电化学脱盐处理对钢筋—砂浆体系影响的研究
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摘要
针对正在逐步推广应用的电化学脱盐技术，本课题在“九五”攻关研究成果的
基础上，运用半电池电位法、恒电流脉冲技术和交流阻抗技术等电化学方法，通过
对比试验，研究了电化学脱盐处理试件的电化学特征，结果表明电化学脱盐后钢样
电位正移，同时RC值升高，交流阻抗图谱发生变化说明钢筋-砂浆的界面区域发生
了变化。
X—射线光电子能谱技术测试结果表明电化学脱盐后已活化腐蚀的钢样恢复钝
化是可能的，再钝化膜的形成过程是一个不断完善的动态过程，且该过程与电位的
正移、RC值的提高具有一致性，从而为工程应用电化学方法判断电化学脱盐效果
提供了技术参考依据。电化学脱盐后再钝化膜的组织结构与未发生腐蚀破坏前钢样
钝化膜的组织结构相类同。
通过扫描电镜技术进一步研究，电化学脱盐处理引起钢样-砂浆的界面组成发
生了变化，使得脱盐试件钢样-砂浆界面的形貌组成特征有别于空白试件。
采用压汞法研究表明，同空白试件比较，电化学脱盐后不同取样位置的砂浆孔
结构不相同：钢样附近的孔隙率增大，远离钢样的砂浆孔隙率降低，但总体而言电
化学脱盐对砂浆孔结构具有优化作用。
Aimed at the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) technique which is
becoming widely utilized, electrochemical characteristic of samples ECE-treated was
studied on the base of ?5?research by electrochemical methods. Results show that along
with corrosion potential becoming positive, RC value of rebar in mortar ECE-treated is
also increasing. EIS researches show that the structure of rebar-mortar interface changed
after treatment.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis show that it is possible the
activated corrosion rebar will repassivate after treatment. The repassivation of the rebar is
a process of continuously consummating and agrees well with the positively change of
rebar potential and the increase of RC value. The structure and composition of the
repassivated film is the same as that of the original one.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the composition and
morphology of rebar-niortar interface. Results show the composition and morphology of
rebar-mortar interface changed after treatment. Comparison of ECE-treated and untreated
rebar-mortar interface reveals the significant difference in composition and morphology.
Mercury Porosimetry analysis for the samples ECE-treated and untreated were
performed, for the ECE-treated samples porosity near rebar increased and that far from
rebar decreased, however the porosity of samples ECE-treated was improved generally.
基础上，运用半电池电位法、恒电流脉冲技术和交流阻抗技术等电化学方法，通过
对比试验，研究了电化学脱盐处理试件的电化学特征，结果表明电化学脱盐后钢样
电位正移，同时RC值升高，交流阻抗图谱发生变化说明钢筋-砂浆的界面区域发生
了变化。
X—射线光电子能谱技术测试结果表明电化学脱盐后已活化腐蚀的钢样恢复钝
化是可能的，再钝化膜的形成过程是一个不断完善的动态过程，且该过程与电位的
正移、RC值的提高具有一致性，从而为工程应用电化学方法判断电化学脱盐效果
提供了技术参考依据。电化学脱盐后再钝化膜的组织结构与未发生腐蚀破坏前钢样
钝化膜的组织结构相类同。
通过扫描电镜技术进一步研究，电化学脱盐处理引起钢样-砂浆的界面组成发
生了变化，使得脱盐试件钢样-砂浆界面的形貌组成特征有别于空白试件。
采用压汞法研究表明，同空白试件比较，电化学脱盐后不同取样位置的砂浆孔
结构不相同：钢样附近的孔隙率增大，远离钢样的砂浆孔隙率降低，但总体而言电
化学脱盐对砂浆孔结构具有优化作用。
Aimed at the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) technique which is
becoming widely utilized, electrochemical characteristic of samples ECE-treated was
studied on the base of ?5?research by electrochemical methods. Results show that along
with corrosion potential becoming positive, RC value of rebar in mortar ECE-treated is
also increasing. EIS researches show that the structure of rebar-mortar interface changed
after treatment.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis show that it is possible the
activated corrosion rebar will repassivate after treatment. The repassivation of the rebar is
a process of continuously consummating and agrees well with the positively change of
rebar potential and the increase of RC value. The structure and composition of the
repassivated film is the same as that of the original one.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the composition and
morphology of rebar-niortar interface. Results show the composition and morphology of
rebar-mortar interface changed after treatment. Comparison of ECE-treated and untreated
rebar-mortar interface reveals the significant difference in composition and morphology.
