地榆总鞣质提取、纯化及活性研究
|
摘要
地榆（Sanguisorba officinalis L.）为蔷薇科（Rosaceae）地榆属（Sanguisorba L.），多年生草本植物。我国有地榆、细叶地榆、宽蕊地榆、矮地榆、大白花地榆、疏花地榆、高山地榆等七种，主要分布于东北、西北、华北等地区。2010年版《中国药典》中规定中药地榆为蔷薇科植物地榆Sanguisorba officinalis L.或长叶地榆Sanguisorbaofficinalic L. var. longifalia(Bert.)Yu et Li的干燥根，后者习称“绵地榆”。其性微寒，味苦、酸、涩，归肝、大肠经，具有凉血止血，解毒敛疮的功效。
本文以地榆根为原料，以提取物中总鞣质含量为指标，通过单因素考察和正交实验对乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数、提取溶剂用量四因素进行研究，确定了最佳提取工艺为：15倍量的70%乙醇，超声提取3次，每次60min。并对最佳工艺进行三次实验验证，表明该工艺稳定可行。采用先用明胶沉淀法、后用乙酸乙酯萃取法对地榆总鞣质进行纯化，得到的地榆总鞣质含量大于73%。
本文对地榆总鞣质进行急性毒性试验，结果未能测出LD50。通过最大给药量的实验，表明地榆总鞣质的最大给药量为10g/kg，得知地榆总鞣质毒性小。通过测定地榆总鞣质对小鼠的出血时间和凝血时间的变化，建立胃溃疡动物模型，数据经统计学分析，结果表明地榆总鞣质有很好的止血作用和抗溃疡作用。
本文对地榆总鞣质提取和药理活性进行了系统的研究，确定了合理的提取工艺和纯化方法，为传统中药地榆的合理开发和利用提供了科学依据。
Sanguisorba officinalis L. is the perennial herb for the Sanguisorba L. of Rosaceae.In the northeast of China, Sanguisorba L. mainly includes S. officinalis L., S. officinalic Lvar longifalia (Bert) Yu et Li, S.grandifolia（Maxim）Makino, S. sitchensis C.A.Mey, S.tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link, S. parriflora (Maxim.) Takeda and S. officinalis L. var. carnea(Fisch.) Regel ex Maxim. Sanguisorba Radix is the dried roots of Sanguisorba officinalisL., and first recorded in“Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic” as one of the well-known Chinesetraditional medicines. Sanguisorba Radix is widely used for the treatment of the bleeding,the fire burns, typhoid fever, etc.
At present, the studies of tannins have become a most active field in the naturalpharmaceutical chemistry. In order to develop and make use of this Chinese traditionalmedicine better and provide scientific data for the traditional Chinese medicinemodernization, we have studied the tannins and pharmacological activities of the roots ofSanguisorba officinalis L. in this paper.
1. Referring to the related literatures, we reviewed the latest research progress ofSanguisorba officinalis L. in several aspects such as plant morphology, chemicalconstituents, pharmacological activity of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and tannins.
2. In this paper, we select the UV spectrophotometric method that determined thecontent of total tannin of Sanguisorba Radix. The method is using gallic acid as referenceto measure absorbance and draw standard curve and using phosphomolybdic tungstic acid–casein to calculate the content of tannin. We chose several factors that may influenceresults of extraction, including concentration of ethanol, volume, time and times ofextraction. First, we did single factor experiments to determinate the extent of these factors,and then orthogonal test showed that the best technology is reflux extraction with70%ehanol (15folds) for3times, an hour once. Validation experiments were also done to makesure the technology stable applicable.
We purifica the tannins of Sanguisorba Radix by adopting method of gelatinprecipitation and being extracted with ethyl acetate. The results show that content oftannins of Sanguisorba Radix is greater than73%.
3. According to acute toxicity testing of total tannins of Sanguisorba Radix, themaximum administered dose is10g/kg in mice and we can not test the value of LD50.According to acute gastric ulcer in mice and observe the ulcer stuation of gastric gland, themedium and high dose group of total tannins of Sanguisorba Radix can inhibit gastric ulcerof the mice with the method of group T test. By researching, the total tannins ofSanguisorba Radix also can effectively reduce bleeding and clotting time. It’s showing thattotal tannins of Sanguisorba Radix have a better hemostasis.
