限滑差速器整车性能测试”，对限滑差速器的性能及其对整车操纵稳定性的影响等方面做了深入的研究。论文的主要研究内容包括：
1.对限滑差速器的原理进行分析。分别介绍了普通差速器和限滑差速器的转速特性及扭矩特性；根据限滑差速器的自身结构及工作原理对限滑差速器进行分类；对各类限滑差速器的优缺点进行了简单介绍，预测了未来汽车限滑差速器的发展趋势。
2.对限滑差速器的结构进行分析。将限滑差速器与普通差速器的结构进行对比，着重对影响限滑差速器自身性能的零部件进行分析。对扭矩传递过程中的关键受力部件进行受力分析。在此研究过程中，分析了影响限滑差速器性能的各零部件的结构及性能参数，对限滑差速器的性能优化有一定的指导意义。此外，还分析了限滑差速器对汽车性能的影响，包括：汽车的驱动性能、转弯行驶性能、高速行驶的稳定性等方面。最后，给出了限滑差速器的性能评价指标。
3.对转向行驶过程中的限滑差速器汽车进行受力分析，建立包含限滑差速器在内的汽车操纵稳定性数学模型，并用Matlab/Simulink软件对所建模型进行仿真分析。通过对比安装普通差速器和限滑差速器汽车的仿真结果可以说明限滑差速器对汽车操纵稳定性能的影响。
4.对限滑差速器进行性能试验。在具体的试验过程中，选定试验车辆为瑞麒G52011款，选取了多种路况以测试限滑差速器的性能，包括：台架试验，冰雪路面试验，泥泞路面试验。为了进一步说明限滑差速器的性能，也对安装普通差速器的同一汽车进行了相同条件下的试验，以作对比分析。可以得知：当安装限滑差速器的汽车在上述路面上行驶时，汽车左、右驱动轮出现转速差。转速高的一侧半轴扭矩小，转速低的一侧半轴扭矩大。这符合限滑差速器的扭矩分配特性。汽车的通过性并未受到明显的影响。而当安装普通差速器的汽车在上述路面上行驶时，汽车左、右驱动轮也出现转速差，但左、右半轴的扭矩却基本相等，而且数值都比较小，证明了普通差速器的扭矩平均分配特性。受此影响，安装普通差速器的汽车在上述几种路面上行驶时的通过性明显变差。
论文的研究及试验工作，证明了限滑差速器在改善汽车动力性及通过性等方面的帮助，同时也说明了限滑差速器对汽车操纵稳定性的影响。此外，对于限滑差速器的结构和性能优化也有一定的意义。
In recent years, with the development of automobile industry in China, more andmore attention has been paid to the car’s active safety, controllability and stability,power performance, passing ability, etc. As an important component to improve theperformance of a car, the limited slip differential has been widely used all over theworld. The limited slip differential can improve “ordinary differential torque evenlydistributed features”, so that it can improve the adoption of the car on thedouble-adhesion coefficient road. It is also helpful to vehicle controllability andstability when they are turning around. At present, in China, research on limited-slipdifferential is still far behind that in those developed countries, no self-developedlimited slip differential products are used. Therefore, to design and develop a type oflimited slip differential with our own authority is significant for the furtherdevelopment of China’s automobile industry.
In this paper, according to the research project “vehicle performance testing forvehicle with multi-plate limited slip differential for friction-type,” the author did deepstudy on the performances of the limited slip differential and the influence it has onvehicle controllability and stability. In this paper, the following items are included:
1. Research on the principle of limited slip differential. Speed characteristics andtorque characteristics of ordinary differential and limited slip differential are analyzedin this paper. There are classifications of limited slip differential according to thestructure and working principle; Give a brief introduction to the advantages anddisadvantages of different types of limited slip differential, predict the futuredevelopment trend of the limited slip differential.
2. Analyze the structure of the limited slip differential. Compared with ordinarydifferential, we know the particular structure in Limited slip differential. Focus on the parts that impact limited-slip differential performance for analysis. Stress analysis forcritical force components in torque transmission process was done. During theanalysis, this paper has analyzed the structure and performance parameters of the partsin limited slip differential. There will be some guidance on the performanceoptimization for limited slip differential. In addition, analyze the impact of the limitedslip differential on vehicle performance, including: vehicle drive performance,cornering, high-speed stability. Finally, some performance evaluation rules for thelimited slip differential are presented in this paper.
