崩塌灾害链式演化跟踪研究
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摘要
崩塌是一种常见的地质灾害,是山区三大地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌、泥石流)之一,且在地质灾害中所占的比重非常大。国土资源部从1999年开始在地质灾害严重的县(市),开展了县市地质灾害调查,崩塌灾害9421处,占全部灾害点的17%。它以分布广、突发性和破坏性强、具有隐蔽性及容易链状成灾为特点,对基础设施建设和交通系统营运造成严重的危害,每年都会造成巨大的经济损失。因此,对崩塌灾害的研究应引起足够的重视。
本文对崩塌灾害的形成条件和影响因素进行了深入探讨,分析了崩塌灾害的形成机理,总结了三种较合理的崩塌破坏类型。以灾害链式理论为指导思想,对崩塌灾害进行了分阶段研究,分析了反应崩塌阶段性的特征指标参数,并对其中的部分参数进行了量化比较。在崩塌平衡状态的分析中,采用了静力分析和有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,明确了崩塌灾害阶段状态的判据模式,以此判据模式来作为崩塌稳定跟踪的主要参数。以断裂力学为基础,计算出崩塌灾害临界破坏时的应变能。依据能量平衡理论,得到崩塌体破坏后在某一瞬时的运动速度。通过对崩塌指标参数的跟踪来捕捉崩塌灾害阶段演化过程,构建出崩塌灾害动态跟踪的模型。用模糊数学的理论分析了崩塌灾害的设防水平,且给出了合理的工程治理方案。
最后本文以万州区太白岩东段的崩塌为背景,总结了崩塌的类型和分布情况,分析了崩塌的诱导因素及形成机理,采用静力分析法建立力学模型,求得稳定性系数,辅助以有限元数值模拟,分析可能工况下崩塌的位移场和应力场的变化。给出合理的工程治理方案,布置了合理的动态监测方案。
研究成果对崩塌灾害群测群防体系的构建提供了可靠的依据和参考,为构件库区地质灾害跟踪数据库、揭示崩塌灾害演变规律及其治理灾害策略方面,都具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
Collapse is a common geological disaster, it is one of the three major geological disasters(Collapse , Landslide ,Mud-rock Flow) in the mountains. it is very large in the proportion of geological disasters. Since 1999, Land and Resources have launched the city's geological hazard investigation of serious geological disasters in the city , to carry out geological hazard investigation. Collapse disaster in 9421, it accounts for 17% of all disaster points. Collapse is characterized by widely distributed, sudden and destructive strong, with covert and easy to chain-like disaster. It is often infrastructure construction and operation of transportation systems causing serious harm. Causing huge economic losses every year. Therefore, the collapse of disaster research should arouse enough attention.
In this paper, the formation conditions and the impact factors of collapse disaster in-depth discussion. Analysis the formation mechanism of collapse disaster . Have reasonable sum of three types of collapse damage. The theory of disaster chain collapses as the guiding ideology of the study of disasters in phases. Analysis of the stage of the characteristic index parameters of collapse. Some of them quantified the parameters compared. In the collapsed equilibrium analysis, use of static analysis and finite element numerical simulation of a combination of methods, have a clear criterion of collapse disaster phase state model, as the failure mode of the main parameters of stable tracking. The basis of fracture mechanics to calculate the collapse of disaster destroyed critical strain energy. Based on energy balance theory calculate an instantaneous velocity. Through the parameters of the tracking capture the evolution of disaster phase. Through the collapse of indicators to track the parameters to capture the collapse phase of evolution of disaster, building collapse disaster out of dynamic tracking model. Using Fuzzy mathematics and theoretical to analysis of the collapse disaster fortification levels, and given a reasonable engineering management program.
Finally this paper, Wanzhou District, the eastern section of the collapse of Taibai rock background. Sum up the collapse of the types and distribution. Analysis the factor and mechanism of collapse. Using static analysis of method establish a mechanical model. And obtain coefficient of stability. Supplemented by finite element numerical simulation, Analysis the possible operating conditions of failure of displacement and stress field of changing. Engineering management program is given a reasonable. Arranging a reasonable dynamic monitoring programs.
Research results on the collapse of mass monitoring and preventing disasters, to build the system provides a reliable basis and reference. Component of geological disasters in the reservoir area tracking database, revealing the evolution of the law and the collapse of disaster management disaster strategy, have important theoretical significance and application value.