Mercury Porosimetry analysis for the samples ECE-treated and untreated were
performed, for the ECE-treated samples porosity near rebar increased and that far from
rebar decreased, however the porosity of samples ECE-treated was improved generally.
引文
[1] 洪定海，混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与保护，中国铁道出版社，1998年，北京
[2] 挪威埃肯集团公司，在海洋与化冰盐环境中混凝土构筑物的钢筋防锈技术对策——高耐久/高性能混凝土技术要求与工程实例，1999年4月
[3] Metha P K, Concrete durability—fifty year's progress, Proc. of 2nd inter. Cof. On Concrete Durability, ACI SP126-1, 1991, pp.1～31
[4] 范卫国等，钢筋混凝土电化学脱盐防腐保护成套技术研究(专题总报告)，“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目，南京水利科学研究院，2000年6月
[5] N.R. Buenfeld and J.P. Broomfield, Influence of electrochemical chloride extraction on the bond between steel and concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.52, No.2, pp.79-91, 2000
[6] U.Schneck, Investigation on the chloride transformation during the electrochemical chloride extraction process, Material and Corrosion, 2000, 51, 91-96
[7] A.J.Van den and R.B.Polder, Electrochemical realkalisation and chloride removal of concrete, Construction Repair, Vol.6, No.5, pp.19-24, 1992
[8] J.Bennet et al, Protection of concrete bridge components: Field Trials, Strategic highway research program, report SHRP-S-657, pp.201, 1993
[9] J.E.Slater, D.R.Lankard and P.J.Moreland, Electrochemical removal of chlorides from concrete bridge deck, Materials Performance, Vol. 15, No. 11, pp.21-26,1976
[10] J.A.Rogers etc., Discussion Electrochemical removal of chlorides from concrete bridge deck, Materials Performance, Vol.16, No.7, pp.48-49, 1977
[11] B.Elsener, M.Molina and H.Bohni, The electrochemical removal of chloride from reinforced concrete, Corrosion science, Vol.35, No.5, pp.1563-1570,1993
[12] J.E.Bennett and T.J.Schue, Electrochemical chloride from concrete: a SHRP contract status report, NACE, Corrosion 90, pp.316,1990
[13] J.B.Miller, Structure aspects of high-powered electrochemical treatment of reinforced concrete, Pro. of Inter. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, Ed. by Swamy RN, Univ. of Sheffield UK, pp.1498-1521, 1994
[14] N.R.Buenfeld and J.P.Broomfield, Effect of chloride removal on rebar bond structure & concrete properties, Pro. of Inter. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, Ed. by Swamy RN, Univ. of Sheffield UK, pp.1439-1450,1994
[15] E.E.Velivasakis, S.K.Henriksen and D.W.Whitmore, Halting corrosion by chloride extraction and re-alkalization, Concrete International, Vol. No. 10, pp.39-44,1997
[16] C.L.Page and S.W.Yu, Potential effects of electrochemical desalination of concrete on alkali-silica reaction , Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.47, No. 170, pp.23-31, 1995
[17] J.Mietz, Electrochemical rehabilitation method for reinforced concrete structures--a state of the report, Published for the European of corrosion by the institute of material,1998
[18] E.E.Velivasakis, S.K.Henriksen and R.Hauer, Chloride extraction and re-alkalization of reinforced concrete stops steel corrosion , Infrastructure: New material & material of repair, Proc. 3rd material engineering conf. materials engineering ASCE, Ed. by K.D.Basham, pp.1127-1134,1999． 11
[19] B.T.J.Stoop and R.B.Polder, Redistribution of chloride after electrochemical chloride removal from reinforced concrete prisms, Heron, Vol.44, No.1, pp.31-44,1999
