高压电力计量系统故障分析与检测
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摘要
在电力系统的发、输、供过程中,电能计量尤其是高电压大容量的电能计量是非常重要的一环。计量系统发生故障,不论是自然产生还是人为造成其结果都导致计量系统不能准确计量用户所用电量。因此,研究检测故障的方法非常必要。其中,电流互感器短路(包括一、二次短路和二次相间短路)和极性反接故障以及电能表缺相故障的检测技术是当前电力计量系统的热门研究课题之一。基于这一原因,本文将电流互感器短路故障检测作为重点研究内容,主要包括:
第一,提出高压电力计量系统网络故障模型。首先通过对不同负荷下计量系统电路参数的分析,得出网络阻抗与电流互感器一、二次侧短路之间的密切关系。其次,设计辅助电路,用于检测阻抗的变化,从而导出故障检测模型。最后进行了仿真研究,以证明模型对故障检测的有效性。
第二,对高压计量系统的电能表缺相以及欠压故障进行分析,并分析这两种故障的几种常用检测方法。在对电流互感器二次回路相间短路和极性反接故障分析的基础上,提出根据两相电流的相位关系判断故障的检测方法,该方法不仅可以判断故障的发生而且还可以分辨故障的类型。这种方法电路简单,需要测量的参数少,简单易行。
The measurement of the electric power system with high voltage and strong capacity plays an important role in the course of electric system generation, transmission and supply. The fault of measurement system, whether it is caused by nature or by human beings, can lead to the wrong measurement of the electric power which is used by users.Consequently, it is necessary to explore some methods by which the fault of the electric power measurement system can be diagnosed correctly. Among these methods is the detection technology of the the short circuit fault of the current transformer (including the short circuit of primary/secondary side, short circuit of secondary side of current transformers) and opposing connection of transformer and one or two of the three-phase voltage disconnection which are one of the hot research topics in the electric power measurement system.Based on such a reason, the detection technology of the the short circuit fault of the current transformer is taken as the main research content which is explained in details as follows:
(1) A network fault model for the high voltage electric power metering system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the closed relations between short circuit of the primary or secondary side of current transformer and the network impedance are drawn from the circuit parameter analysis of the metering system under the different loads. Secondly, an auxiliary circuit is designed, used to detect the impedance changes from which the fault model is derived. Finally, Simulations are performed on the model to demonstrate the efficiency of the fault detection model.
(2) It is analyzed that one or two of the three-phase voltage disconnection and some means of detecting fault. Meanwhile, it is also analyzed that the fault of short circuit of secondary side of current transformers and opposing connection of current transformer. We can judge not only faults but also the types of the faults by use of the phase relationship of two-phase current. The detection circuit is simple, realized easily; furthermore, only two voltage values need to be measured.
第一,提出高压电力计量系统网络故障模型。首先通过对不同负荷下计量系统电路参数的分析,得出网络阻抗与电流互感器一、二次侧短路之间的密切关系。其次,设计辅助电路,用于检测阻抗的变化,从而导出故障检测模型。最后进行了仿真研究,以证明模型对故障检测的有效性。
第二,对高压计量系统的电能表缺相以及欠压故障进行分析,并分析这两种故障的几种常用检测方法。在对电流互感器二次回路相间短路和极性反接故障分析的基础上,提出根据两相电流的相位关系判断故障的检测方法,该方法不仅可以判断故障的发生而且还可以分辨故障的类型。这种方法电路简单,需要测量的参数少,简单易行。
The measurement of the electric power system with high voltage and strong capacity plays an important role in the course of electric system generation, transmission and supply. The fault of measurement system, whether it is caused by nature or by human beings, can lead to the wrong measurement of the electric power which is used by users.Consequently, it is necessary to explore some methods by which the fault of the electric power measurement system can be diagnosed correctly. Among these methods is the detection technology of the the short circuit fault of the current transformer (including the short circuit of primary/secondary side, short circuit of secondary side of current transformers) and opposing connection of transformer and one or two of the three-phase voltage disconnection which are one of the hot research topics in the electric power measurement system.Based on such a reason, the detection technology of the the short circuit fault of the current transformer is taken as the main research content which is explained in details as follows:
(1) A network fault model for the high voltage electric power metering system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the closed relations between short circuit of the primary or secondary side of current transformer and the network impedance are drawn from the circuit parameter analysis of the metering system under the different loads. Secondly, an auxiliary circuit is designed, used to detect the impedance changes from which the fault model is derived. Finally, Simulations are performed on the model to demonstrate the efficiency of the fault detection model.
(2) It is analyzed that one or two of the three-phase voltage disconnection and some means of detecting fault. Meanwhile, it is also analyzed that the fault of short circuit of secondary side of current transformers and opposing connection of current transformer. We can judge not only faults but also the types of the faults by use of the phase relationship of two-phase current. The detection circuit is simple, realized easily; furthermore, only two voltage values need to be measured.
引文
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[2] 陈信华,姜丽娟. 电能计量装置分类及计量方式简介[J].电测与仪表.2004.41(457):4-6.
[3] 石新利,杜玺峰,闫影,奚磊,李启林.电能计量装置电流回路相间短路或一相短路的分析与计算 [J].电测与仪表 2005 .42(7), 25-27.
[4] 曹瑞基,杨梅.高压电力计量箱窃电方式分析[J].上海计量测试论文.2003.30(2)14-16.
[5] 赵喜云.现场电流互感器错误接线对计量影响的分析[J].河北电力技术 2003.22(S1):27-29.