本文以地榆根为原料，以提取物中总鞣质含量为指标，通过单因素考察和正交实验对乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数、提取溶剂用量四因素进行研究，确定了最佳提取工艺为：15倍量的70%乙醇，超声提取3次，每次60min。并对最佳工艺进行三次实验验证，表明该工艺稳定可行。采用先用明胶沉淀法、后用乙酸乙酯萃取法对地榆总鞣质进行纯化，得到的地榆总鞣质含量大于73%。
本文对地榆总鞣质进行急性毒性试验，结果未能测出LD50。通过最大给药量的实验，表明地榆总鞣质的最大给药量为10g/kg，得知地榆总鞣质毒性小。通过测定地榆总鞣质对小鼠的出血时间和凝血时间的变化，建立胃溃疡动物模型，数据经统计学分析，结果表明地榆总鞣质有很好的止血作用和抗溃疡作用。
本文对地榆总鞣质提取和药理活性进行了系统的研究，确定了合理的提取工艺和纯化方法，为传统中药地榆的合理开发和利用提供了科学依据。
Sanguisorba officinalis L. is the perennial herb for the Sanguisorba L. of Rosaceae.In the northeast of China, Sanguisorba L. mainly includes S. officinalis L., S. officinalic Lvar longifalia (Bert) Yu et Li, S.grandifolia（Maxim）Makino, S. sitchensis C.A.Mey, S.tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link, S. parriflora (Maxim.) Takeda and S. officinalis L. var. carnea(Fisch.) Regel ex Maxim. Sanguisorba Radix is the dried roots of Sanguisorba officinalisL., and first recorded in“Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic” as one of the well-known Chinesetraditional medicines. Sanguisorba Radix is widely used for the treatment of the bleeding,the fire burns, typhoid fever, etc.
At present, the studies of tannins have become a most active field in the naturalpharmaceutical chemistry. In order to develop and make use of this Chinese traditionalmedicine better and provide scientific data for the traditional Chinese medicinemodernization, we have studied the tannins and pharmacological activities of the roots ofSanguisorba officinalis L. in this paper.
1. Referring to the related literatures, we reviewed the latest research progress ofSanguisorba officinalis L. in several aspects such as plant morphology, chemicalconstituents, pharmacological activity of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and tannins.
2. In this paper, we select the UV spectrophotometric method that determined thecontent of total tannin of Sanguisorba Radix. The method is using gallic acid as referenceto measure absorbance and draw standard curve and using phosphomolybdic tungstic acid–casein to calculate the content of tannin. We chose several factors that may influenceresults of extraction, including concentration of ethanol, volume, time and times ofextraction. First, we did single factor experiments to determinate the extent of these factors,and then orthogonal test showed that the best technology is reflux extraction with70%ehanol (15folds) for3times, an hour once. Validation experiments were also done to makesure the technology stable applicable.
We purifica the tannins of Sanguisorba Radix by adopting method of gelatinprecipitation and being extracted with ethyl acetate. The results show that content oftannins of Sanguisorba Radix is greater than73%.
3. According to acute toxicity testing of total tannins of Sanguisorba Radix, themaximum administered dose is10g/kg in mice and we can not test the value of LD50.According to acute gastric ulcer in mice and observe the ulcer stuation of gastric gland, themedium and high dose group of total tannins of Sanguisorba Radix can inhibit gastric ulcerof the mice with the method of group T test. By researching, the total tannins ofSanguisorba Radix also can effectively reduce bleeding and clotting time. It’s showing thattotal tannins of Sanguisorba Radix have a better hemostasis.
引文
[1]路洪顺.地榆及其开发利用[J].中国林副特产,2000,2:50-52.
[2]吴征锰主编.新华本草纲要(第三册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:130-131.
[3]中药大辞海编写组编.中药大辞海(第一卷)[M],北京:中国医药科学出版社,1993,12:1962-1963.
[4]沈保安.中国常用中草药[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005.
[5]清孙星衍,孙星翼辑.神农本草经[M].北京:商务印书馆,1955:94.
[6]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M]．北京：科学出版社,1997：463.