3. First, make force analysis for vehicle with limited slip differential when they areturning around. Establish vehicle controllability and stability model including limitedslip differential. Then, use the Matlab/Simulink software for simulation analysis onthe model. By comparing the simulation results of car with ordinary differential andlimited slip differential, vehicle controllability and stability can be stated.
4. Test the performance of limited slip differential. The RIICH G52011wasselected as a test vehicle for these tests. Kinds of roads are selected for testing theperformance of a limited slip differential, including: bench test, snow and ice road test,muddy road test. To further illustrate the performance of limited slip differential, testsunder the same condition are executed for vehicle with ordinary differential ascontrast. It is obviously that when the vehicle with limited slip differential travelingon the roads above, the left and right driving wheel’s speed are different. And highspeed side of the axle’s torque is lower than the side speed is low. This is consistentwith the limited slip differential torque distribution characteristics. The passing abilityperformance of the car has not been significantly affected. And when the vehicle withordinary differential driving on the roads above, the car’s left and right drivingwheel’s speed are different, however, the left and right axle’s torque are basically thesame and with small numerical value. It can be proved that the ordinary differentialhas a torque average distribution characteristic. For this reason, the passing throughability of vehicle with this kind of differential get worse obviously.
In the paper and tests, the help that the limited slip differential has to improvevehicle power and passing through ability is proved. At the same time, the influence ithas on vehicle controllability and stability is also stated. In addition, there is alsocertain significance for the structure and performance optimization of the limited slipdifferential.
本文结合科研项目“汽车多片摩擦式限滑差速器整车性能测试”，对限滑差速器的性能及其对整车操纵稳定性的影响等方面做了深入的研究。论文的主要研究内容包括：
1.对限滑差速器的原理进行分析。分别介绍了普通差速器和限滑差速器的转速特性及扭矩特性；根据限滑差速器的自身结构及工作原理对限滑差速器进行分类；对各类限滑差速器的优缺点进行了简单介绍，预测了未来汽车限滑差速器的发展趋势。
2.对限滑差速器的结构进行分析。将限滑差速器与普通差速器的结构进行对比，着重对影响限滑差速器自身性能的零部件进行分析。对扭矩传递过程中的关键受力部件进行受力分析。在此研究过程中，分析了影响限滑差速器性能的各零部件的结构及性能参数，对限滑差速器的性能优化有一定的指导意义。此外，还分析了限滑差速器对汽车性能的影响，包括：汽车的驱动性能、转弯行驶性能、高速行驶的稳定性等方面。最后，给出了限滑差速器的性能评价指标。
3.对转向行驶过程中的限滑差速器汽车进行受力分析，建立包含限滑差速器在内的汽车操纵稳定性数学模型，并用Matlab/Simulink软件对所建模型进行仿真分析。通过对比安装普通差速器和限滑差速器汽车的仿真结果可以说明限滑差速器对汽车操纵稳定性能的影响。
4.对限滑差速器进行性能试验。在具体的试验过程中，选定试验车辆为瑞麒G52011款，选取了多种路况以测试限滑差速器的性能，包括：台架试验，冰雪路面试验，泥泞路面试验。为了进一步说明限滑差速器的性能，也对安装普通差速器的同一汽车进行了相同条件下的试验，以作对比分析。可以得知：当安装限滑差速器的汽车在上述路面上行驶时，汽车左、右驱动轮出现转速差。转速高的一侧半轴扭矩小，转速低的一侧半轴扭矩大。这符合限滑差速器的扭矩分配特性。汽车的通过性并未受到明显的影响。而当安装普通差速器的汽车在上述路面上行驶时，汽车左、右驱动轮也出现转速差，但左、右半轴的扭矩却基本相等，而且数值都比较小，证明了普通差速器的扭矩平均分配特性。受此影响，安装普通差速器的汽车在上述几种路面上行驶时的通过性明显变差。
论文的研究及试验工作，证明了限滑差速器在改善汽车动力性及通过性等方面的帮助，同时也说明了限滑差速器对汽车操纵稳定性的影响。此外，对于限滑差速器的结构和性能优化也有一定的意义。
In recent years, with the development of automobile industry in China, more andmore attention has been paid to the car’s active safety, controllability and stability,power performance, passing ability, etc. As an important component to improve theperformance of a car, the limited slip differential has been widely used all over theworld. The limited slip differential can improve “ordinary differential torque evenlydistributed features”, so that it can improve the adoption of the car on thedouble-adhesion coefficient road. It is also helpful to vehicle controllability andstability when they are turning around. At present, in China, research on limited-slipdifferential is still far behind that in those developed countries, no self-developedlimited slip differential products are used. Therefore, to design and develop a type oflimited slip differential with our own authority is significant for the furtherdevelopment of China’s automobile industry.
