基于PLC控制的3.3kV移动变电站测控系统的研究
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摘要
3.3kV移动变电站是煤矿井下3.3kV供电系统的关键设备之一，担负着电能变换与传输的重要作用。由于传统移动变电站自身的固有缺陷，远不能满足现代化煤矿工作面高产高效运行的需要。因此研究智能型移动变电站综合测控系统对于提高供电质量、保障系统稳定运行，不仅具有重要的现实意义而且具有较高的经济价值。
本文深入系统地研究了基于PLC控制的移动变电站测控系统，主要内容如下：
针对我国煤矿井下移动变电站所装设电力变压器的运行现状，系统地分析了其故障原因，改进了传统变压器差动保护方法，有效躲过了变压器正常起动时的二次谐波电流，减少了保护误动现象，提高了动作可靠性。
在分析1140V供电系统传统漏电保护优缺点的基础上，针对3.3kV供电系统的特殊要求，确定了漏电动作值和闭锁值，设计了附加直流电源检测的漏电保护方案。它可准确检测三相电网绝缘对称下降与不对称下降故障，保证了漏电动作电阻值的稳定性。
以PLC为中央控制单元，设计了新型智能化移动变电站测
太原理工大学硕士学位论文
控系统。该系统具有短路、过载、断相、过流，过压、以及过
热等保护功能。通过大屏幕液晶显示器的设置，不仅能显示系
统正常运行参数，而且可以显示故障原因及故障参数，缩短了
判断和排除故障时间，提高了生产效率。
针对煤矿井下的特殊环境分析了所存在的干扰源及所产生
干扰信号的电气特征，针对不同特征的干扰信号，制定了相应
的硬件、软件防治措施，实验证明，这些抗干扰措施是有效的。
本文所研究的3.3kV移动变电站测控系统样机在实验室进
行了模拟试验，测试其动作参数，检验了各种保护特性。结果
表明:该测控系统性能稳定，动作可靠，显示准确，具有广阔
的应用前景。
The 3.3kV Mobile Transformer Substation (MTS) is one of the key electrical apparatus in the 3.3kV underground distribution networks, which plays important role in supplying and transforming electrical power energy. Traditional MTS cannot meet the needs for high production and high efficiency of fully mechanized coal mining face due to its inherent defects. It is hence important to develop a new measurement and control system with high significant for MTS.
The research of the measurement and control system for 3.3 kV MTS based on PLC is deeply carried out in this paper as following:
Aiming at the present operation condition of the power transformer applied in the MTS in underground in our country, fault causes for the power transformer are analyzed systematically and the traditional protective methods of the transformer are improved in this thesis. At the same time the second harmonic is dodged effectively during the normal starting. As a result the unexpected trip is reduced and the reliability is increased.
Based on the analysis of the advantage and disadvantage of the leakage protection in the 1140V underground power supply system and in accordance with the special needs of 3.3kV underground power supply system, the scheme of earth leakage protection on the basis of principle with additional direct current detection is designed by which the symmetric and asymmetric insulation faults in the underground distribution networks can be examined correctly. In addition, the tripping insulation resistance value and lockout insulation resistance value are determined and the stability of trip resistance value of the earth leakage fault is guaranteed.
A novel measurement and control system (MCS) used in 3.3kV MTS has been established based on PLC. By which these electrical faults, such as short circuit, over-load, over-voltage, phase open, earth leakage and so on, can be automatically distinguished and processed. Both the electrical parameters and
the fault reason can be displayed on the big liquid crystal screen, which can save the time in getting rid of the fault and improve the production efficiency.
Finally, according to the special environment in underground, the sources and the features of interference signals in underground environment are discussed; With the exception of this, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to eliminate interference signals from MTS in this paper.
The measurement and control system for the 3.3kV MTS has been tested in the laboratory, electrical parameters has been measured and the protection p.. rformance is proved. It has been shown that this protective system is stable, reliable and is of great-applied value in mining industry.