[7]任晓伟,周炎勋,郭雅梅.蒙药地榆中微量元素的含量分析[J].中国民族医药杂志,2000,6(S1):73.
[8]程东亮,曹小平,邹佩秀.中药地榆黄酮等成分的分离及鉴定[J].中草药,1995,26(11)：570-571.
[9]夏红昱,孙立立,孙敬勇,等.地榆化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].食品与药品,2009,11(7):67-69.
[10]曹爱民,张东方,沙明,等.地榆中皂苷类化合物分离、鉴定及其含量测定[J].中草药,2003,34(5):397-399.
[11]Hai-Xue Kuang, Hong-Wei Li, Qiu-Hong Wang, et al. Triterpenoids from the Roots ofSanguisorba tenuifolia var. Alba[J]. Molecules,2011,16:4642-4651.
[12]Fan ZHANG, Tie-Jun FU, Shu-Lin PENG. Two New Triterpenoids from the Roots ofSanguisorba officinalis L[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2005,47(2):251-256.
[13]Liu X, Cui Y, Yu Q, et al. Triterpenoids from Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. phytochemistry,2005,66(14):1671-1679.
[14]Yoshihiro Mimaki, Masato Fukushima, Akihito Yokosuka,et al. Triterpene glycosidesfrom the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,57(2001):773-779.
[15]王寒,原忠.地榆中三萜成分的研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2009,19(1):52-54.
[16]罗艳,王寒,原忠.地榆中三萜皂苷类成分及其抗炎活性研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2008,18(2):138-141.
[17]夏红昱,仲英,孙敬勇,等.地榆炭化学成分研究(Ⅱ)[J].中草药,2010,41(7):1048-1052.
[18]姜云梅,杨五嬉,吴立军,等.中药地榆化学成分的研究[J].西北药学杂志,1993,8(1):17-19.
[19]Dong-Liang Cheng, Xiao-Ping Cao. Pomolic acid derivatives from the root ofSanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31(4):1317-1320.
[20]刘向前,贾忠建,刘自民.地榆化学成分研究[J].高等学校化学学报,1992,63(6):767-769.
[21]张帆,彭树林,白冰如,等.地榆总提取物的串联质谱分析[J].分析测试学报,2005,24(5):76-77.
[22]Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I.7-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin and3-O-galloylprocyanidinB-3from Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,1983,22:2575.
[23]T.Tanaka,G.Nonaka,Tannins and related compounds.XVI substances in herbs classifiedas hemostatics in Chinese medicine.III.On the antihemorrhagic principle in Sanguisorbaofficinalis L[J].Chem.Pharm Bull.1984,32(11):447-448.
[24]G.I.Nonaka,K.Ishimaru,I.N.Tanaka,Tannins and compounds,XVII.Galloyhamamelosesfrom Catanea crenata L and Sanguisorba officinalisL[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1984,32(2):483-489.
[25]Nonaka G, Tanaka T, Nishioka I. Tannins and related compounds. Part3. A newphenolic acid, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, and three new ellagitannins, sanguiinsH-1, H-2, and H-3, from Sanguisorba officinalis L[J]. J Chem Soc Pekin Trans1,1982,4:1067-1073.
[26]Nonaka G, Tanaka T, Nita M, et al. A dimeric hydrolyzable tannin, sanguiin H-6fromSanguisorba officinalis L[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1982,30(6):2255-2257.
[27]Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I. Tannins and related compounds. XXVIII：Revision ofthe structures of sanguiins H-6, H-2,and H-3, and isolation and characterization ofsanguiin H-11, a novel tetrameric hydrolysable tannin, and seven related tannins, fromSanguisorba officinalis[J]. J Chem Res,1985,6:176-177.
[28]孙文基,绳金房.天然活性成分简明手册[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1998:580.
[29]徐耀,郁建平.长叶地榆多糖提取工艺的研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(3):181-183.
[30]任晓伟,周炎勋,郭雅梅.蒙药地榆中微量元素的含量分析[J].中国民族医药杂志,2000,6(S1):73.
[31]杨林,周本宏.石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物抑菌作用的实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(10):2335-2336.
[32]金哲雄,齐典.刺玫果鞣质预防肿瘤作用研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2007,25(4):647-648.