In this paper, according to the research project “vehicle performance testing forvehicle with multi-plate limited slip differential for friction-type,” the author did deepstudy on the performances of the limited slip differential and the influence it has onvehicle controllability and stability. In this paper, the following items are included:
1. Research on the principle of limited slip differential. Speed characteristics andtorque characteristics of ordinary differential and limited slip differential are analyzedin this paper. There are classifications of limited slip differential according to thestructure and working principle; Give a brief introduction to the advantages anddisadvantages of different types of limited slip differential, predict the futuredevelopment trend of the limited slip differential.
2. Analyze the structure of the limited slip differential. Compared with ordinarydifferential, we know the particular structure in Limited slip differential. Focus on the parts that impact limited-slip differential performance for analysis. Stress analysis forcritical force components in torque transmission process was done. During theanalysis, this paper has analyzed the structure and performance parameters of the partsin limited slip differential. There will be some guidance on the performanceoptimization for limited slip differential. In addition, analyze the impact of the limitedslip differential on vehicle performance, including: vehicle drive performance,cornering, high-speed stability. Finally, some performance evaluation rules for thelimited slip differential are presented in this paper.
3. First, make force analysis for vehicle with limited slip differential when they areturning around. Establish vehicle controllability and stability model including limitedslip differential. Then, use the Matlab/Simulink software for simulation analysis onthe model. By comparing the simulation results of car with ordinary differential andlimited slip differential, vehicle controllability and stability can be stated.
4. Test the performance of limited slip differential. The RIICH G52011wasselected as a test vehicle for these tests. Kinds of roads are selected for testing theperformance of a limited slip differential, including: bench test, snow and ice road test,muddy road test. To further illustrate the performance of limited slip differential, testsunder the same condition are executed for vehicle with ordinary differential ascontrast. It is obviously that when the vehicle with limited slip differential travelingon the roads above, the left and right driving wheel’s speed are different. And highspeed side of the axle’s torque is lower than the side speed is low. This is consistentwith the limited slip differential torque distribution characteristics. The passing abilityperformance of the car has not been significantly affected. And when the vehicle withordinary differential driving on the roads above, the car’s left and right drivingwheel’s speed are different, however, the left and right axle’s torque are basically thesame and with small numerical value. It can be proved that the ordinary differentialhas a torque average distribution characteristic. For this reason, the passing throughability of vehicle with this kind of differential get worse obviously.
In the paper and tests, the help that the limited slip differential has to improvevehicle power and passing through ability is proved. At the same time, the influence ithas on vehicle controllability and stability is also stated. In addition, there is alsocertain significance for the structure and performance optimization of the limited slipdifferential.
