3.3kV智能化组合磁力控制站综合保护系统的研究
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摘要
本文所研究的内容是山西省重点科技攻关项目“基于PLC控制的3.3kV八组合矿用磁力控制站测控系统的研究”(NO．031116)中保护系统的主要内容。3.3kV供电系统是90年代以后从国外引进的，采用3.3kV供电系统后极大地提高了煤矿井下的生产效率，形成了“一矿一井一面”的生产模式，这正是我国未来煤炭生产的发展趋势。然而由于我国在这方面的研究起步较晚，目前3.3kV系统的供配电设备全部依赖进口。从国外进口设备不但价格昂贵，而且配件供货周期长，严重制约着3.3kV高产高效工作面在我国煤炭行业的普及和发展。因此研究3.3kV组合磁力控制站不仅具有重大的经济意义，而且对于实现产品的国产化具有重要的现实意义。
本文深入系统地研究了组合磁力控制站的保护系统，具体内容如下：
首先介绍了3.3kV供电系统在国内外煤矿井下的应用和发展，阐述了研究该保护系统的必要性和紧迫性，通过对现有技术条件和国内对3.3kV供电系统的研究现状分析，论证了研究3.3kV组合磁力控制站的可行性，并根据现场的实际要求，提出了整个保护系统的性能指标、保护功能和技术要求，制定了相应的控制策略和控制方法。
根据3.3kV供电系统的运行特点及被控电动机的起动要求，分析了在实际运行过程中可能发生的故障的原因，以及故障发生后的电气特性，根据不同的电气特性设计了相应的保护电路，并制定了相应的技术指标。系统中所设置的保护主要有：漏电闭锁、漏电保护、短路保护、过载保护、两相短路保护、断相保护和电压保护。实验结果证明本文所设计的保护原理可行、性能稳定、动作可靠、灵敏度高。
太原理_卜人学硕f:学位论文
通过采用多CPU协同控制的模式，有效地提高了整个系
统工作的实时性，各CPU之间通过串行口进行通讯，文l一}，设
计了各CPU之间的通讯接口电路。针对井下的特殊环境，在
操作人员和测控系统之间建立了良好的人机界面，采用先进的
CPLD大规模逻辑器件实现额定参数的设定。实验表明，本文
所设计的控制系统实时性高，通讯电路工作可靠，参数整定方
便、准确。
针对井下工作环境恶劣、干扰信号强的特点，分析了干扰
源以及干扰信号的特性，提出了硬件、软件相结合的抗干扰措
施。通过这些措施的有效应用，使得整个系统具有较高的可靠
‘吐。
本文所设计的综合保护系统在智能电器实验室进行了初步
试验，试验结果表明:系统集八路电动机的各种保护、控制功
能于一体，采用多CPU协同工作模式，使整个系统运行稳
定，动作可靠，操作方便。彩色显示单元为整个系统提供了全
新的显示界面，预计产品投入生产后将具有广阔的应用前景。
The research project in this thesis is the protection part of "Study on the measurement and control system of 8 combined magnetic switchgear based on PLC in the 3.3kV underground distribution networks"(No.031116), which is supported by Science and Technology department of Shanxi province. The efficiency of coal production has been greatly improved since 3.3kV distribution networks was introduced from developed countries in the 1990s, and a new production mode has been formed, i.e. there is only one well and one working face in one colliery, which is the developing direction of coal production in our country in the future. However, it is still backward in the research field of 3.3kV power supply equipment in our country so that all of the electrical equipment in 3.3kV underground distribution networks are mainly imported from developed countries. It is quite evident that it is very important and urgent to develop the measurement and control system of the combined magnetic switchgears used in 3.3kV underground
distribution networks.
The research of protection system in 3.3kV combined magnetic switchgears is deeply carried out in this paper as following:
First of all, the development and the application of 3.3kV distribution networks in underground at home and abroad are reviewed, the necessity and exigency to develop the measurement and control system are also introduced. It has been proved by the investigation and analysis in the field that it is feasible to develop the 3.3kV flameproof combined vacuum switchgear in technology and engineering. The protective functions and technical specifications of the measurement and control system are put forward, and the control strategies and methods by MCU are also drawn up according to the field requirements.
The possible causes and the corresponding characteristics of electrical
faults occurred in underground power system networks are analyzed according to the specifications of 3.3kV distribution networks and the start requirements of asynchronous motors. The protection circuits are designed and the technical specifications are established based on different electrical characteristics. The main protective functions in the measurement and control system include: earth leakage lockout, earth leakage, symmetric short circuit, overload, asymmetric short circuit, one phase open, over-voltage and under-voltage. All the protective circuits designed in this paper have been tested and the results show that the protective circuits are feasible in theory, stable in performance, reliable in action and sensitive to electrical faults.