[33]曾伟成,蔡钦榕,杨辉,等.虎杖鞣质抗脂质过氧化作用研究[J].中药药理与临床,2002,18(6):18-19.
[34]孔琪,李葵,吴春,等.鞣质对动植物油脂的抗氧化活性研究[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报（自然科学版）,2004,20(1):98-100.
[35]沈忠明,殷建伟,袁海波.虎杖鞣质的虎杖鞣质的降血糖作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(3):220-221.
[36]姚思宇,赵鹏,刘荣珍,等.鞣质降血脂作用的动物实验研究[J].中国热带医学,2004,4(6):45–946.
[37]阎巧娟,韩鲁佳,江正强,等.老鹳草鞣质的提取工艺及其免疫作用的试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(6):16-19.
[38]吕晓东,杨胜,齐春会,等.山茱萸鞣质活性部位对佐剂性关节炎大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,35(69):1023-1026.
[39]王丽敏,卢春凤,路雅真,等.老鹳草鞣质类化合物的抗腹泻作用研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2003,26（5）：28-29.
[40]张军峰,谭健,蒲蔷,等.青蒿鞣质抗病毒活性研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(4):307-310.
[41]张军峰,郑鸿燕,谭健,等.青蒿鞣质抗单纯疱疹病毒机理初探[J].江苏药学与临床研究,2005,13(1):11-14.
[42]杨林,周本宏,冯琪,等.石榴皮鞣质降低尿毒素作用的研究[J].中国药房,2007,18(30)：2345-2347.
[43]吴开云,黄雪芳,彭宣宪.虎杖、地榆抑菌作用的实验研究[J].江西医学院学报,1996,36(2):53-55.
[44]叶聚荣,林大杰,张丽华.地榆抗炎作用的药理研究[J].福建医疗杂志,1985,6:34-35.
[45]耿海英,陈福星,刘荣欣,等.地榆提取物对奶牛乳房炎治疗效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2008,7:89-90.
[46]Shin, Tae-Yong. Anti-Allergic Effects of Sanguisorba Officinalis on Animal Models ofAllergic Reactions[J]. Immunopharmacology&Im-munotoxicology,2002,24(3),455.
[47]魏智芸,滕建文,黄丽等.地榆提取物抗氧化与抗过敏作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(8):1958-1960.
[48]黄丽,冯智臣,韦保耀.地榆与桂枝抗过敏作用的研究[J].食品科技,2007:6135-137.
[49]梁丽丽,曹光辉,曾兰兰,等．中药地榆提取物对自由基清除作用[J].天然产物研究与开发,2008,20:511-513．
[50]程郁昕,刘芳芳,吕锦芳,等.地榆对小鼠凝血作用影响的实验研究[J].中国中医药科技,2006,9(13):337-338.
[51]郑子春,沈洪,朱萱萱,等.黄柏、地榆、白及对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠组织中NF-κB和细胞因子表达的影响[J].中国中医急症,2010,19(3):469-472.
[52]商月娥,冯中闲,王建一.地榆汤保留灌肠治疗非特异性溃疡性结肠炎60例疗效分析[J].河北北方学院学报,2009,26(6):56-57.
[53]曾万玲,宋志杰,岑燕飞,等.地榆水煎液抗实验性腹泻及其他药理作用研究[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1992,14(4):55-57.
[54]秦三海,李坤,周玲,等.地榆总皂苷抗肿瘤作用的实验研究[J].山东医药,2010,50(15):24-26.
[55]Jae Youl Cho, Euo Sook Yoo, Bae cheon Cha, et al. The Inhibitory Effect ofTriterpenoid Glycosides Originating from Sanguisorba officinalis on Tissue FactorActivity and the Production of TNF-α. Planta med,2006,72(14):1279-1284.
[56]Alena Svobodová, Jitka Psotová, Daniela Walterová. Natural Phenolics in theprevention of UV-induced skin damage a review[J]. Biomed. Papers,2003,147(2):137-145.
[57]李仪奎,中药药理实验方法学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1994:451-457.
[2]吴征锰主编.新华本草纲要(第三册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:130-131.
[3]中药大辞海编写组编.中药大辞海(第一卷)[M],北京:中国医药科学出版社,1993,12:1962-1963.
[4]沈保安.中国常用中草药[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005.