本文对崩塌灾害的形成条件和影响因素进行了深入探讨,分析了崩塌灾害的形成机理,总结了三种较合理的崩塌破坏类型。以灾害链式理论为指导思想,对崩塌灾害进行了分阶段研究,分析了反应崩塌阶段性的特征指标参数,并对其中的部分参数进行了量化比较。在崩塌平衡状态的分析中,采用了静力分析和有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,明确了崩塌灾害阶段状态的判据模式,以此判据模式来作为崩塌稳定跟踪的主要参数。以断裂力学为基础,计算出崩塌灾害临界破坏时的应变能。依据能量平衡理论,得到崩塌体破坏后在某一瞬时的运动速度。通过对崩塌指标参数的跟踪来捕捉崩塌灾害阶段演化过程,构建出崩塌灾害动态跟踪的模型。用模糊数学的理论分析了崩塌灾害的设防水平,且给出了合理的工程治理方案。
最后本文以万州区太白岩东段的崩塌为背景,总结了崩塌的类型和分布情况,分析了崩塌的诱导因素及形成机理,采用静力分析法建立力学模型,求得稳定性系数,辅助以有限元数值模拟,分析可能工况下崩塌的位移场和应力场的变化。给出合理的工程治理方案,布置了合理的动态监测方案。
研究成果对崩塌灾害群测群防体系的构建提供了可靠的依据和参考,为构件库区地质灾害跟踪数据库、揭示崩塌灾害演变规律及其治理灾害策略方面,都具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
Collapse is a common geological disaster, it is one of the three major geological disasters(Collapse , Landslide ,Mud-rock Flow) in the mountains. it is very large in the proportion of geological disasters. Since 1999, Land and Resources have launched the city's geological hazard investigation of serious geological disasters in the city , to carry out geological hazard investigation. Collapse disaster in 9421, it accounts for 17% of all disaster points. Collapse is characterized by widely distributed, sudden and destructive strong, with covert and easy to chain-like disaster. It is often infrastructure construction and operation of transportation systems causing serious harm. Causing huge economic losses every year. Therefore, the collapse of disaster research should arouse enough attention.
In this paper, the formation conditions and the impact factors of collapse disaster in-depth discussion. Analysis the formation mechanism of collapse disaster . Have reasonable sum of three types of collapse damage. The theory of disaster chain collapses as the guiding ideology of the study of disasters in phases. Analysis of the stage of the characteristic index parameters of collapse. Some of them quantified the parameters compared. In the collapsed equilibrium analysis, use of static analysis and finite element numerical simulation of a combination of methods, have a clear criterion of collapse disaster phase state model, as the failure mode of the main parameters of stable tracking. The basis of fracture mechanics to calculate the collapse of disaster destroyed critical strain energy. Based on energy balance theory calculate an instantaneous velocity. Through the parameters of the tracking capture the evolution of disaster phase. Through the collapse of indicators to track the parameters to capture the collapse phase of evolution of disaster, building collapse disaster out of dynamic tracking model. Using Fuzzy mathematics and theoretical to analysis of the collapse disaster fortification levels, and given a reasonable engineering management program.
Finally this paper, Wanzhou District, the eastern section of the collapse of Taibai rock background. Sum up the collapse of the types and distribution. Analysis the factor and mechanism of collapse. Using static analysis of method establish a mechanical model. And obtain coefficient of stability. Supplemented by finite element numerical simulation, Analysis the possible operating conditions of failure of displacement and stress field of changing. Engineering management program is given a reasonable. Arranging a reasonable dynamic monitoring programs.
Research results on the collapse of mass monitoring and preventing disasters, to build the system provides a reliable basis and reference. Component of geological disasters in the reservoir area tracking database, revealing the evolution of the law and the collapse of disaster management disaster strategy, have important theoretical significance and application value.
引文
[1]第十七期国土资源管理市长研究班上.国土资源部党组成员王瑞生介绍
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[20]祈生文.研制边坡动力反应分析[M].北京.科学出版社.2007
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[29]徐昌文.模糊数学在船舶工程中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992
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[33]张友良.最新工程地质手册[M].北京:中国知识出版社.2006
[34]佘小年.崩塌、滑坡地质灾害监测现状综述[J].铁道工程学报.2007(104):6-11.