The real-time property of the measurement and control system is efficiently improved under the mode of multi-CPU working in coordination. Serial communication is adopted between CPUs and the communication circuit is also designed in this paper. Favorable interface has been established between operators and the measurement and control system. Advanced CPLD devices are applied in the rated parameter input circuits. The experimental results show that the measurement and control system can examine any fault immediately, the communication circuits work reliably and the parameters can be changed freely and exactly.
On the basis of actual situations of underground 3.3kV distribution networks, the interference sources and the characteristics of interference signals in industrial environment are discussed. With the exception of this, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to protect the measurement and control system from the interference signals. As a result the reliability and stability of the system has been greatly improved.
The protection system has been tested in the intelligent electrical equipment laboratory in TYUT. It has been proved by the tests that the system can not only control and protect 8 motors at the same time, but also work stably, act reliably and operate conveniently. In addition the color display designed in the system provides the running and faults parameters for the
operators. It can be predicted that
本文深入系统地研究了组合磁力控制站的保护系统，具体内容如下：
首先介绍了3.3kV供电系统在国内外煤矿井下的应用和发展，阐述了研究该保护系统的必要性和紧迫性，通过对现有技术条件和国内对3.3kV供电系统的研究现状分析，论证了研究3.3kV组合磁力控制站的可行性，并根据现场的实际要求，提出了整个保护系统的性能指标、保护功能和技术要求，制定了相应的控制策略和控制方法。
根据3.3kV供电系统的运行特点及被控电动机的起动要求，分析了在实际运行过程中可能发生的故障的原因，以及故障发生后的电气特性，根据不同的电气特性设计了相应的保护电路，并制定了相应的技术指标。系统中所设置的保护主要有：漏电闭锁、漏电保护、短路保护、过载保护、两相短路保护、断相保护和电压保护。实验结果证明本文所设计的保护原理可行、性能稳定、动作可靠、灵敏度高。
太原理_卜人学硕f:学位论文
通过采用多CPU协同控制的模式，有效地提高了整个系
统工作的实时性，各CPU之间通过串行口进行通讯，文l一}，设
计了各CPU之间的通讯接口电路。针对井下的特殊环境，在
操作人员和测控系统之间建立了良好的人机界面，采用先进的
CPLD大规模逻辑器件实现额定参数的设定。实验表明，本文
所设计的控制系统实时性高，通讯电路工作可靠，参数整定方
便、准确。
针对井下工作环境恶劣、干扰信号强的特点，分析了干扰
源以及干扰信号的特性，提出了硬件、软件相结合的抗干扰措
施。通过这些措施的有效应用，使得整个系统具有较高的可靠
‘吐。
本文所设计的综合保护系统在智能电器实验室进行了初步
试验，试验结果表明:系统集八路电动机的各种保护、控制功
能于一体，采用多CPU协同工作模式，使整个系统运行稳
定，动作可靠，操作方便。彩色显示单元为整个系统提供了全
新的显示界面，预计产品投入生产后将具有广阔的应用前景。
The research project in this thesis is the protection part of "Study on the measurement and control system of 8 combined magnetic switchgear based on PLC in the 3.3kV underground distribution networks"(No.031116), which is supported by Science and Technology department of Shanxi province. The efficiency of coal production has been greatly improved since 3.3kV distribution networks was introduced from developed countries in the 1990s, and a new production mode has been formed, i.e. there is only one well and one working face in one colliery, which is the developing direction of coal production in our country in the future. However, it is still backward in the research field of 3.3kV power supply equipment in our country so that all of the electrical equipment in 3.3kV underground distribution networks are mainly imported from developed countries. It is quite evident that it is very important and urgent to develop the measurement and control system of the combined magnetic switchgears used in 3.3kV underground
distribution networks.
The research of protection system in 3.3kV combined magnetic switchgears is deeply carried out in this paper as following:
First of all, the development and the application of 3.3kV distribution networks in underground at home and abroad are reviewed, the necessity and exigency to develop the measurement and control system are also introduced. It has been proved by the investigation and analysis in the field that it is feasible to develop the 3.3kV flameproof combined vacuum switchgear in technology and engineering. The protective functions and technical specifications of the measurement and control system are put forward, and the control strategies and methods by MCU are also drawn up according to the field requirements.
The possible causes and the corresponding characteristics of electrical
faults occurred in underground power system networks are analyzed according to the specifications of 3.3kV distribution networks and the start requirements of asynchronous motors. The protection circuits are designed and the technical specifications are established based on different electrical characteristics. The main protective functions in the measurement and control system include: earth leakage lockout, earth leakage, symmetric short circuit, overload, asymmetric short circuit, one phase open, over-voltage and under-voltage. All the protective circuits designed in this paper have been tested and the results show that the protective circuits are feasible in theory, stable in performance, reliable in action and sensitive to electrical faults.