[6] 韩松林 王学斌,三相电度表的错接线及其对电能计量的影响(上)[J] 电测与仪表,1991,V36:19-22
[7] Han Song-lin, Tang Ling.The influence on the measurement of wrong circuit of the electric meter[J]. 1999, 36(2):15-19.
[8] 杨体.对电能表防窃电的分析[J].电力自动化设备.2002.22(3): 84-85.
[9] 李景村. 防窃电器的探讨[J]. 农村电气化. 1999.12(9):42-44.
[10] 张刚.大型电力用户智能反窃电装置的研制.大连:大连理工大学硕士论文,2000.
[11] 杨恩立.用六角图法快速准确判断电能表误接线[J].电测与仪表,1998.1 V35 :14-16
[12] 李音,王哲. 三相三线电能表计量装置错误接线的简化分析[J].电测与仪表.2006, 43(3) :24-26
[13] 王昊. 电能计量装置状态检查技术的研究. 华北电力大学工程硕士论文,2003.
[14] 戴俊峰.电能表错接线远程诊断系统. 北京: 北京交通大学硕士论文, 2006.
[15] Erakovic I, Rakic D, Lapcevic V, Marjianovic S, Djonovic M. A system for remote meter reading and load management. NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METER AND TARIFFS FOR ENERGY SUPPLY. IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS, 1999, (462):196-199.
[16] S.Ltoral, J.M.Queroand L.G.Franquelo. Reactive power and enery measurement in frequency domain using random pulse arithmetic.IEE PROCEEDINGS SCIENCE, MEASUREMENTAND TECHNOLOGY.2001, 148(2):63-67.
[17] Bashir, Zidan; EI-Hawarv, Short term load forecasting by using wavelet neural network.[C] M.E Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 1May 7-May 10 2000.
[18] Kim, Kwang-Ho; Youm, Hyoung-Sun; Kang, Yong-Cheol. Short-time forecasing for special days in anomalous load conditions using neural networks and fuzzy inference method. [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System.2000 15(2):559-565.
[19] Kim, Kwang-Ho; Youm, Hyoung-Sun; Kang, Yong-Cheol. Short-time forecasing for special days in anomalous load conditions using neural networks and fuzzy inference method. [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System.2000 15(2):559-565.
[20] Tanini, moh Tamimi, Mohammad. Short Term Electric load forecasting Via fuzzy neural collaboration [J]. Electric Power Systems Research. 2000.56(3):243-248.
[21] Liang, R-H, Cheng, C.-C. Short-term load forecasting by a neuro-fuzzy based approach [J]. International journal of Electrical Power and Energy System. 2002 .24(2): 103-111.
[22] 程海花,李小明,黄军高,张莲梅,刘世琦.电能量计量计费系统的窃电检测[J].电力自动化设备.2002, 22(6):64-67.
[23] 孙洪波,唐治得,李冀望. 三相二元件有功电能表防窃电技术[J].重庆大学学报 2002 25(12):87-90.
[24] 吴安岚,朱芸.三相四线三元件有功电能计量装置误接线时的更正系数[J]. 电测与仪表.2003 455(40) 29-36.
[25] 熊兰英,栗时平.浅谈无功电能表计量方法及标准[J] .仪表与计量技术. 34-38
[26] 刘宇怀,叶毅,刘锦高.三项无功测量方法的误差 [J].电测与仪表.2003 40(9) :29-31
[27] 李强,关于窃电与反窃电的思考,吉林电力公司,国家电力信息网 2002.3.7.
[28] 支林飞,美国电力危机加剧,滕州日报 2001.6.12.
[29] LI Jing-cun.Research of guarding against the theft of electricity.Country Electrifification [J].1999, 12(9):42-44.
[30] 赵建军. 电能计量箱附加智能防窃电装置 [P] 中国专利,ZL01233757.9.
[31] Han Song-lin. Research of the functions of guanding against the theft of electricity.Electrical Measurement and instrumentation [J], 1999, 36(7):8-12.
[32] 高 山 , 黄 兴 泉 . 智 能 型 高 压 电 能 表 错 接 线 判 定 仪 设 计 [J]. 电 测 与 仪 表 .1999, 35(389):12-15.
[33] 徐铭. HA01 系列供电计量监测仪及其防窃电效果[J].华北电力技术.1999.10:39-43.
[34] 程海花.基于电能量采集与分析系统的窃电检测的研究. 武汉:武汉大学硕士论文.2002.
[35] 韩松林,尚德祖.对几种新型电能表防窃电功能的辨识[J].电测与仪表.2002, 39(443):46-49.
[36] Sandip Chattopadyay. Designing Energy Meters With the PIC16F873A [J]. MICrochip Techonlogy Inc.2005, 1-18.
[37] 陈炳球.论电能计量计费系统建设与实用化.广州:华南理工大学硕士论文.2005
[38] Paracha ZJ, Doulai P. Load management-Techniques and methods in electric power system. IEEE CONFERENCE RECORD.1998:213-217.
[39] 陈珩. 电力系统稳态分析[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,1995
[40] collaboration [J]. Electric Power Systems Research[J]. 2000.56(3):243-248
[41] Xiaodong Wang, H Vincent Poor.Wireless commuciation systems, advanced techniques for signal reception [M]. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2004.
[42] Gary Srogers, John Edwards. An introduction to wireless technology[M].Bei jing: Publishing of tsinghua, 2005.
[43] 丘关源. 电路分析基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[44] 陈向群. 电压互感器的工作原理及误差[J].大众用电.2003.11:37-38.
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