引文
[1]郭孔辉.汽车操纵动力学[M].长春：吉林科学技术出版社，1991
[2]尹唏. LSD差速器[J].汽车技术，1992.3P51
[3] M.米奇克.汽车动力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[4]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2007
[5]王建华，王云成，付铁军等.装用机械摩擦片式限滑差速器后轮驱动车辆的动力性[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2006.3
[6]胡建军，丁华，秦大同等.基于限滑差速器驱动的防滑控制[J].重庆：重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室，2011.1
[7]王志铁.车用限滑差速器转矩特性分析及整车操纵稳定性影响[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2004
[8]邓阳庆.车用粘性式限滑差速器建模仿真与台架试验研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2004
[9]赵双学.前轮驱动汽车应用粘性式限滑差速器的仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2006
[10]唐先海.液力锁紧系数自调式防滑差速器动态特性研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2007
[11]王建华，王云成，付铁军等.转矩式限滑差速器对后轮驱动汽车操纵稳定性影响的研究[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2006
[12]张鹏.粘性式限滑差速器汽车的动力性和操纵稳定性分析与研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2003
[13]王云成，王建华，付铁军等.主动控制式限滑差速器结构分析及性能评价[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2008
[14]刘淮信.驱动桥（汽车设计丛书）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，1997
[15]陈家瑞.汽车构造（第四版）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[16]钱立军，唐自玉，马恒永等.预压弹簧摩擦片式防滑差速器的优化设计[J].合肥：合肥工业大学机械与汽车工程学院，2006
[17]刘淮信.汽车设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[18]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册（设计篇）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[19]毛啸滇.防滑差速器的应用研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2006
[20]谢文云.电控限滑差速器限滑转矩与整车性能匹配的仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2007
[21]欧家富.差速器试验方法研究[C].重庆汽车研究所，2007
[22]司利增.汽车防滑控制系统[M].北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[23]张景绘.动力学系统建模[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2000
[24]张洪欣，汽车系统动力学[M].上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[25]李颖，朱伯立，张威. Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
[26]邱毓强.汽车拖拉机试验学[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[27]姚俊，马松辉. Simulink建模与仿真[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[28]庄继德.汽车轮胎学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社，1996
[29]袁清珂，董增前，周一鸣.汽车动力学性能的计算机仿真[J].汽车工程，1995.3
[30]韩宗奇，余志生，万嘉潢.汽车转弯制动性能的模拟计算[J].汽车工程，1991.1
[31] Jong Hyeon Park, Chan Young Kim. Wheel slip control in traction controlsystem for vehicle stability [J]. Vehicle system dynamics,1999:263~278
[32] H.Huchtkotter, H,Taureg. The effect of a Viscous Coupling used as aFront-wheel drive Limited-slip Differential on Vehicle Traction and Handling[J]. SAE,940875
[33] V.V.Vantsevich. Actuating Vehicle Systems and Unified Limited SlipDifferentials [J]. SAE,972751
[34] E.Silani, S.M.Savaresi, S,Bittanti, et al. the Concept of Performance-OrientedYaw-Control System: Vehicle Model and Analysis [J]. SAE PaperNo.2002-01-1585.2002
[35] Taehyun Shim, Donald Margolis, Case J.Belltawn. An analytical tire model forvehicle simulation in normal driving conditions [J]. SAE Paper,2000-01-0356
[36] G Gim, P.E.Nikravesh. An analytical model of pneumatic tyres for vehicledynamic simulations, Part1: Pure slips [J]. International Journal of VehicleDesign,1990.11(6):589~618
[37] G Gim, P.E.Nikravesh. An analytical model of pneumatic tyres for vehicledynamic simulations, Part3: Validation against experimental data [J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,1991.12(2):217~228
[38] Michael Short, Michael J.pont, Qiang Huang. Simulation of VehicleLongitudinal Dynamics [C]. Embedding System Laboratory, University ofLeicester,2004
[39] Robert K.Hlzwarth, Kenneth A.May. Analysis of traction control systemaugmented by limited slip differentials [J]. SAE Paper,940831
