崩滑流灾变的渗透推移及阶段跟踪
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摘要
本文以长江三峡库区多元化的地质灾害和交通枢纽为背景,论述了严重影响库区交通设施(桥梁、公路、涵洞等)安全的崩滑流链式灾害。
长江三峡库区河流纵横,沟谷广布,地势高差悬殊,由于强烈的新构造运动,江河深切,山高坡陡,气候﹑植被类型复杂多变,地质环境脆弱;特别自西部大开发以来,人类活动日益增强,环境破坏随之加剧,以及近年来地震活跃,降雨异常等因素的影响,致使崩滑流链式灾变日趋强烈,而崩滑流链式灾变加剧了灾害的破坏速度、强度、范围,给库区交通带来毁坏性的损害,因此研究崩滑流链式灾变特征、规律及危害,既是一个复杂的理论课题,也是一个重大的工程应用问题。
本文以灾变链式理论为指导,以国家自然基金项目《基于灾变链式理论的多种灾害深化规律探索》S0879097和重庆市国土资源和房屋管理局科技计划项目《重庆库区地质灾害动态跟踪可视技术综合研究》为依托,结合巫山、奉节、云阳等地实际现场调研资料,论述在内外复杂因素的交互耦合作用下,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流3灾种中的任一或二个灾种率先爆发,诱使三重灾害先后接踵成链,同期迸发,其致灾及破坏的链式过程。此过程中,分析了崩滑流各个因素及因素间灾变机制,建立数学模型,并最终对潜在的崩滑流地质灾害对交通设施的影响进行评价。
通过推导、模拟崩滑流灾变链式过程,展示崩滑流的致灾延续过程、演化中的介质载体的转化与渗透关系和前后灾变之间的嵌套推移作用。又针对地震灾害与库区洪水变化,分析二者形成崩滑流的本质区别。最后在建模的基础上对崩滑流之间的演变组合规律进行探讨,其理论结果对库区交通设施安全预警及防治有着重要的参考和借鉴作用。
In this paper, the Three Gorges reservoir area a wide range of geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area transportation hub as the background, Discussed the serious impact on the reservoir area transportation facilities (bridges, roads, culverts, etc.) the safety of slump-flow chain disaster.
Yangtze River Three Gorges reservoir area rivers, valleys wide cloth, the terrain height difference gap, due to a strong new tectonic movement, river deep, mountain high steep slope, climate, vegetation type complex, fragile geological environment; especially since the western development, human beings activities, increasing damage to the environment consequent increase, as well as seismic activity in recent years, rainfall anomalies and other factors, leading to slump-flow chain and increasingly strong geological disasters. Therefore, the Study slump-flow characteristics of geological disasters in the reservoir area chain variable rules and the dangers and impact of transport facilities is a complex theoretical issue, but also a major engineering application problems.
In this paper, the theory as a guide, Based on the《heory of multi-hazard disaster chain rule to deepen exploration》S0879097and hongqing Science and Technology Land Resources and Housing Authority projects,《the Chongqing reservoir area of geological disasters in a comprehensive dynamic tracing visualization research》ined with Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang and so the actual on-site investigation data, discusses the complex factors inside and outside the interactive coupling effect, This process, the slump-flow analysis of the various factors and factors that change between the chain mechanism, establish a mathematical model and, ultimately, the slump-flow of potential geological disasters on the evaluation of the impact of transport facilities.
Through the derivation, simulation slump-flow chain transformation process, showing Slump flow flooding and continuation of the process of evolution of the media transformation and penetration of carrier relations and nested between the before and after the passage of the role of catastrophe. Finally, based on modeling the evolution of Slump-flow between the combination of the law to explore its theoretical result in the reservoir area security early warning and prevention of transport facilities has important reference and reference.
长江三峡库区河流纵横,沟谷广布,地势高差悬殊,由于强烈的新构造运动,江河深切,山高坡陡,气候﹑植被类型复杂多变,地质环境脆弱;特别自西部大开发以来,人类活动日益增强,环境破坏随之加剧,以及近年来地震活跃,降雨异常等因素的影响,致使崩滑流链式灾变日趋强烈,而崩滑流链式灾变加剧了灾害的破坏速度、强度、范围,给库区交通带来毁坏性的损害,因此研究崩滑流链式灾变特征、规律及危害,既是一个复杂的理论课题,也是一个重大的工程应用问题。
本文以灾变链式理论为指导,以国家自然基金项目《基于灾变链式理论的多种灾害深化规律探索》S0879097和重庆市国土资源和房屋管理局科技计划项目《重庆库区地质灾害动态跟踪可视技术综合研究》为依托,结合巫山、奉节、云阳等地实际现场调研资料,论述在内外复杂因素的交互耦合作用下,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流3灾种中的任一或二个灾种率先爆发,诱使三重灾害先后接踵成链,同期迸发,其致灾及破坏的链式过程。此过程中,分析了崩滑流各个因素及因素间灾变机制,建立数学模型,并最终对潜在的崩滑流地质灾害对交通设施的影响进行评价。
通过推导、模拟崩滑流灾变链式过程,展示崩滑流的致灾延续过程、演化中的介质载体的转化与渗透关系和前后灾变之间的嵌套推移作用。又针对地震灾害与库区洪水变化,分析二者形成崩滑流的本质区别。最后在建模的基础上对崩滑流之间的演变组合规律进行探讨,其理论结果对库区交通设施安全预警及防治有着重要的参考和借鉴作用。
In this paper, the Three Gorges reservoir area a wide range of geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area transportation hub as the background, Discussed the serious impact on the reservoir area transportation facilities (bridges, roads, culverts, etc.) the safety of slump-flow chain disaster.
