孤岛油田防砂工艺技术研究与应用
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摘要
本文针对孤岛油田开发过程中油井出砂和防砂存在的问题，通过室内试验，对不同类型油井的出砂机理进行了研究，对防砂方法和相应的配套工艺技术进行了筛选和改进。
粉细砂岩油井由于埋藏浅、地层压实程度低、胶结疏松，在较大生产压差下容易出砂。研究表明，采用油井分级砾石充填防砂方法，并辅以物理解堵王艺和粘土防膨工艺，能明显增加油井产量、延长防砂有效期。
稠油热采井由于地层疏松以及高温高压蒸汽的注入和高强度的采液，对油层产生了极大的冲击和破坏，这是造成稠油热采井出砂的原因。通过室内试验和研究，确定了采用注汽前化学—机械复合防砂一次性工艺以及高孔密射孔和地层深部处理配套技术，达到了提高稠油热采吞吐效果和防砂的目的。
套损井的防砂主要针对套管外地层亏空、坍塌、套管内通径变化的问题，遵循管外地层处理、管内机械防砂的原则，进行了塑性滤砂管和QJFS复合防砂管的研究和扶正器配套改进研究。应用情况表明，采用该种防砂方法可以改善套损井的生产情况、延长油井的有效生产期。
According to the problems of sand production and sand control in the Gudao oil field, the mechanisms of sand production in various wells were analyzed, and the sand control methods and matching technology were studied in this thesis.The fine siltstone reservoir is likely to produce sand under larger pressure drops because of its shallow depth, worse compaction and unconsolidated. To process such wells, graduated gravel packing combined with the physical unplugging technology and the clay expanding protection technology was used. During the thermal recovery of heavy-oil, the injection of steam under high pressure and high temperature and the production with high rate, the chemical-mechanical sanding control method before the injection of steam and matching technology were selected. Using such methods can greatly improve the effect of steam soak during the heavy oil recovery.Due to the formation shortfall, collapse outside the casing and the change of the diameter, the sand control in damaged casing wells was discussed in this paper too. Following the principles of the formation treatment outside the casing and the mechanical sand control within the casing, the plastic sand screen, QJFS compound sand control screen and centralizer were studied. The applications showed that such sand control method can improve the production of damaged casing wells and prolong the life of the wells.
粉细砂岩油井由于埋藏浅、地层压实程度低、胶结疏松，在较大生产压差下容易出砂。研究表明，采用油井分级砾石充填防砂方法，并辅以物理解堵王艺和粘土防膨工艺，能明显增加油井产量、延长防砂有效期。
稠油热采井由于地层疏松以及高温高压蒸汽的注入和高强度的采液，对油层产生了极大的冲击和破坏，这是造成稠油热采井出砂的原因。通过室内试验和研究，确定了采用注汽前化学—机械复合防砂一次性工艺以及高孔密射孔和地层深部处理配套技术，达到了提高稠油热采吞吐效果和防砂的目的。
套损井的防砂主要针对套管外地层亏空、坍塌、套管内通径变化的问题，遵循管外地层处理、管内机械防砂的原则，进行了塑性滤砂管和QJFS复合防砂管的研究和扶正器配套改进研究。应用情况表明，采用该种防砂方法可以改善套损井的生产情况、延长油井的有效生产期。
According to the problems of sand production and sand control in the Gudao oil field, the mechanisms of sand production in various wells were analyzed, and the sand control methods and matching technology were studied in this thesis.The fine siltstone reservoir is likely to produce sand under larger pressure drops because of its shallow depth, worse compaction and unconsolidated. To process such wells, graduated gravel packing combined with the physical unplugging technology and the clay expanding protection technology was used. During the thermal recovery of heavy-oil, the injection of steam under high pressure and high temperature and the production with high rate, the chemical-mechanical sanding control method before the injection of steam and matching technology were selected. Using such methods can greatly improve the effect of steam soak during the heavy oil recovery.Due to the formation shortfall, collapse outside the casing and the change of the diameter, the sand control in damaged casing wells was discussed in this paper too. Following the principles of the formation treatment outside the casing and the mechanical sand control within the casing, the plastic sand screen, QJFS compound sand control screen and centralizer were studied. The applications showed that such sand control method can improve the production of damaged casing wells and prolong the life of the wells.