[20] A.M.Hassanein,G.K.Glass, and N.R.Buenfeld, A mathematical model for
electrochemical removal of chloride from concrete structures, Corrosion, Vol.54, No4, pp: 323～332, 1998
[21] 朱雅仙，水工钢筋混凝土结构电渗防腐技术的室内试验研究，南京水利科学研究材料结构研究所，1995．10
[22] 朱雅仙，吕亿农，朱锡昶，电化学脱盐对钢筋混凝土性能的影响，南京水利科学研究院材料结构研究所，南京化工大学，2000．7
[23] M.Castellote, C.Andrade and M.C.Alonso, Changes in concrete pore size distribution due to electrochemical chloride migration trials, ACI Materials of Journal, 1999.96(3):314-319
[24] T.D.Marcotte, C.M.Hansson and B.B.Hope, The effect of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel-reinforced mortar part Ⅰ: electrochemical measurements, Cement and Concrete Research, 1999.29(10)1555-1567
[25] W.K.Green, S.B.Lyon and J.D.Scantlebury, Electrochemical changes in chloride contaminated reinforced concrete following cathodic polariaation, Corrosion Science, 1993.35(5-8): 1627-1631
[26] T.D.Marcotte, C.M.Hansson and B.B.Hope, The effect of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel-reinforced mortar part Ⅱ: microstructural charcaterization, Cement and Concrete Research, 1999.29(10)1561-1568
[27] C.L.Page, Computer simulation of ionic migration during electrochemical chloride extraction from hardened concrete, British Corrosion Journal, 1996.31(1): 73-75
[28] S.W.Yu and C.L.Page, Effects of electrochemical chloride extraction on chemical and mechancial properties of hydrated cement paste, Advances in Cement Research, 1996.8(31): 93-100
[29] 魏宝明主编，金属腐蚀理论及应用，化学工业出版社，北京，1984．12
[30] C.Andrade, M. Castellote, J. Sarria and C. Alonso, Evolution of pore solution chemistry, electro-osmosis and rebar corrosion rate induced by realkalisation, Materials and Structures, 1999.32(7): 427-436
[31] 朱雅仙，洪定海，盐污染混凝土的脱盐防腐，水运工程，1996．(9)：1-5
[2] 挪威埃肯集团公司，在海洋与化冰盐环境中混凝土构筑物的钢筋防锈技术对策——高耐久/高性能混凝土技术要求与工程实例，1999年4月
[3] Metha P K, Concrete durability—fifty year's progress, Proc. of 2nd inter. Cof. On Concrete Durability, ACI SP126-1, 1991, pp.1～31
[4] 范卫国等，钢筋混凝土电化学脱盐防腐保护成套技术研究(专题总报告)，“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目，南京水利科学研究院，2000年6月
[5] N.R. Buenfeld and J.P. Broomfield, Influence of electrochemical chloride extraction on the bond between steel and concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.52, No.2, pp.79-91, 2000
[6] U.Schneck, Investigation on the chloride transformation during the electrochemical chloride extraction process, Material and Corrosion, 2000, 51, 91-96
[7] A.J.Van den and R.B.Polder, Electrochemical realkalisation and chloride removal of concrete, Construction Repair, Vol.6, No.5, pp.19-24, 1992
[8] J.Bennet et al, Protection of concrete bridge components: Field Trials, Strategic highway research program, report SHRP-S-657, pp.201, 1993
[9] J.E.Slater, D.R.Lankard and P.J.Moreland, Electrochemical removal of chlorides from concrete bridge deck, Materials Performance, Vol. 15, No. 11, pp.21-26,1976
[10] J.A.Rogers etc., Discussion Electrochemical removal of chlorides from concrete bridge deck, Materials Performance, Vol.16, No.7, pp.48-49, 1977
[11] B.Elsener, M.Molina and H.Bohni, The electrochemical removal of chloride from reinforced concrete, Corrosion science, Vol.35, No.5, pp.1563-1570,1993
