基于vxworks实时操作系统的电力负荷控制终端的研究
|
摘要
电力负荷控制不仅是配电自动化的组成部分,而且是负荷管理的技术手段。其目的是采用合理的峰谷电价差别,调动广大用户参加电力系统调峰,同时利用自动控制技术,提高发、供、用电设备的利用率,对保证电网安全、稳定、经济运行有着重要的经济意义和社会效益。
在原有的传统电力负荷控制装置的基础上,本文设计了一种新型电力负荷控制终端,利用现代微电子技术、计算机技术、控制技术以及无线通讯技术,很好的解决了当前电能仪表行业面临如何对电能准确测量和合理利用,如何利用经济杠杆手段使有限的电力发挥更大作用的问题。
本文首先对电力负荷控制的现状进行了详细的需求分析,在全面了解国内外研究现状的基础上,提出了终端系统的硬、软件整体设计方案,从理论上进行了可行性论证,并对该方案进行了具体设计。文章详细阐述了硬件系统中交流采集单板、主控单板、输入输出接口单板的电路原理设计和软件开发流程,并对CAN(Controller Area Network)总线在系统中的应用进行了具体分析。然后对Vxworks操作系统在ARM7(Advanced RISC Machines 7)硬件上的系统移植、驱动开发以及上层软件模块设计进行了详细解析,特别是针对系统移植,做了一些开创性的工作。论文最后对整个系统的设计进行了分析和总结,并提出了一些改进意见。
本课题的创新、独特之处在于引入了开发平台的概念,选择高性能低功耗的ARM7作为系统的硬件平台,商用Vxworks实时操作系统作为软件平台,CAN总线作为系统板间通讯的统一平台,这些平台集成于一体,提高了负荷控制终端设计的灵活性和装置的可靠性。由于模块相互独立,因此为以后的系统功能扩展和其他产品的研究开发工作奠定了平台基础。
整个终端系统具有稳定性好、实用性强、功能强大等特点,可广泛用于电力需求侧管理与服务领域,实现用户电能的监测,控制和管理,具有很大的市场应用前景。
As a part of the Automatization of Power Distribution, Electric Load Control is also a technique of Electric Load Management. The aim is to involve mostly users in electric power system peak-load by adopting rational electrovalent difference between peak and valley. It uses auto-control technology to promote load ratio, and improve device usage ratio during power generation, supply and user. It is enable to make power network run more economically and safely. And it also provides with great advantages for the whole society.
By utilizing the micro-electronics technology、computer technology and control technology, the new-type Electric Load Control System solves the problem that how to measure electric energy accurately and utilize electric energy rationally.
Firstly, the paper puts forward the design scheme based on the analysis of market demands and gives an argumentation on feasibility of this scheme. Then it expatiates the circuit design principle of the AC sample system、ARM7 master system and IO interface system, especially explain the application of CAN Bus on the system in detail. Afterwards, the BSP and Driver development of Vxworks Real-Time OS is analyzed. Lastly, it gives a summarization on this system, and brings forward some suggestions.
The new-type Electric Load Control System introduced in this paper succeeds in introducing the conception of research and develop environment that is convenient to expand the functions of this system. The system is based on the Advanced RISC Machines CPU and Vxworks Real-Time Operation System. Besides these, the communication part of system adopts the Controller Area Network Bus Technology.
The design of this new-type Electric Load Control System has the characteristic of high-stability and multi-function. Therefore, it is extensively applied in the area of Power market and Demand-Side Management.
在原有的传统电力负荷控制装置的基础上,本文设计了一种新型电力负荷控制终端,利用现代微电子技术、计算机技术、控制技术以及无线通讯技术,很好的解决了当前电能仪表行业面临如何对电能准确测量和合理利用,如何利用经济杠杆手段使有限的电力发挥更大作用的问题。
本文首先对电力负荷控制的现状进行了详细的需求分析,在全面了解国内外研究现状的基础上,提出了终端系统的硬、软件整体设计方案,从理论上进行了可行性论证,并对该方案进行了具体设计。文章详细阐述了硬件系统中交流采集单板、主控单板、输入输出接口单板的电路原理设计和软件开发流程,并对CAN(Controller Area Network)总线在系统中的应用进行了具体分析。然后对Vxworks操作系统在ARM7(Advanced RISC Machines 7)硬件上的系统移植、驱动开发以及上层软件模块设计进行了详细解析,特别是针对系统移植,做了一些开创性的工作。论文最后对整个系统的设计进行了分析和总结,并提出了一些改进意见。
本课题的创新、独特之处在于引入了开发平台的概念,选择高性能低功耗的ARM7作为系统的硬件平台,商用Vxworks实时操作系统作为软件平台,CAN总线作为系统板间通讯的统一平台,这些平台集成于一体,提高了负荷控制终端设计的灵活性和装置的可靠性。由于模块相互独立,因此为以后的系统功能扩展和其他产品的研究开发工作奠定了平台基础。
整个终端系统具有稳定性好、实用性强、功能强大等特点,可广泛用于电力需求侧管理与服务领域,实现用户电能的监测,控制和管理,具有很大的市场应用前景。
As a part of the Automatization of Power Distribution, Electric Load Control is also a technique of Electric Load Management. The aim is to involve mostly users in electric power system peak-load by adopting rational electrovalent difference between peak and valley. It uses auto-control technology to promote load ratio, and improve device usage ratio during power generation, supply and user. It is enable to make power network run more economically and safely. And it also provides with great advantages for the whole society.