引文
[1] 万仁溥，罗英俊，《采油技术手册．修订版》(第七分册 防砂技术)，石油工业出版社，1991
[2] 王鸿勋，张琪，《采油工艺原理．修订本》，石油工业出版社，1986
[3] 乔治．O．苏曼，《防砂手册》，石油工业出版社，1988．10
[4] 万仁溥，《现代完井工程》，石油工业出版社，1996．6
[5] 何百平，《油气井防砂》，石油勘探开发科学研究院，1986．10
[6] 王新德等《油层出砂预测模型研究》，石油大学学报，2000，05
[7] 王勤田等《油井出砂临界井底流压计算模型及应用》，江汉石油学院学报，2002，02
[8] 王玉纯等《油层出砂机理与防砂方法综述》，特种油气藏，1998，04
[9] B.B.Williams, L.S.Elliott, R.H.Weaver, "Productivity of Inside Casing Gravel-Pack Completions", JPT, APRIL 1972
[10] Turhan Yildiz, Julius RLanglinais, "Calculation of Pressure Losses Across Gravel Packs ", SPE17167, 1988
[11] Harry O.McLeod, "The Effect of Perforating Conditions on Well Performance", JPT, January 1983
[12] M.Karakas, S.Tariq, "Semianlytical Productivity Models for Perforated Completions", SPE 18247, 1988
[13] Turhan Yildiz, Julius P.Langlinais, "Pressure Losses Across Gravel Packs", JPSE, 6(1991) 201-211
[14] J.K.Pucknell, P.J.Clifford, "Calculation of Total Skin Factors", SPE 23100, 1991
[15] J.K.Pucknell, J.N.E.Mason, "Predicting the Pressure Drop in a Cased-Hole Gravel", SPE 24984, 1992
[16] Nobuo Morita, "Numerical Evaluation of Gravel-Pack Damage", SPE 25434, 1993
[17] F.C.Okonkwo, M.O.Onyekonwu, "New Pseudo-Skin Model for Flow Convergence to Perforation in Competent Formations ", JPSE 17 (1997) 217-228
[18] M.O.Onyekonwu, F.C.Okonkwo, "Pseudo-Skin for Gravel-Filled Perforations", JPSE 18 (1997) 233-239
[19] Harun Ates, M.G.Kelkar, "Two-Phase Pressure Drop Predictions Across Gravel Pack", SPE 37512, 1997
[20] R.C.Burton, W.M.Mackinlay, R.M.Hodge, W.R.Landrum," Evaluating Completion Damage in High-Rate, Gravel-Packed Wells", SPE Drilling&Completion, December 1998
[2] 王鸿勋，张琪，《采油工艺原理．修订本》，石油工业出版社，1986
[3] 乔治．O．苏曼，《防砂手册》，石油工业出版社，1988．10
[4] 万仁溥，《现代完井工程》，石油工业出版社，1996．6
[5] 何百平，《油气井防砂》，石油勘探开发科学研究院，1986．10
[6] 王新德等《油层出砂预测模型研究》，石油大学学报，2000，05
[7] 王勤田等《油井出砂临界井底流压计算模型及应用》，江汉石油学院学报，2002，02
[8] 王玉纯等《油层出砂机理与防砂方法综述》，特种油气藏，1998，04
[9] B.B.Williams, L.S.Elliott, R.H.Weaver, "Productivity of Inside Casing Gravel-Pack Completions", JPT, APRIL 1972
[10] Turhan Yildiz, Julius RLanglinais, "Calculation of Pressure Losses Across Gravel Packs ", SPE17167, 1988
[11] Harry O.McLeod, "The Effect of Perforating Conditions on Well Performance", JPT, January 1983
[12] M.Karakas, S.Tariq, "Semianlytical Productivity Models for Perforated Completions", SPE 18247, 1988
[13] Turhan Yildiz, Julius P.Langlinais, "Pressure Losses Across Gravel Packs", JPSE, 6(1991) 201-211
[14] J.K.Pucknell, P.J.Clifford, "Calculation of Total Skin Factors", SPE 23100, 1991
[15] J.K.Pucknell, J.N.E.Mason, "Predicting the Pressure Drop in a Cased-Hole Gravel", SPE 24984, 1992
[16] Nobuo Morita, "Numerical Evaluation of Gravel-Pack Damage", SPE 25434, 1993
[17] F.C.Okonkwo, M.O.Onyekonwu, "New Pseudo-Skin Model for Flow Convergence to Perforation in Competent Formations ", JPSE 17 (1997) 217-228
[18] M.O.Onyekonwu, F.C.Okonkwo, "Pseudo-Skin for Gravel-Filled Perforations", JPSE 18 (1997) 233-239
[19] Harun Ates, M.G.Kelkar, "Two-Phase Pressure Drop Predictions Across Gravel Pack", SPE 37512, 1997
[20] R.C.Burton, W.M.Mackinlay, R.M.Hodge, W.R.Landrum," Evaluating Completion Damage in High-Rate, Gravel-Packed Wells", SPE Drilling&Completion, December 1998