膨胀尼龙-6/石墨复合材料的制备与导电性能研究
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摘要
尼龙-6是工程塑料中开发最早的品种,由于其耐油性、耐磨性、抗震性、耐化学药品性、高强度、热稳定性等优点,已经被广泛应用于机床、汽车、机械、化工、纺织、交通运输等工业部门。但由于尼龙-6的耐强酸强碱性差、吸水率大,以及绝缘性能、容易燃烧等缺点限制了它的应用范围。人们通常采用共聚、共混、填充、增强、分子复合等方法对其进行改性,在保证其原有性能的基础上,使其物理性能得到改进。
膨胀石墨在保持原来石墨优良导电性的同时,还具有优良的自润滑性、耐高温性、耐腐蚀性等,因此它被广泛应用于导电、耐磨、减摩、防火阻燃等复合材料的制备中。它可作为一种非常好的填充剂与尼龙进行机械共混、掺杂,也可以与单体通过原位聚合来制备复合材料,这样就能明显地改善尼龙-6的物理性能。本文首次采用50目鳞片石墨为改性原材料,利用其制备出无硫低温下可膨胀的石墨层间化合物(可膨胀石墨),并将它作为制备膨胀尼龙-6/石墨复合材料的膨胀剂。将膨胀剂与尼龙-6的单体进行原位聚合,在热能量的作用下膨胀改性尼龙-6,得到了一种低密度的、多孔的、导电的新型复合材料。
本论文的主要工作:
1、采用50目的鳞片石墨为原料制备了超大膨胀体积的石墨层间化合物(可膨胀石墨),而且它在低温下也可以膨胀。
2、采用紫外、扫描电镜、高压液相、x-衍射、红外及能谱等手段对可膨胀石墨进行表征,获得了它们的结构、形貌和表观性能的相关信息。
3、用上述合成方法制备的可膨胀石墨为膨胀剂,在高温常压下制备了不同导电率的膨胀尼龙-6/石墨导电复合材料。
4、用IR、SEM、TEM、XRD等手段对复合材料进行表征,测定了它们的电阻值,并初步探讨了实验机理。
5、在超声条件下用不同原料制备了防静电尼龙膜,初步探讨各种条件对实验结果的影响。
Nylon-6 is one kind of pioneer engineering plastic, which has been widely applied to machine tool、auto car、mechanism、weave、traffic and chemical industry, because of it is able to bear oil、friction、shake and chemical medicine and has high strength、heat stability, etc. However, some deficiencies, such as poor capacity of anti-acid and anti-base, low impact intensity, highly moisture absorption and flammability, limit its broader application. So its properties usually improved by the way of altogether-polymerization、blending、filling、molecules-complex and so on.
Expanded graphite (EG) not only keeps the fine electrical conductivity of graphite, but also has the excellent ability of lubricating、anti-high temperature、anti-erosion and so on. So it has been widely applied to prepare conductive、wearable、antifriction and fireproofing composites. It could mechanically blend with nylon-6 as fine filler, and could get along with monomers as raw material to synthesis composites by in situ polymerization, then the material properties of the resulting composites are improved relative to the virgin polymer.
In this paper we use the 50 mesh flake graphite as raw material to prepare the graphite intercalation compound (expendable graphite), which could expand at low temperature. The sulfur-free expandable graphite was used as expanding agent to synthesize the expanded PA-6/graphite composites for the first time. The expanding agent and nylon-6 were mixed to process by in-situ polymerization, using the heat energy effect to expand and improve the properties of nylon-6, finally get a new kind of low-density、porous、conductive composite.
The main work of this thesis:
1. Using 50 mesh (320um) flake graphite as raw materials to prepare sulfur-free highly expandable graphite, and the expandable graphite could expand at low temperature.
2. The structure of expandable graphite had been measured by UV, SEM, HPLC, IR and XRD, etc.
3. The different expanded nylon-6/graphite conductive composites have been synthesized using expandable graphite as expanded agent, in high temperature and common pressure.