By utilizing the micro-electronics technology、computer technology and control technology, the new-type Electric Load Control System solves the problem that how to measure electric energy accurately and utilize electric energy rationally.
Firstly, the paper puts forward the design scheme based on the analysis of market demands and gives an argumentation on feasibility of this scheme. Then it expatiates the circuit design principle of the AC sample system、ARM7 master system and IO interface system, especially explain the application of CAN Bus on the system in detail. Afterwards, the BSP and Driver development of Vxworks Real-Time OS is analyzed. Lastly, it gives a summarization on this system, and brings forward some suggestions.
The new-type Electric Load Control System introduced in this paper succeeds in introducing the conception of research and develop environment that is convenient to expand the functions of this system. The system is based on the Advanced RISC Machines CPU and Vxworks Real-Time Operation System. Besides these, the communication part of system adopts the Controller Area Network Bus Technology.
The design of this new-type Electric Load Control System has the characteristic of high-stability and multi-function. Therefore, it is extensively applied in the area of Power market and Demand-Side Management.
引文
[1] 王月志,赵跃,潘娟.电力负荷控制技术.东北电力技术,2003,(03):49～50
[2] 王建国.无线电力负荷控制系统的原理与应用.电子工程师,2001,(10): 25～26
[3] 刘玉璋.无线化智能抄表新趋势.建设科技,2006,(03):18～19
[4] 张昊,吴捷,郁滨.电力负荷的模糊预测方法.电力系统自动化,1997,(12): 26～27
[5] E.D.Farmer,B.J.Cory,B.L.P.P.Perera.Optimal Pricing of Transmission and Distribution Services in Electricity Supply, IEE Proc,-Gener. Transm. Distrib,1995, 142(l): 1～8
[6] Clark W Gellings.Effective Power Marketing.Pem Well Publishing Company, 1997. 36-45
[7] M C Caramanis,N BOUKOS,F C Schweppe.WRATES:A Tool for Evaluating the Marginal Cost Wheeling.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1989,4(2):594-605
[8] L. YOULLY, B. ZAVIDOVIQUE. Towards Symbolic process Control. Automatization. 1994, 30(3): 20～26
[9] Gonzalez,A.J.,Morris,R.A.,McKenzie,F.D .Model-based,Real-time Control of Electrical Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on System,Man and Cybernetics. 1996,26(4):470～483
[10] 黄飞,林功平.SDC97电力负荷管理系统在南通的应用.电力系统自化, 2000, (13):66～67
[11] 国家电网公司文件.电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件.2004:5～25
[12] 杨琨.无线电力负荷控制和管理系统的发展方向.四川电力技术,2001, (04):25～27
[13] 徐明荣,刘连光,张建华等.基于负荷控制的供电运营管理系统的总体设计. 现代电力,2001,(02):13～14
[14] H.A.Thompson,H.Benitez-Perez,D .Lee et al .A CANbus-based safety-critical distributed acroengine control systems zrchitecture demonstrator.Microprocessors and Microsystems, 1999,23:345～355
[15] 邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003.296～300
[16] Jens Eltze.Double-CAN Controller as Bridge for Different CAN Networks.In Proc.of the 4rd In ternational CAN-Conference,Berlin,Germany.1997.
[17] G.Boutdon,P.Ruaux,S Delaplace. CAN for Autonomous Mobile Robot.In Proc.of the 3rd International CAN-Conference,Paris,France.1996.
