特长公路隧道事故灾害与应急救援研究
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摘要
特长公路隧道的安全应急管理研究,已成为隧道工程中迫切需要解决的课题。已有的隧道事故研究大都集中在火灾通风模式、逃生和救援模式等单项研究上,缺乏对隧道事故的成灾特征和事故应急救援的整合性研究。本文完成的研究工作及取得的主要进展如下:
(1)从事故管理层面,建立了特长公路隧道事故致灾成灾模型,构筑了公路隧道事故预防机制,提出隧道交通事故、火灾事故及危险品泄漏事故的分级标准及初步应急措施。
(2)以消防车辆应急响应时间作为消防救援风险的判断标准,构建了特长隧道及其隧道群应急救援的时效性风险分析模型,给出了改善隧道群区段消防力量布局的构想,制定了危险品车辆通行特长公路隧道的控制策略。
(3)依托苍岭特长隧道工程实例,建立火灾烟气扩散和人员疏散模型,探讨了隧道内车辆之间的火蔓延和烟气流动规律,获得了火灾时人员和车辆疏散的安全性判据。
(4)综合救援路线与疏散路线,构建了救援路线和疏散路线相结合的特长公路隧道单点单次内侧车道事故、外侧车道事故、双车道事故的交通组织方案,提出了交通组织方案优先选择的原则和严重事故时隧道群区段交通诱导控制措施的一体化控制策略。
(5)从实际操作层面,提出了特长公路隧道应急救援的指挥机制,构建应急系统框架体系,确立了隧道应急救援的基本流程,编制了火灾事故应急救援预案,制定了隧道营运阶段的应急预案的演练计划。
本文依托浙江台缙高速公路苍岭隧道及隧道群工程实例,从隧道事故灾害着手,构建了特长公路隧道事故应急救援体系。这对复杂交通环境下妥善处理隧道突发事故具有直接操作价值,并对建立高速公路特长隧道及隧道群的经营管理机制和提高隧道突发事故的应急救援能力具有现实意义。
The accident emergency rescue of extra long highway tunnel has become a focus in tunnel operation. However, the most tunnel accident study were concentrated on Individual research, such as fire ventilation mode, escape and rescue mode of single highway tunnel, lacking all-around study of accident mechanism and emergency rescue in extra long highway tunnel. The main production in this paper as follows:
1) From accident management aspect, the accident disaster model of extra long highway tunnel was put forward, tunnel accident prevention mechanism was built, the classification standards and initial emergency response measures of traffic accident, fire accident and dangerous leakage accident were presented.
2) Taking urgent need response time of fire vehicle as judgment standard of rescue risk, effective risk analysis model for emergency rescue was constructed, proposition to improve arrangement of fire control strength sectors of tunnel groups was brought forward, and management tactics for the vehicles carrying dangerous cargo passing thorough tunnel were constituted.
3) Based on index of disposing of the fire operating mode, rate of traffic flow, personnel, arrangement of horizontal passing way of CangLing tunnel, fire CFD model was established to analyze fire spread and exhaust gas flowing law in different fire situation of tunnel. Evacuating model through horizontal pass way was constructed to analyze evacuating security of person and vehicle in the tunnel.
4) Combining rescue and evacuation routes, traffic organization programme of outboard driveway accident, inboard driveway and two driveways were constructed. Preferential option principle of traffic arrangement scheme and a group of traffic control measures of guiding control measures in sector of tunnel in serious accident were put forward.
5) From the aspect of practical operation, command mechanism of tunnel emergency rescues was presented. Frame system of the emergency system was constructed. The basic procedure of tunnel emergency rescues was established. Advance scheme of fire accident was organized, and operation plan to tunnel emergency preplan was constituted.
6) From tunnel accident characteristic, accident emergency rescue system of extra long tunnel was constructed based on the example of CangLing extra long tunnel, which has directly operating worth to carefully deal with tunnel accident under complicated condition and pragmatic significance on establishing tunnel management mechanism and enhancing our country tunnel safety management level and emergency handling capacity.
(1)从事故管理层面,建立了特长公路隧道事故致灾成灾模型,构筑了公路隧道事故预防机制,提出隧道交通事故、火灾事故及危险品泄漏事故的分级标准及初步应急措施。
(2)以消防车辆应急响应时间作为消防救援风险的判断标准,构建了特长隧道及其隧道群应急救援的时效性风险分析模型,给出了改善隧道群区段消防力量布局的构想,制定了危险品车辆通行特长公路隧道的控制策略。
(3)依托苍岭特长隧道工程实例,建立火灾烟气扩散和人员疏散模型,探讨了隧道内车辆之间的火蔓延和烟气流动规律,获得了火灾时人员和车辆疏散的安全性判据。
(4)综合救援路线与疏散路线,构建了救援路线和疏散路线相结合的特长公路隧道单点单次内侧车道事故、外侧车道事故、双车道事故的交通组织方案,提出了交通组织方案优先选择的原则和严重事故时隧道群区段交通诱导控制措施的一体化控制策略。
(5)从实际操作层面,提出了特长公路隧道应急救援的指挥机制,构建应急系统框架体系,确立了隧道应急救援的基本流程,编制了火灾事故应急救援预案,制定了隧道营运阶段的应急预案的演练计划。
本文依托浙江台缙高速公路苍岭隧道及隧道群工程实例,从隧道事故灾害着手,构建了特长公路隧道事故应急救援体系。这对复杂交通环境下妥善处理隧道突发事故具有直接操作价值,并对建立高速公路特长隧道及隧道群的经营管理机制和提高隧道突发事故的应急救援能力具有现实意义。
The accident emergency rescue of extra long highway tunnel has become a focus in tunnel operation. However, the most tunnel accident study were concentrated on Individual research, such as fire ventilation mode, escape and rescue mode of single highway tunnel, lacking all-around study of accident mechanism and emergency rescue in extra long highway tunnel. The main production in this paper as follows:
1) From accident management aspect, the accident disaster model of extra long highway tunnel was put forward, tunnel accident prevention mechanism was built, the classification standards and initial emergency response measures of traffic accident, fire accident and dangerous leakage accident were presented.
2) Taking urgent need response time of fire vehicle as judgment standard of rescue risk, effective risk analysis model for emergency rescue was constructed, proposition to improve arrangement of fire control strength sectors of tunnel groups was brought forward, and management tactics for the vehicles carrying dangerous cargo passing thorough tunnel were constituted.
3) Based on index of disposing of the fire operating mode, rate of traffic flow, personnel, arrangement of horizontal passing way of CangLing tunnel, fire CFD model was established to analyze fire spread and exhaust gas flowing law in different fire situation of tunnel. Evacuating model through horizontal pass way was constructed to analyze evacuating security of person and vehicle in the tunnel.
4) Combining rescue and evacuation routes, traffic organization programme of outboard driveway accident, inboard driveway and two driveways were constructed. Preferential option principle of traffic arrangement scheme and a group of traffic control measures of guiding control measures in sector of tunnel in serious accident were put forward.
5) From the aspect of practical operation, command mechanism of tunnel emergency rescues was presented. Frame system of the emergency system was constructed. The basic procedure of tunnel emergency rescues was established. Advance scheme of fire accident was organized, and operation plan to tunnel emergency preplan was constituted.
6) From tunnel accident characteristic, accident emergency rescue system of extra long tunnel was constructed based on the example of CangLing extra long tunnel, which has directly operating worth to carefully deal with tunnel accident under complicated condition and pragmatic significance on establishing tunnel management mechanism and enhancing our country tunnel safety management level and emergency handling capacity.
引文
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