4. The structure of expanded nylon-6/graphite composites had been measured by IR, SEM, XRD and TEM, the electrical resistance was determined and the experimental mechanisms had been researched roughly.
5. The antistatic nylon film was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation with different raw materials, and the influence of different factors was researched roughly.
膨胀石墨在保持原来石墨优良导电性的同时,还具有优良的自润滑性、耐高温性、耐腐蚀性等,因此它被广泛应用于导电、耐磨、减摩、防火阻燃等复合材料的制备中。它可作为一种非常好的填充剂与尼龙进行机械共混、掺杂,也可以与单体通过原位聚合来制备复合材料,这样就能明显地改善尼龙-6的物理性能。本文首次采用50目鳞片石墨为改性原材料,利用其制备出无硫低温下可膨胀的石墨层间化合物(可膨胀石墨),并将它作为制备膨胀尼龙-6/石墨复合材料的膨胀剂。将膨胀剂与尼龙-6的单体进行原位聚合,在热能量的作用下膨胀改性尼龙-6,得到了一种低密度的、多孔的、导电的新型复合材料。
本论文的主要工作:
1、采用50目的鳞片石墨为原料制备了超大膨胀体积的石墨层间化合物(可膨胀石墨),而且它在低温下也可以膨胀。
2、采用紫外、扫描电镜、高压液相、x-衍射、红外及能谱等手段对可膨胀石墨进行表征,获得了它们的结构、形貌和表观性能的相关信息。
3、用上述合成方法制备的可膨胀石墨为膨胀剂,在高温常压下制备了不同导电率的膨胀尼龙-6/石墨导电复合材料。
4、用IR、SEM、TEM、XRD等手段对复合材料进行表征,测定了它们的电阻值,并初步探讨了实验机理。
5、在超声条件下用不同原料制备了防静电尼龙膜,初步探讨各种条件对实验结果的影响。
Nylon-6 is one kind of pioneer engineering plastic, which has been widely applied to machine tool、auto car、mechanism、weave、traffic and chemical industry, because of it is able to bear oil、friction、shake and chemical medicine and has high strength、heat stability, etc. However, some deficiencies, such as poor capacity of anti-acid and anti-base, low impact intensity, highly moisture absorption and flammability, limit its broader application. So its properties usually improved by the way of altogether-polymerization、blending、filling、molecules-complex and so on.
Expanded graphite (EG) not only keeps the fine electrical conductivity of graphite, but also has the excellent ability of lubricating、anti-high temperature、anti-erosion and so on. So it has been widely applied to prepare conductive、wearable、antifriction and fireproofing composites. It could mechanically blend with nylon-6 as fine filler, and could get along with monomers as raw material to synthesis composites by in situ polymerization, then the material properties of the resulting composites are improved relative to the virgin polymer.
In this paper we use the 50 mesh flake graphite as raw material to prepare the graphite intercalation compound (expendable graphite), which could expand at low temperature. The sulfur-free expandable graphite was used as expanding agent to synthesize the expanded PA-6/graphite composites for the first time. The expanding agent and nylon-6 were mixed to process by in-situ polymerization, using the heat energy effect to expand and improve the properties of nylon-6, finally get a new kind of low-density、porous、conductive composite.
The main work of this thesis:
1. Using 50 mesh (320um) flake graphite as raw materials to prepare sulfur-free highly expandable graphite, and the expandable graphite could expand at low temperature.
2. The structure of expandable graphite had been measured by UV, SEM, HPLC, IR and XRD, etc.
3. The different expanded nylon-6/graphite conductive composites have been synthesized using expandable graphite as expanded agent, in high temperature and common pressure.
4. The structure of expanded nylon-6/graphite composites had been measured by IR, SEM, XRD and TEM, the electrical resistance was determined and the experimental mechanisms had been researched roughly.
5. The antistatic nylon film was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation with different raw materials, and the influence of different factors was researched roughly.
引文
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[22] 传秀云,非金属矿,1997(4):18—21.
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[35] 宋克敏,郭会娟。功能材料,2000,31(4):433.
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