[18] 周立功.ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学社.2005. 132～140
[19] 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers LPC2290 DataSheeet. Philips Semiconductors Corporation.2004,(01):1～41
[20] VxWorks 5.4 Reference Manual. WindRiver Corporation.U.S.A.1999:102～150
[21] 孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式时时操作系统 Vworks 及其开发环境.北京:中国电力出版社, 2001.205～234
[22] 吴薛红,赵彩虹.基于 GSM 无线通讯的配电网负荷管理统.2005,05(4): 11～13
[23] 胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例祥解-基于 ARM 的应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2005.275～286
[24] G.Cena,A.Valenzano.An mproved CAN Fidldbus for Industrial Applications.IEEE Trans. Ind.Eleectron,1997,44(4):553～564
[25] 邬宽明 .CAN 总线原理与应用系统设计 . 北京 : 北京航空航天大学出版社.2002.132～157
[26] ATT7022 用户手册. 珠海矩力集成电路设计有限公司,2004.1～32
[27] 韦文祥,朱志杰.基于 SPI 总线的电能计量芯片 ATT7022 及其在配电监测终端的应用. 国外电子元器件,2005,(07):22～24
[28] 罗雪梅.基于 SJA1000 的 CAN 总线接口电路的设计与实现.贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,(04):18～19
[29] 何立民.单片机应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999. 245～260
[30] 何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1990.105～120.
[31] 王毅峰, 李令奇.SJA1000 在数据采集与控制系统中的应用.微计算机息, 2001, (04):23～24
[32] SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller. Philips Semiconductors, 2000:1～68
[33] 刘发慧,贺贵明.基于 SJA1000 的 CAN 通信系统的设计.可编程控制器与工厂自动化, 2005, (11):24～25
[34] 朱志伟,周志光,鲍祖尚.RS-485 总线通信系统的可靠性措施.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(03):24～26
[35] 王广雄.自动控制系统设计.北京:宇航出版社,1986.92-95.
[36] 张 林 , 王 芙 蓉 .VxWorks 嵌入式实时系统任务机制的研究 . 微 型机 与应用,2005,(03):14～15
[37] 李慧,李涛,杨占华等.VxWorks 下基于多任务调度的分析和研究.微机发展,2005,(06):21～23
[38] Oleynik.G.,Appleton.L,Mackinnon.B. et al. Murmur-a message generator and reporter for Unix,VMS,and VxWorks.IEEE Tansactions On Nuclear Science. 1994, 41(1): 157～160
[39] Streets.J,Meadows.J,Moore.C. Access to CAMAC from VxWorks and UNIX in DART. IEEE Tansactions On Nuclear Science.1996,43(1):52～55
[40] VxWorks : Guide to Writing and Porting Device Drivers.Digital Equipment Corporation .1998:12～26
[41] 乔从连.VxWorks 系统的 BSP 概念及启动过程.舰船电子抗,2005,(01): 18～19
[42] VxWorks 5.4 Programmer's Guide (Edition 1). WindRiver Corporation. U.S.A. 1999:54～650
[43] 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.262～265
[44] 李玉深,周祖洋,万杨.实时操作系统 Vxworks 下的异常处理.应用科技, 2005, (05): 16～17
[45] 汤小明,李引娟.VxWorks 环境下串口驱动程序设计.工业控制计算机. 2002, (10): 8～10
[46] Wind River Systems,Inc. Tornado User' s Guide,2.0(WindowsVersion). WindRiver Corporation.Edition 1, U.S.A. 1999:18～115
[47] D.M.Auslander,J.R.Ridegely.J.D.Ringgenberg.Design and Implementation of RealTime Software for Control of Mechanical System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Eleectron.2002,42(3):345～348
[48] 刘正林.面向对象程序设计.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.120～185
[49] 蒋晓阳,司江英.VxWorks 应用技巧两例.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005, (06):14～15
[2] 王建国.无线电力负荷控制系统的原理与应用.电子工程师,2001,(10): 25～26
[3] 刘玉璋.无线化智能抄表新趋势.建设科技,2006,(03):18～19
[4] 张昊,吴捷,郁滨.电力负荷的模糊预测方法.电力系统自动化,1997,(12): 26～27
[5] E.D.Farmer,B.J.Cory,B.L.P.P.Perera.Optimal Pricing of Transmission and Distribution Services in Electricity Supply, IEE Proc,-Gener. Transm. Distrib,1995, 142(l): 1～8
[6] Clark W Gellings.Effective Power Marketing.Pem Well Publishing Company, 1997. 36-45
[7] M C Caramanis,N BOUKOS,F C Schweppe.WRATES:A Tool for Evaluating the Marginal Cost Wheeling.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1989,4(2):594-605
[8] L. YOULLY, B. ZAVIDOVIQUE. Towards Symbolic process Control. Automatization. 1994, 30(3): 20～26
[9] Gonzalez,A.J.,Morris,R.A.,McKenzie,F.D .Model-based,Real-time Control of Electrical Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on System,Man and Cybernetics. 1996,26(4):470～483
[10] 黄飞,林功平.SDC97电力负荷管理系统在南通的应用.电力系统自化, 2000, (13):66～67
[11] 国家电网公司文件.电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件.2004:5～25
[12] 杨琨.无线电力负荷控制和管理系统的发展方向.四川电力技术,2001, (04):25～27
[13] 徐明荣,刘连光,张建华等.基于负荷控制的供电运营管理系统的总体设计. 现代电力,2001,(02):13～14
[14] H.A.Thompson,H.Benitez-Perez,D .Lee et al .A CANbus-based safety-critical distributed acroengine control systems zrchitecture demonstrator.Microprocessors and Microsystems, 1999,23:345～355
[15] 邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003.296～300
[16] Jens Eltze.Double-CAN Controller as Bridge for Different CAN Networks.In Proc.of the 4rd In ternational CAN-Conference,Berlin,Germany.1997.