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[42]吴宝和.地表水和地下水对岩质边坡稳定性影响及防渗措施[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2003.14(3):140-141
[43]何建平.川中危岩崩塌稳定分析评价[J].四川建筑科学研究.2007.33(5)69-71
[44]刘佳等.边坡稳定性的动力影响因素分析[J].北方工业大学学报.2009.21(1)90-94
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[2]肖盛燮等.灾变链式理论及应用[M].科学出版社.2006.2
[3]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006增1:2593-2602
[4]曾廉.崩塌与防治[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社.1990
[5]石广斌等.石泉水电站陡高边坡崩塌机理分析及加固设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7)1186-1192
[6]胡厚田.崩塌与落石[M].北京.中国铁道出版社.1989
[7]孔宪立.岩体工程地质及其灾害[M].上海.同济大学出版社.1993
[8]魏永幸.崩坍落石灾害模型及其防治工程决策[J].地质灾害与环境保护.2004(2): 28 -31
[9]王立人,宋克强.崩塌的形成及危岩体的稳定性分析[J].陕西水力发电.第三期.1990: 16-22
[10]张卓元等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京.地质出版社.1992
[11]李智毅.工程地质学基础[M].武汉.中国地质大学出版社.1990
[12]范海军,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链式效应结构关系及其复杂性规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006.(178):2604-2609
[13]刘文方,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006.(178):2676-2678
[14]陶振宇.岩石力学原理[M].武汉.中国地质大学出版社.1990
[15]徐志英.岩石力学[M].北京.水利水电出版社.1981
[16]中国科学院武汉岩体土力学研究所.岩质边坡稳定性的试验研究与计算方法[M].北京.科学出版社.1981
[17]哈秋舲.岩石边坡工程[M].重庆.重庆大学出版社.1995
[18] Grandjean G.Evaluation of GPR techniques for civil-engi-neering applications study on a test site[J].Journal of Ap-plied Geophysics.2000(45).141—156
[19]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2005
[20]祈生文.研制边坡动力反应分析[M].北京.科学出版社.2007
[21]黄润秋.地质灾害过程模拟和过程控制研究[M].北京.科学出版社.2002
[22]肖盛燮等.灾变链式理论及应用[M].科学出版社.2006.2
[23]陈洪凯等.三峡库区危岩综合治理技术及应用[J].地下空间.2002(6):97-101
[24]陈洪凯等.长江三峡水库区危岩分类及宏观判据研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2005.16(4):53-57
[25]陈洪凯,王蓉,唐虹梅.危岩研究现状及趋势综述[J].重庆交通学院学报.2003.
[26]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓卫东.岩质边坡破坏机制有限元数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报2003.22(12):1943-1952
[27]肖盛燮等编著.模糊数学在土木与水利工程中的应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[28] Griffiths D V, Lane P A. Slope stability analysis by finite element[J]. Geotechnique.1999.49(3): 387-403.
[29]徐昌文.模糊数学在船舶工程中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992
[30]彭振斌,何忠明等.模糊评判在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].矿冶工程.2005.25(3):1-4
[31] Jiang G L,Magnan J P.Stability analysis of embankments:comparison of limit analysis with methods of slices[J].Geotechnique 1997.47(4):857—872
[32]李明,石晋旭等.滑坡耦合效应及耦合参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006.25(增1)2650-2655
[33]张友良.最新工程地质手册[M].北京:中国知识出版社.2006
[34]佘小年.崩塌、滑坡地质灾害监测现状综述[J].铁道工程学报.2007(104):6-11.
[35] [日]矢野义男等著.周顺行等译.泥石流、滑坡、陡坡崩坍防治工程手册[M].河北:河北大学出版社
[36]傅鹤林等.地质灾害预测预报国内外现状[J].湘南学院学报.2007(27):43-47
[37]程谦恭等.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].湘南学院学报.2007(1):72 -84
[38]林峰等.危岩链式规律的力学演绎[J].重庆大学学报.2007(2):95-97
[39]亚南等.崩塌落石运动学的模拟研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996(2):25-32
[40]韦启珍等.崩塌落石运动参数的数值模拟研究[J].中国水运.2008(3):165-166
[41]徐刚.重庆城市滑坡及崩塌的发育规律研究[J].西南师范大学学报,1990(4):542-545.
[42]吴宝和.地表水和地下水对岩质边坡稳定性影响及防渗措施[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2003.14(3):140-141
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