[40] Murat N.Okcuoglu. A Descriptive Analysis of Gerodisc Tyre Limited-SlipDifferentials and All Wheel Drive Couplings [J]. SAE,952042
[41] Murat N.Okcuoglu. Adjustable Racing Limited Slip Differentials UtilizingGerodisc System[J]. SAE Papers,962541
[42] R.Wade Allen, Henry T.Szostak, Theodore J.Rosenthal, et al. CharacteristicsInfluencing Ground Vehicle Lateral/Directional Dynamic Stability [J]. SAEPaper,910234
[43] W.Rohreger, P.amborn, Q.A.Kaufmann. Advanced Development ofSelf-controlled Torque Sensitive Limited-Slip Differential by Means of HelicalGears [J]. SAE Paper,940733
[44] Alfred Sigi, Herberi Deme. ASR-Traction Control [J]. SAE,900204
[45] Manfred Boos, Peter Kopf. Electronically-Controlled Limited Slip Differentialsand4-Wheel-Drive Transfer Gearboxes for Cars [J]. Drive System Technique,1994
[46] H.taureg, G.herrmann. Applications of Viscous Couplings for Traction Controlin Passenger Cars [J]. SAE,890524:11~17
[47] Simon C.Y.Tung, James L.Linden. Modeling Torque Converter Clutch ViscousDamper Performance [J]. SAE,850459
[48] Chen pan. Numerical Analysis of Torque Augmentation in Viscous Couplings
[D]. Syracuse University, USA. Dissertation of doctor,1998.4
[49] Muart Okcuoglu. An All Wheel Drive System Utilizing Twin HydraulicCouplings with Gerodisc System [J]. SAE,973235:1~7
[50] J.Maretzke, B.Richter. Directional Control of4WD Passenger Cars—A Studyby Computer Simulation [J]. SAE,861370
[51] Toji Takemura, Yasuhiro Niikura. An Analysis of Viscous Coupling TorqueTransmission Characteristics and Hump Phenomenon [J]. SAE Paper,900558
[52]刁增祥，余建星，王伟.轻型越野汽车限滑差速器装置选型分析[J].汽车技术，2002（11），18~21
[53]汪铸.几种越野式汽车锁止式差速器性能比较[J].呼伦贝尔学院学报，2002（5）
[54]周纪良.拖拉机及类似车辆传动系[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1991
[55]戴军康.汽车主减速器总成综合性能试验台的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2008
[2]尹唏. LSD差速器[J].汽车技术，1992.3P51
[3] M.米奇克.汽车动力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[4]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2007
[5]王建华，王云成，付铁军等.装用机械摩擦片式限滑差速器后轮驱动车辆的动力性[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2006.3
[6]胡建军，丁华，秦大同等.基于限滑差速器驱动的防滑控制[J].重庆：重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室，2011.1
[7]王志铁.车用限滑差速器转矩特性分析及整车操纵稳定性影响[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2004
[8]邓阳庆.车用粘性式限滑差速器建模仿真与台架试验研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2004
[9]赵双学.前轮驱动汽车应用粘性式限滑差速器的仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2006
[10]唐先海.液力锁紧系数自调式防滑差速器动态特性研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2007
[11]王建华，王云成，付铁军等.转矩式限滑差速器对后轮驱动汽车操纵稳定性影响的研究[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2006
[12]张鹏.粘性式限滑差速器汽车的动力性和操纵稳定性分析与研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2003
[13]王云成，王建华，付铁军等.主动控制式限滑差速器结构分析及性能评价[J].长春：吉林大学汽车工程学院，2008
[14]刘淮信.驱动桥（汽车设计丛书）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，1997
[15]陈家瑞.汽车构造（第四版）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[16]钱立军，唐自玉，马恒永等.预压弹簧摩擦片式防滑差速器的优化设计[J].合肥：合肥工业大学机械与汽车工程学院，2006
[17]刘淮信.汽车设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[18]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册（设计篇）[M].北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[19]毛啸滇.防滑差速器的应用研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2006
[20]谢文云.电控限滑差速器限滑转矩与整车性能匹配的仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文，2007
[21]欧家富.差速器试验方法研究[C].重庆汽车研究所，2007
[22]司利增.汽车防滑控制系统[M].北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[23]张景绘.动力学系统建模[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2000
[24]张洪欣，汽车系统动力学[M].上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[25]李颖，朱伯立，张威. Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