本文深入系统地研究了基于PLC控制的移动变电站测控系统，主要内容如下：
针对我国煤矿井下移动变电站所装设电力变压器的运行现状，系统地分析了其故障原因，改进了传统变压器差动保护方法，有效躲过了变压器正常起动时的二次谐波电流，减少了保护误动现象，提高了动作可靠性。
在分析1140V供电系统传统漏电保护优缺点的基础上，针对3.3kV供电系统的特殊要求，确定了漏电动作值和闭锁值，设计了附加直流电源检测的漏电保护方案。它可准确检测三相电网绝缘对称下降与不对称下降故障，保证了漏电动作电阻值的稳定性。
以PLC为中央控制单元，设计了新型智能化移动变电站测
太原理工大学硕士学位论文
控系统。该系统具有短路、过载、断相、过流，过压、以及过
热等保护功能。通过大屏幕液晶显示器的设置，不仅能显示系
统正常运行参数，而且可以显示故障原因及故障参数，缩短了
判断和排除故障时间，提高了生产效率。
针对煤矿井下的特殊环境分析了所存在的干扰源及所产生
干扰信号的电气特征，针对不同特征的干扰信号，制定了相应
的硬件、软件防治措施，实验证明，这些抗干扰措施是有效的。
本文所研究的3.3kV移动变电站测控系统样机在实验室进
行了模拟试验，测试其动作参数，检验了各种保护特性。结果
表明:该测控系统性能稳定，动作可靠，显示准确，具有广阔
的应用前景。
The 3.3kV Mobile Transformer Substation (MTS) is one of the key electrical apparatus in the 3.3kV underground distribution networks, which plays important role in supplying and transforming electrical power energy. Traditional MTS cannot meet the needs for high production and high efficiency of fully mechanized coal mining face due to its inherent defects. It is hence important to develop a new measurement and control system with high significant for MTS.
The research of the measurement and control system for 3.3 kV MTS based on PLC is deeply carried out in this paper as following:
Aiming at the present operation condition of the power transformer applied in the MTS in underground in our country, fault causes for the power transformer are analyzed systematically and the traditional protective methods of the transformer are improved in this thesis. At the same time the second harmonic is dodged effectively during the normal starting. As a result the unexpected trip is reduced and the reliability is increased.
Based on the analysis of the advantage and disadvantage of the leakage protection in the 1140V underground power supply system and in accordance with the special needs of 3.3kV underground power supply system, the scheme of earth leakage protection on the basis of principle with additional direct current detection is designed by which the symmetric and asymmetric insulation faults in the underground distribution networks can be examined correctly. In addition, the tripping insulation resistance value and lockout insulation resistance value are determined and the stability of trip resistance value of the earth leakage fault is guaranteed.
A novel measurement and control system (MCS) used in 3.3kV MTS has been established based on PLC. By which these electrical faults, such as short circuit, over-load, over-voltage, phase open, earth leakage and so on, can be automatically distinguished and processed. Both the electrical parameters and
the fault reason can be displayed on the big liquid crystal screen, which can save the time in getting rid of the fault and improve the production efficiency.
Finally, according to the special environment in underground, the sources and the features of interference signals in underground environment are discussed; With the exception of this, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to eliminate interference signals from MTS in this paper.