The real-time property of the measurement and control system is efficiently improved under the mode of multi-CPU working in coordination. Serial communication is adopted between CPUs and the communication circuit is also designed in this paper. Favorable interface has been established between operators and the measurement and control system. Advanced CPLD devices are applied in the rated parameter input circuits. The experimental results show that the measurement and control system can examine any fault immediately, the communication circuits work reliably and the parameters can be changed freely and exactly.
On the basis of actual situations of underground 3.3kV distribution networks, the interference sources and the characteristics of interference signals in industrial environment are discussed. With the exception of this, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to protect the measurement and control system from the interference signals. As a result the reliability and stability of the system has been greatly improved.
The protection system has been tested in the intelligent electrical equipment laboratory in TYUT. It has been proved by the tests that the system can not only control and protect 8 motors at the same time, but also work stably, act reliably and operate conveniently. In addition the color display designed in the system provides the running and faults parameters for the
operators. It can be predicted that
引文
1 叶湘，陈守益．3.3kV供电系统的井下应用，中国煤炭，1998，24(11)，11-13
2 李海英，基于PLC控制的真空磁力控制站测控系统的研究，学位论文，太原理工大学，2002
3 郑福平，315A.3.3kV矿用真空磁力启动器，河北煤炭，1999，(4)，34-36
4 闫昌东，李淑锋，国产3.3kV供电设备在煤矿井下运行情况的分析，开关电气，2001(2)，13-14
5 中华人民共和国能源部．煤矿安全规程，北京，煤炭工业出版社，2001
6 赖昌干，张金程，皱有明，矿山电工学，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1991
7 王虹桥，附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线检测新方法，煤炭科学技术，2000，28(4)，19～21
8 胡天禄，矿井电网的漏电保护，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1987
9 周鹗，电机学，北京，中国电力出版社，1995第三版
10 DeVault,Birch. et al.Selection of short-circuit protection and control for Design E motors.IEEE Conference Record of Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference.Jun. 1998, 21～26
11 宋建成，石宗义，谢恒垫等，矿井电网过电流特征分析及其保护系统的研究，煤炭学报，2001，(1)，81-86
12 吴汉生，谈谈几种简易的电动机断相保护，广西水利水电，2000(3)，67～70
13 陈元新，金健，高压电动机的断相故障分析与保护装置，电气传动自动化，2000，22(4)，60-62
14 S.E.Zocholl, motor analysis and thermal protection, IEEE Trans. on Power Delirery, Vol.5,No.3,July 1990
15 张科，陈守聚，卢明等，限制投切高压电动机产生过电压的实验研究，高压技术，2001，27(6)，63～64
16 李健亭，真空断路器切合高压电动机产生过电压及其限制措施，电器开关，2000年第2期，19～26
17 徐志军，徐光晖，CPLD/FPGA的丌发与应用，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
18 赵曙光，郭万有，杨颂华，可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用，西安，电子科技大学出版社，2001
19 张原，可编程逻辑器件设计及应用，北京，机械工业出版社，2003
20 林敏，方颖力，VHDL数字系统设计与高层次设计，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
21 Farag, Wael A.; Kamel, Mahmoud I. Microprocessor-based protection system for three-phase induction motors. Electr Mach Power Syst. v 27 p 453-464, 1999
22 Atmel Corporation ,AT89C52 user Guide, 1999
23 MAXIM Corporation, MAX197 user Guide
24 A.N.Eliasen, high-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics, IEEE Trans. on power Apparatus and system, Vol. PAS-99, No.4 1980
25 宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣等，基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究，电网技术，1999，23(2)，38-41
26 崔景岳，刘思沛，聂文龙，煤矿供电，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1998
27 M.T.Bishop,et al. Overcurrent Protection Altematives for Underground Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan. 1995
28 毛哲，电动机微机保护的动态过载保护特性，武汉食品工业学院学报，1995，(4)，13～15