[5]清孙星衍,孙星翼辑.神农本草经[M].北京:商务印书馆,1955:94.
[6]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M]．北京：科学出版社,1997：463.
[7]任晓伟,周炎勋,郭雅梅.蒙药地榆中微量元素的含量分析[J].中国民族医药杂志,2000,6(S1):73.
[8]程东亮,曹小平,邹佩秀.中药地榆黄酮等成分的分离及鉴定[J].中草药,1995,26(11)：570-571.
[9]夏红昱,孙立立,孙敬勇,等.地榆化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].食品与药品,2009,11(7):67-69.
[10]曹爱民,张东方,沙明,等.地榆中皂苷类化合物分离、鉴定及其含量测定[J].中草药,2003,34(5):397-399.
[11]Hai-Xue Kuang, Hong-Wei Li, Qiu-Hong Wang, et al. Triterpenoids from the Roots ofSanguisorba tenuifolia var. Alba[J]. Molecules,2011,16:4642-4651.
[12]Fan ZHANG, Tie-Jun FU, Shu-Lin PENG. Two New Triterpenoids from the Roots ofSanguisorba officinalis L[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2005,47(2):251-256.
[13]Liu X, Cui Y, Yu Q, et al. Triterpenoids from Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. phytochemistry,2005,66(14):1671-1679.
[14]Yoshihiro Mimaki, Masato Fukushima, Akihito Yokosuka,et al. Triterpene glycosidesfrom the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,57(2001):773-779.
[15]王寒,原忠.地榆中三萜成分的研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2009,19(1):52-54.
[16]罗艳,王寒,原忠.地榆中三萜皂苷类成分及其抗炎活性研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2008,18(2):138-141.
[17]夏红昱,仲英,孙敬勇,等.地榆炭化学成分研究(Ⅱ)[J].中草药,2010,41(7):1048-1052.
[18]姜云梅,杨五嬉,吴立军,等.中药地榆化学成分的研究[J].西北药学杂志,1993,8(1):17-19.
[19]Dong-Liang Cheng, Xiao-Ping Cao. Pomolic acid derivatives from the root ofSanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31(4):1317-1320.
[20]刘向前,贾忠建,刘自民.地榆化学成分研究[J].高等学校化学学报,1992,63(6):767-769.
[21]张帆,彭树林,白冰如,等.地榆总提取物的串联质谱分析[J].分析测试学报,2005,24(5):76-77.
[22]Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I.7-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin and3-O-galloylprocyanidinB-3from Sanguisorba officinalis[J]. Phytochemistry,1983,22:2575.
[23]T.Tanaka,G.Nonaka,Tannins and related compounds.XVI substances in herbs classifiedas hemostatics in Chinese medicine.III.On the antihemorrhagic principle in Sanguisorbaofficinalis L[J].Chem.Pharm Bull.1984,32(11):447-448.
[24]G.I.Nonaka,K.Ishimaru,I.N.Tanaka,Tannins and compounds,XVII.Galloyhamamelosesfrom Catanea crenata L and Sanguisorba officinalisL[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1984,32(2):483-489.
[25]Nonaka G, Tanaka T, Nishioka I. Tannins and related compounds. Part3. A newphenolic acid, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, and three new ellagitannins, sanguiinsH-1, H-2, and H-3, from Sanguisorba officinalis L[J]. J Chem Soc Pekin Trans1,1982,4:1067-1073.
[26]Nonaka G, Tanaka T, Nita M, et al. A dimeric hydrolyzable tannin, sanguiin H-6fromSanguisorba officinalis L[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1982,30(6):2255-2257.
[27]Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I. Tannins and related compounds. XXVIII：Revision ofthe structures of sanguiins H-6, H-2,and H-3, and isolation and characterization ofsanguiin H-11, a novel tetrameric hydrolysable tannin, and seven related tannins, fromSanguisorba officinalis[J]. J Chem Res,1985,6:176-177.
[28]孙文基,绳金房.天然活性成分简明手册[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1998:580.
[29]徐耀,郁建平.长叶地榆多糖提取工艺的研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(3):181-183.
[30]任晓伟,周炎勋,郭雅梅.蒙药地榆中微量元素的含量分析[J].中国民族医药杂志,2000,6(S1):73.