Yangtze River Three Gorges reservoir area rivers, valleys wide cloth, the terrain height difference gap, due to a strong new tectonic movement, river deep, mountain high steep slope, climate, vegetation type complex, fragile geological environment; especially since the western development, human beings activities, increasing damage to the environment consequent increase, as well as seismic activity in recent years, rainfall anomalies and other factors, leading to slump-flow chain and increasingly strong geological disasters. Therefore, the Study slump-flow characteristics of geological disasters in the reservoir area chain variable rules and the dangers and impact of transport facilities is a complex theoretical issue, but also a major engineering application problems.
In this paper, the theory as a guide, Based on the《heory of multi-hazard disaster chain rule to deepen exploration》S0879097and hongqing Science and Technology Land Resources and Housing Authority projects,《the Chongqing reservoir area of geological disasters in a comprehensive dynamic tracing visualization research》ined with Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang and so the actual on-site investigation data, discusses the complex factors inside and outside the interactive coupling effect, This process, the slump-flow analysis of the various factors and factors that change between the chain mechanism, establish a mathematical model and, ultimately, the slump-flow of potential geological disasters on the evaluation of the impact of transport facilities.
Through the derivation, simulation slump-flow chain transformation process, showing Slump flow flooding and continuation of the process of evolution of the media transformation and penetration of carrier relations and nested between the before and after the passage of the role of catastrophe. Finally, based on modeling the evolution of Slump-flow between the combination of the law to explore its theoretical result in the reservoir area security early warning and prevention of transport facilities has important reference and reference.
引文
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[3]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(178):2594-2595
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[5]盛燮,冯玉涛,王肇慧等.灾变链式阶段的演化形态特征.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,178(25)
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[12]陈喜昌,陈莉.扩散-落石灾害防治浅论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1430-1432
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[15]涂帆.土坡渐进破坏的可靠度[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):87-90
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[24]盛海洋.我国自然灾害特征及其减灾对策[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):269—271.
[25]罗德富,吴积善.川滇黔地区突发性自然灾害系统分析[J].灾害学,1991,6(3):1-7.
[26]冯玉涛,肖盛燮.崩滑流地质灾害链式机理及其优化防治[J].自然灾害学报
[27]许强,黄润秋,王来贵.外界扰动诱发地质灾害的机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):280-284
[28]田连权.西南山地灾链的区域分析[J].山地研究,1995,13(2):116-120
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[30]王来贵,黄润秋,张倬元.岩石工程失稳破坏及其研究思路与方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):599-601
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[2]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2593-2602
[3]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(178):2594-2595
[4]海军,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链式效应结构关系及其复杂性规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(178):2604-2609
[5]盛燮,冯玉涛,王肇慧等.灾变链式阶段的演化形态特征.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,178(25)
[6]范海军,肖盛燮,郝艳广等.自然灾害链式效应结构关系及其复杂性规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2603-26011
[7]文方,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(178):2676-2678
[8]肖盛燮,冯玉涛,王肇慧等.灾变链式阶段的演化形态特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2629–2633
[9].刘文方,肖盛燮,隋严春等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2675-2677
[10]肖盛燮等.灾变链式理论及应用[M].北京科学出版社,2006.2
[11]卓光俊.重庆市主城区崩滑地质灾害诱因及评价[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[12]陈喜昌,陈莉.扩散-落石灾害防治浅论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1430-1432
[13]害地貌链及其临界过程初探.王文俊、唐晓春、王建力.灾害学.2000年3月,第15卷第1期
[14]然灾害研究的几个问题.陈玉琼.灾害学.1990年6月,第2期
[15]涂帆.土坡渐进破坏的可靠度[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):87-90
[16]陈忠.系统演化的趋极性原理[J].科学技术与辨证法,1995,12(2):9-13
[17] Nicolis G, Prigogine I. Self-organization in non-equilibrium systems. John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
[18]马宗晋.中国减灾重大问题研究[M].地震出版社,1992.
[19]景可,李凤新.泥沙灾害类型及成因机制分析[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):9-14.
[20]刘式达,刘式适.非线性动力学和复杂现象[M].气象出版社,1989,129-218.
[21]秦四清,张悼元,王士天.非线性工程地质学导引[M].西南交通大学出版社,1994,101-116.
[22]郑明新,王协生.分形理论在区域地质灾害预报中的应用研究[J] .地质灾害与环境保护,1998, 9(3)
[23]孙加林,曹井泉. 2001年昆仑山口西8.1级特大地震孕育过程及中强地震活动图像演化[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):28-34.
[24]盛海洋.我国自然灾害特征及其减灾对策[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):269—271.
[25]罗德富,吴积善.川滇黔地区突发性自然灾害系统分析[J].灾害学,1991,6(3):1-7.
[26]冯玉涛,肖盛燮.崩滑流地质灾害链式机理及其优化防治[J].自然灾害学报
[27]许强,黄润秋,王来贵.外界扰动诱发地质灾害的机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):280-284
[28]田连权.西南山地灾链的区域分析[J].山地研究,1995,13(2):116-120
[29]刘广润.地质灾害的群族性规律[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(1):1-4
[30]王来贵,黄润秋,张倬元.岩石工程失稳破坏及其研究思路与方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):599-601
[31]张梁等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[32] (法)E.勒普安特著、江小平译:《社会学家与灾害》[M],载《国外社会科学》,1992(1)
[33]陈洪凯,唐红梅,胡明,等.三峡库区危岩研究及防治新理念[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(5):27-32
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