29 Berth, M, et al, Switching overvoltages in motor circuits, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, VOL.37, No.6, November 2001
30 童中祥，矿用真空电器过电压及抑制方法的研究，电器防爆，1995，(6)，23-25
31 何立民，MCS-51系列单片机系统及应用，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
32 钟肇新，可编程控制器入门教程，广州，华南理工大学出版社
33 SIEMENS，SIMATIC HMI TP170B触摸面板设备手册，2002
34 12SIEMENS，SIMATIC S7-200可编程控制器系统手册，2000，6
35 周航慈，单片机应用程序设计基础，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1991
36 龙可微．X25045芯片及其应用．电子技术应用，1999(9)：70-71
37 张克彦编著，MCS-51/196单片机浮点程序和实用程序．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
38 丁恩杰、谭得健等．微机监控系统抗干扰方法的研究及设计．煤矿自动化，1995(3)：10～12
39 刘光斌、刘冬、姚志成．单片机系统使用抗干扰技术．北京，人民邮电出版社．2003
40 王崇林，邹有明，供电技术，中国科学院，煤炭工业出版社，1997
41 郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成，电动机控制系统本质安全型先导回路的试验，电工技术杂志，2001，(9)，1-4
2 李海英，基于PLC控制的真空磁力控制站测控系统的研究，学位论文，太原理工大学，2002
3 郑福平，315A.3.3kV矿用真空磁力启动器，河北煤炭，1999，(4)，34-36
4 闫昌东，李淑锋，国产3.3kV供电设备在煤矿井下运行情况的分析，开关电气，2001(2)，13-14
5 中华人民共和国能源部．煤矿安全规程，北京，煤炭工业出版社，2001
6 赖昌干，张金程，皱有明，矿山电工学，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1991
7 王虹桥，附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线检测新方法，煤炭科学技术，2000，28(4)，19～21
8 胡天禄，矿井电网的漏电保护，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1987
9 周鹗，电机学，北京，中国电力出版社，1995第三版
10 DeVault,Birch. et al.Selection of short-circuit protection and control for Design E motors.IEEE Conference Record of Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference.Jun. 1998, 21～26
11 宋建成，石宗义，谢恒垫等，矿井电网过电流特征分析及其保护系统的研究，煤炭学报，2001，(1)，81-86
12 吴汉生，谈谈几种简易的电动机断相保护，广西水利水电，2000(3)，67～70
13 陈元新，金健，高压电动机的断相故障分析与保护装置，电气传动自动化，2000，22(4)，60-62
14 S.E.Zocholl, motor analysis and thermal protection, IEEE Trans. on Power Delirery, Vol.5,No.3,July 1990
15 张科，陈守聚，卢明等，限制投切高压电动机产生过电压的实验研究，高压技术，2001，27(6)，63～64
16 李健亭，真空断路器切合高压电动机产生过电压及其限制措施，电器开关，2000年第2期，19～26
17 徐志军，徐光晖，CPLD/FPGA的丌发与应用，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
18 赵曙光，郭万有，杨颂华，可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用，西安，电子科技大学出版社，2001
19 张原，可编程逻辑器件设计及应用，北京，机械工业出版社，2003
20 林敏，方颖力，VHDL数字系统设计与高层次设计，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
21 Farag, Wael A.; Kamel, Mahmoud I. Microprocessor-based protection system for three-phase induction motors. Electr Mach Power Syst. v 27 p 453-464, 1999
22 Atmel Corporation ,AT89C52 user Guide, 1999
23 MAXIM Corporation, MAX197 user Guide
24 A.N.Eliasen, high-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics, IEEE Trans. on power Apparatus and system, Vol. PAS-99, No.4 1980
25 宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣等，基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究，电网技术，1999，23(2)，38-41
26 崔景岳，刘思沛，聂文龙，煤矿供电，北京，煤炭工业出版社，1998
27 M.T.Bishop,et al. Overcurrent Protection Altematives for Underground Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan. 1995
28 毛哲，电动机微机保护的动态过载保护特性，武汉食品工业学院学报，1995，(4)，13～15
29 Berth, M, et al, Switching overvoltages in motor circuits, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, VOL.37, No.6, November 2001
30 童中祥，矿用真空电器过电压及抑制方法的研究，电器防爆，1995，(6)，23-25
31 何立民，MCS-51系列单片机系统及应用，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
32 钟肇新，可编程控制器入门教程，广州，华南理工大学出版社
33 SIEMENS，SIMATIC HMI TP170B触摸面板设备手册，2002
34 12SIEMENS，SIMATIC S7-200可编程控制器系统手册，2000，6
35 周航慈，单片机应用程序设计基础，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1991
36 龙可微．X25045芯片及其应用．电子技术应用，1999(9)：70-71
37 张克彦编著，MCS-51/196单片机浮点程序和实用程序．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
38 丁恩杰、谭得健等．微机监控系统抗干扰方法的研究及设计．煤矿自动化，1995(3)：10～12
39 刘光斌、刘冬、姚志成．单片机系统使用抗干扰技术．北京，人民邮电出版社．2003
40 王崇林，邹有明，供电技术，中国科学院，煤炭工业出版社，1997
41 郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成，电动机控制系统本质安全型先导回路的试验，电工技术杂志，2001，(9)，1-4