The measurement and control system for the 3.3kV MTS has been tested in the laboratory, electrical parameters has been measured and the protection p.. rformance is proved. It has been shown that this protective system is stable, reliable and is of great-applied value in mining industry.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国能源部．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，2001
[2] 王崇林、邹有明等．供电技术．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1997
[3] 宋建成，翟生勤等．矿井低压电网漏电保护技术的发展．电网技术，2001，25(10)：58-62
[4] SIEMENS. Protection systems Catalog. Sip 3, 1999
[5] 张培铭，廖希仁等．展望21世纪电器发展方向——人工智能电器．电工技术杂志，1999，(4)：21～21
[6] 崔景岳．煤矿供电．北京：’煤炭工业出版社，1988
[7] 胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[8] 顾家辉等．煤矿电工手册．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[9] 刘忠富．太原理工大学硕士学位论文．2003
[10] 耿毅．工业企业供电．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991
[11] W K Wong, D L Osbom, J L Mcavoy. Application of Compact Static VAR Compensators to Distribution System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1990, 15 (2)
[12] 朱丽兰、卢鸣谷等．可编程序控制器．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[13] 钟肇新、彭侃．可编程序控制器原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1991
[14] 丁书文、黄训诚、胡启宙．变电站综合自动化原理及应用．北京：中国电力出版社，1991
[15] 李永丽、梅云等．一种基于序功率方向的变压器保护方案．电力系统自动化，2002，25(2)：28～31
[16] 王维俭、刘俊宏．试论变压器差动保护的现状与发展．电力自动化设备，1996，11(4)：8～13
[17] BRUSH TRANSFORMERS LIMITED LOUGHBOROUGH LEICESTERSHIRE FIRST PUBLICATION . JANUARY
[18] 阮明霞．变压器保护中若干问题讨论．福建电力与电工，2001，21(3)：38～41
[19] ABB. Installation/Maintenance Manual PDIA6-800AA
[20] 张爱萍、吴建江等．干式变压器温控仪的研制．武汉大学学报，2001(2)：86～69
[21] 陈悦明．89C51在变压器温度自动检测与控制中的应用．南昌大学学报，1998(9)：245～249
[22] 江和、张培铭、陈津．智能型温度保护器的研究．中小型电机，2000，(5)：29～30
[23] 宋建成．矿井低压电网选择性漏电保护性能的改进方法．继电器，1998，26(5)：34～39
[24] 王志宏．煤矿井下用电与安全．北京：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
[25] Ronald G Harley, The effects of unbalanced networks and unbalanced faults on induction motor transient stability. IEEE trans, on Energy conversion, 1988, 26 (5)
[26] Paul B.COMMINGS, Protection of induction motors against unbalanced voltage operation,IEEE Trans. On Ind. 1985, 24 (2)
[27] 刘思沛，聂文龙，崔景岳等．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[28] Bishop M T overcorrect protection alternatives for underground distribution systems IEEE Trans on Power Delivery ,1995,10(1):182～190
[29] 宋建成、谢恒堃、王雁欣、李安平．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999(2)：38-41
[30] 宋建成、石宗义等．单片机在矿用隔爆型真空馈电开关中的应用．煤炭科学技术，1995(1)：50-54
[31] 杨有启．电气安全规程．北京：北京经济学院出版社，1991
[32] 王勇、变电站10kV真空开关过电压保护的有关意见．华北电力技术，2000(6)：26～31
[33] 黄得山、任丕清．各类矿用高低压防爆开关．西山矿务局机电处职教办
[34] DCZB-X系列微电脑程序控制高压开关综合保护器使用说明书．北京顺城电子技术公司，1999．7
[35] 同中祥．矿用真空电气过电压及抑制方法的研究．电气防爆，1995(1)：23～25
[36] 戈军．RC过电压吸收器在设计中的应用．煤矿设计，1994(1)：7～8
[37] 德国西门子公司．可编程控制器SIMATIC S7-200操作手册，1994
[38] SIEMENS SIMATIC HMI TP7. 1998. 12
[39] 王幸之、王雷、翟成、王闪．单片及应用系统抗干扰分析．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．12
[40] 诸邦田编著．电子电路使用抗干扰技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1994(10)
[41] 王啸．单片机系统的抗干扰技术．宜春学院学报，2002(12)：22～28
[42] 赵保经、王晓光、郑敏政等．可编程序控制器．国防工业出版社，1995．5