[26]邱毓强.汽车拖拉机试验学[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[27]姚俊，马松辉. Simulink建模与仿真[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[28]庄继德.汽车轮胎学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社，1996
[29]袁清珂，董增前，周一鸣.汽车动力学性能的计算机仿真[J].汽车工程，1995.3
[30]韩宗奇，余志生，万嘉潢.汽车转弯制动性能的模拟计算[J].汽车工程，1991.1
[31] Jong Hyeon Park, Chan Young Kim. Wheel slip control in traction controlsystem for vehicle stability [J]. Vehicle system dynamics,1999:263~278
[32] H.Huchtkotter, H,Taureg. The effect of a Viscous Coupling used as aFront-wheel drive Limited-slip Differential on Vehicle Traction and Handling[J]. SAE,940875
[33] V.V.Vantsevich. Actuating Vehicle Systems and Unified Limited SlipDifferentials [J]. SAE,972751
[34] E.Silani, S.M.Savaresi, S,Bittanti, et al. the Concept of Performance-OrientedYaw-Control System: Vehicle Model and Analysis [J]. SAE PaperNo.2002-01-1585.2002
[35] Taehyun Shim, Donald Margolis, Case J.Belltawn. An analytical tire model forvehicle simulation in normal driving conditions [J]. SAE Paper,2000-01-0356
[36] G Gim, P.E.Nikravesh. An analytical model of pneumatic tyres for vehicledynamic simulations, Part1: Pure slips [J]. International Journal of VehicleDesign,1990.11(6):589~618
[37] G Gim, P.E.Nikravesh. An analytical model of pneumatic tyres for vehicledynamic simulations, Part3: Validation against experimental data [J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,1991.12(2):217~228
[38] Michael Short, Michael J.pont, Qiang Huang. Simulation of VehicleLongitudinal Dynamics [C]. Embedding System Laboratory, University ofLeicester,2004
[39] Robert K.Hlzwarth, Kenneth A.May. Analysis of traction control systemaugmented by limited slip differentials [J]. SAE Paper,940831
[40] Murat N.Okcuoglu. A Descriptive Analysis of Gerodisc Tyre Limited-SlipDifferentials and All Wheel Drive Couplings [J]. SAE,952042
[41] Murat N.Okcuoglu. Adjustable Racing Limited Slip Differentials UtilizingGerodisc System[J]. SAE Papers,962541
[42] R.Wade Allen, Henry T.Szostak, Theodore J.Rosenthal, et al. CharacteristicsInfluencing Ground Vehicle Lateral/Directional Dynamic Stability [J]. SAEPaper,910234
[43] W.Rohreger, P.amborn, Q.A.Kaufmann. Advanced Development ofSelf-controlled Torque Sensitive Limited-Slip Differential by Means of HelicalGears [J]. SAE Paper,940733
[44] Alfred Sigi, Herberi Deme. ASR-Traction Control [J]. SAE,900204
[45] Manfred Boos, Peter Kopf. Electronically-Controlled Limited Slip Differentialsand4-Wheel-Drive Transfer Gearboxes for Cars [J]. Drive System Technique,1994
[46] H.taureg, G.herrmann. Applications of Viscous Couplings for Traction Controlin Passenger Cars [J]. SAE,890524:11~17
[47] Simon C.Y.Tung, James L.Linden. Modeling Torque Converter Clutch ViscousDamper Performance [J]. SAE,850459
[48] Chen pan. Numerical Analysis of Torque Augmentation in Viscous Couplings
[D]. Syracuse University, USA. Dissertation of doctor,1998.4
[49] Muart Okcuoglu. An All Wheel Drive System Utilizing Twin HydraulicCouplings with Gerodisc System [J]. SAE,973235:1~7
[50] J.Maretzke, B.Richter. Directional Control of4WD Passenger Cars—A Studyby Computer Simulation [J]. SAE,861370
[51] Toji Takemura, Yasuhiro Niikura. An Analysis of Viscous Coupling TorqueTransmission Characteristics and Hump Phenomenon [J]. SAE Paper,900558
[52]刁增祥，余建星，王伟.轻型越野汽车限滑差速器装置选型分析[J].汽车技术，2002（11），18~21
[53]汪铸.几种越野式汽车锁止式差速器性能比较[J].呼伦贝尔学院学报，2002（5）
[54]周纪良.拖拉机及类似车辆传动系[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1991
[55]戴军康.汽车主减速器总成综合性能试验台的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2008