[31]杨林,周本宏.石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物抑菌作用的实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(10):2335-2336.
[32]金哲雄,齐典.刺玫果鞣质预防肿瘤作用研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2007,25(4):647-648.
[33]曾伟成,蔡钦榕,杨辉,等.虎杖鞣质抗脂质过氧化作用研究[J].中药药理与临床,2002,18(6):18-19.
[34]孔琪,李葵,吴春,等.鞣质对动植物油脂的抗氧化活性研究[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报（自然科学版）,2004,20(1):98-100.
[35]沈忠明,殷建伟,袁海波.虎杖鞣质的虎杖鞣质的降血糖作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(3):220-221.
[36]姚思宇,赵鹏,刘荣珍,等.鞣质降血脂作用的动物实验研究[J].中国热带医学,2004,4(6):45–946.
[37]阎巧娟,韩鲁佳,江正强,等.老鹳草鞣质的提取工艺及其免疫作用的试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(6):16-19.
[38]吕晓东,杨胜,齐春会,等.山茱萸鞣质活性部位对佐剂性关节炎大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,35(69):1023-1026.
[39]王丽敏,卢春凤,路雅真,等.老鹳草鞣质类化合物的抗腹泻作用研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2003,26（5）：28-29.
[40]张军峰,谭健,蒲蔷,等.青蒿鞣质抗病毒活性研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2004,16(4):307-310.
[41]张军峰,郑鸿燕,谭健,等.青蒿鞣质抗单纯疱疹病毒机理初探[J].江苏药学与临床研究,2005,13(1):11-14.
[42]杨林,周本宏,冯琪,等.石榴皮鞣质降低尿毒素作用的研究[J].中国药房,2007,18(30)：2345-2347.
[43]吴开云,黄雪芳,彭宣宪.虎杖、地榆抑菌作用的实验研究[J].江西医学院学报,1996,36(2):53-55.
[44]叶聚荣,林大杰,张丽华.地榆抗炎作用的药理研究[J].福建医疗杂志,1985,6:34-35.
[45]耿海英,陈福星,刘荣欣,等.地榆提取物对奶牛乳房炎治疗效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2008,7:89-90.
[46]Shin, Tae-Yong. Anti-Allergic Effects of Sanguisorba Officinalis on Animal Models ofAllergic Reactions[J]. Immunopharmacology&Im-munotoxicology,2002,24(3),455.
[47]魏智芸,滕建文,黄丽等.地榆提取物抗氧化与抗过敏作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(8):1958-1960.
[48]黄丽,冯智臣,韦保耀.地榆与桂枝抗过敏作用的研究[J].食品科技,2007:6135-137.
[49]梁丽丽,曹光辉,曾兰兰,等．中药地榆提取物对自由基清除作用[J].天然产物研究与开发,2008,20:511-513．
[50]程郁昕,刘芳芳,吕锦芳,等.地榆对小鼠凝血作用影响的实验研究[J].中国中医药科技,2006,9(13):337-338.
[51]郑子春,沈洪,朱萱萱,等.黄柏、地榆、白及对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠组织中NF-κB和细胞因子表达的影响[J].中国中医急症,2010,19(3):469-472.
[52]商月娥,冯中闲,王建一.地榆汤保留灌肠治疗非特异性溃疡性结肠炎60例疗效分析[J].河北北方学院学报,2009,26(6):56-57.
[53]曾万玲,宋志杰,岑燕飞,等.地榆水煎液抗实验性腹泻及其他药理作用研究[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1992,14(4):55-57.
[54]秦三海,李坤,周玲,等.地榆总皂苷抗肿瘤作用的实验研究[J].山东医药,2010,50(15):24-26.
[55]Jae Youl Cho, Euo Sook Yoo, Bae cheon Cha, et al. The Inhibitory Effect ofTriterpenoid Glycosides Originating from Sanguisorba officinalis on Tissue FactorActivity and the Production of TNF-α. Planta med,2006,72(14):1279-1284.
[56]Alena Svobodová, Jitka Psotová, Daniela Walterová. Natural Phenolics in theprevention of UV-induced skin damage a review[J]. Biomed. Papers,2003,147(2):137-145.
[57]李仪奎,中药药理实验方法学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1994:451-457.