[43] Steve Leibson. The Handbook of Microcomputer Interfacing, 1987
[44] Robert J.Bibbero. Microprocessors in Instruments and Control, 1987
[45] 周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．11
[2] 王崇林、邹有明等．供电技术．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1997
[3] 宋建成，翟生勤等．矿井低压电网漏电保护技术的发展．电网技术，2001，25(10)：58-62
[4] SIEMENS. Protection systems Catalog. Sip 3, 1999
[5] 张培铭，廖希仁等．展望21世纪电器发展方向——人工智能电器．电工技术杂志，1999，(4)：21～21
[6] 崔景岳．煤矿供电．北京：’煤炭工业出版社，1988
[7] 胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[8] 顾家辉等．煤矿电工手册．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[9] 刘忠富．太原理工大学硕士学位论文．2003
[10] 耿毅．工业企业供电．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991
[11] W K Wong, D L Osbom, J L Mcavoy. Application of Compact Static VAR Compensators to Distribution System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1990, 15 (2)
[12] 朱丽兰、卢鸣谷等．可编程序控制器．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[13] 钟肇新、彭侃．可编程序控制器原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1991
[14] 丁书文、黄训诚、胡启宙．变电站综合自动化原理及应用．北京：中国电力出版社，1991
[15] 李永丽、梅云等．一种基于序功率方向的变压器保护方案．电力系统自动化，2002，25(2)：28～31
[16] 王维俭、刘俊宏．试论变压器差动保护的现状与发展．电力自动化设备，1996，11(4)：8～13
[17] BRUSH TRANSFORMERS LIMITED LOUGHBOROUGH LEICESTERSHIRE FIRST PUBLICATION . JANUARY
[18] 阮明霞．变压器保护中若干问题讨论．福建电力与电工，2001，21(3)：38～41
[19] ABB. Installation/Maintenance Manual PDIA6-800AA
[20] 张爱萍、吴建江等．干式变压器温控仪的研制．武汉大学学报，2001(2)：86～69
[21] 陈悦明．89C51在变压器温度自动检测与控制中的应用．南昌大学学报，1998(9)：245～249
[22] 江和、张培铭、陈津．智能型温度保护器的研究．中小型电机，2000，(5)：29～30
[23] 宋建成．矿井低压电网选择性漏电保护性能的改进方法．继电器，1998，26(5)：34～39
[24] 王志宏．煤矿井下用电与安全．北京：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
[25] Ronald G Harley, The effects of unbalanced networks and unbalanced faults on induction motor transient stability. IEEE trans, on Energy conversion, 1988, 26 (5)
[26] Paul B.COMMINGS, Protection of induction motors against unbalanced voltage operation,IEEE Trans. On Ind. 1985, 24 (2)
[27] 刘思沛，聂文龙，崔景岳等．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[28] Bishop M T overcorrect protection alternatives for underground distribution systems IEEE Trans on Power Delivery ,1995,10(1):182～190
[29] 宋建成、谢恒堃、王雁欣、李安平．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999(2)：38-41
[30] 宋建成、石宗义等．单片机在矿用隔爆型真空馈电开关中的应用．煤炭科学技术，1995(1)：50-54
[31] 杨有启．电气安全规程．北京：北京经济学院出版社，1991
[32] 王勇、变电站10kV真空开关过电压保护的有关意见．华北电力技术，2000(6)：26～31
[33] 黄得山、任丕清．各类矿用高低压防爆开关．西山矿务局机电处职教办
[34] DCZB-X系列微电脑程序控制高压开关综合保护器使用说明书．北京顺城电子技术公司，1999．7
[35] 同中祥．矿用真空电气过电压及抑制方法的研究．电气防爆，1995(1)：23～25
[36] 戈军．RC过电压吸收器在设计中的应用．煤矿设计，1994(1)：7～8
[37] 德国西门子公司．可编程控制器SIMATIC S7-200操作手册，1994
[38] SIEMENS SIMATIC HMI TP7. 1998. 12
[39] 王幸之、王雷、翟成、王闪．单片及应用系统抗干扰分析．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．12
[40] 诸邦田编著．电子电路使用抗干扰技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1994(10)
[41] 王啸．单片机系统的抗干扰技术．宜春学院学报，2002(12)：22～28
[42] 赵保经、王晓光、郑敏政等．可编程序控制器．国防工业出版社，1995．5
[43] Steve Leibson. The Handbook of Microcomputer Interfacing, 1987
[44] Robert J.Bibbero. Microprocessors in Instruments and Control, 1987
[45] 周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．11