[17] G.Boutdon,P.Ruaux,S Delaplace. CAN for Autonomous Mobile Robot.In Proc.of the 3rd International CAN-Conference,Paris,France.1996.
[18] 周立功.ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学社.2005. 132～140
[19] 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers LPC2290 DataSheeet. Philips Semiconductors Corporation.2004,(01):1～41
[20] VxWorks 5.4 Reference Manual. WindRiver Corporation.U.S.A.1999:102～150
[21] 孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式时时操作系统 Vworks 及其开发环境.北京:中国电力出版社, 2001.205～234
[22] 吴薛红,赵彩虹.基于 GSM 无线通讯的配电网负荷管理统.2005,05(4): 11～13
[23] 胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例祥解-基于 ARM 的应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2005.275～286
[24] G.Cena,A.Valenzano.An mproved CAN Fidldbus for Industrial Applications.IEEE Trans. Ind.Eleectron,1997,44(4):553～564
[25] 邬宽明 .CAN 总线原理与应用系统设计 . 北京 : 北京航空航天大学出版社.2002.132～157
[26] ATT7022 用户手册. 珠海矩力集成电路设计有限公司,2004.1～32
[27] 韦文祥,朱志杰.基于 SPI 总线的电能计量芯片 ATT7022 及其在配电监测终端的应用. 国外电子元器件,2005,(07):22～24
[28] 罗雪梅.基于 SJA1000 的 CAN 总线接口电路的设计与实现.贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,(04):18～19
[29] 何立民.单片机应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999. 245～260
[30] 何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1990.105～120.
[31] 王毅峰, 李令奇.SJA1000 在数据采集与控制系统中的应用.微计算机息, 2001, (04):23～24
[32] SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller. Philips Semiconductors, 2000:1～68
[33] 刘发慧,贺贵明.基于 SJA1000 的 CAN 通信系统的设计.可编程控制器与工厂自动化, 2005, (11):24～25
[34] 朱志伟,周志光,鲍祖尚.RS-485 总线通信系统的可靠性措施.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(03):24～26
[35] 王广雄.自动控制系统设计.北京:宇航出版社,1986.92-95.
[36] 张 林 , 王 芙 蓉 .VxWorks 嵌入式实时系统任务机制的研究 . 微 型机 与应用,2005,(03):14～15
[37] 李慧,李涛,杨占华等.VxWorks 下基于多任务调度的分析和研究.微机发展,2005,(06):21～23
[38] Oleynik.G.,Appleton.L,Mackinnon.B. et al. Murmur-a message generator and reporter for Unix,VMS,and VxWorks.IEEE Tansactions On Nuclear Science. 1994, 41(1): 157～160
[39] Streets.J,Meadows.J,Moore.C. Access to CAMAC from VxWorks and UNIX in DART. IEEE Tansactions On Nuclear Science.1996,43(1):52～55
[40] VxWorks : Guide to Writing and Porting Device Drivers.Digital Equipment Corporation .1998:12～26
[41] 乔从连.VxWorks 系统的 BSP 概念及启动过程.舰船电子抗,2005,(01): 18～19
[42] VxWorks 5.4 Programmer's Guide (Edition 1). WindRiver Corporation. U.S.A. 1999:54～650
[43] 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.262～265
[44] 李玉深,周祖洋,万杨.实时操作系统 Vxworks 下的异常处理.应用科技, 2005, (05): 16～17
[45] 汤小明,李引娟.VxWorks 环境下串口驱动程序设计.工业控制计算机. 2002, (10): 8～10
[46] Wind River Systems,Inc. Tornado User' s Guide,2.0(WindowsVersion). WindRiver Corporation.Edition 1, U.S.A. 1999:18～115
[47] D.M.Auslander,J.R.Ridegely.J.D.Ringgenberg.Design and Implementation of RealTime Software for Control of Mechanical System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Eleectron.2002,42(3):345～348
[48] 刘正林.面向对象程序设计.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.120～185
[49] 蒋晓阳,司江英.VxWorks 应用技巧两例.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005, (06):14～15