[12] J.E.Bennett and T.J.Schue, Electrochemical chloride from concrete: a SHRP contract status report, NACE, Corrosion 90, pp.316,1990
[13] J.B.Miller, Structure aspects of high-powered electrochemical treatment of reinforced concrete, Pro. of Inter. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, Ed. by Swamy RN, Univ. of Sheffield UK, pp.1498-1521, 1994
[14] N.R.Buenfeld and J.P.Broomfield, Effect of chloride removal on rebar bond structure & concrete properties, Pro. of Inter. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, Ed. by Swamy RN, Univ. of Sheffield UK, pp.1439-1450,1994
[15] E.E.Velivasakis, S.K.Henriksen and D.W.Whitmore, Halting corrosion by chloride extraction and re-alkalization, Concrete International, Vol. No. 10, pp.39-44,1997
[16] C.L.Page and S.W.Yu, Potential effects of electrochemical desalination of concrete on alkali-silica reaction , Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.47, No. 170, pp.23-31, 1995
[17] J.Mietz, Electrochemical rehabilitation method for reinforced concrete structures--a state of the report, Published for the European of corrosion by the institute of material,1998
[18] E.E.Velivasakis, S.K.Henriksen and R.Hauer, Chloride extraction and re-alkalization of reinforced concrete stops steel corrosion , Infrastructure: New material & material of repair, Proc. 3rd material engineering conf. materials engineering ASCE, Ed. by K.D.Basham, pp.1127-1134,1999． 11
[19] B.T.J.Stoop and R.B.Polder, Redistribution of chloride after electrochemical chloride removal from reinforced concrete prisms, Heron, Vol.44, No.1, pp.31-44,1999
[20] A.M.Hassanein,G.K.Glass, and N.R.Buenfeld, A mathematical model for
electrochemical removal of chloride from concrete structures, Corrosion, Vol.54, No4, pp: 323～332, 1998
[21] 朱雅仙，水工钢筋混凝土结构电渗防腐技术的室内试验研究，南京水利科学研究材料结构研究所，1995．10
[22] 朱雅仙，吕亿农，朱锡昶，电化学脱盐对钢筋混凝土性能的影响，南京水利科学研究院材料结构研究所，南京化工大学，2000．7
[23] M.Castellote, C.Andrade and M.C.Alonso, Changes in concrete pore size distribution due to electrochemical chloride migration trials, ACI Materials of Journal, 1999.96(3):314-319
[24] T.D.Marcotte, C.M.Hansson and B.B.Hope, The effect of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel-reinforced mortar part Ⅰ: electrochemical measurements, Cement and Concrete Research, 1999.29(10)1555-1567
[25] W.K.Green, S.B.Lyon and J.D.Scantlebury, Electrochemical changes in chloride contaminated reinforced concrete following cathodic polariaation, Corrosion Science, 1993.35(5-8): 1627-1631
[26] T.D.Marcotte, C.M.Hansson and B.B.Hope, The effect of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel-reinforced mortar part Ⅱ: microstructural charcaterization, Cement and Concrete Research, 1999.29(10)1561-1568
[27] C.L.Page, Computer simulation of ionic migration during electrochemical chloride extraction from hardened concrete, British Corrosion Journal, 1996.31(1): 73-75
[28] S.W.Yu and C.L.Page, Effects of electrochemical chloride extraction on chemical and mechancial properties of hydrated cement paste, Advances in Cement Research, 1996.8(31): 93-100
[29] 魏宝明主编，金属腐蚀理论及应用，化学工业出版社，北京，1984．12
[30] C.Andrade, M. Castellote, J. Sarria and C. Alonso, Evolution of pore solution chemistry, electro-osmosis and rebar corrosion rate induced by realkalisation, Materials and Structures, 1999.32(7): 427-436
[31] 朱雅仙，洪定海，盐污染混凝土的脱盐防腐，水运工程，1996．(9)：1-5