菊粉精制工艺研究
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摘要
菊粉以及其下游产物作为一种功能性食品添加剂已经在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。近年来,菊粉的开发利用受到国际食品界的高度重视,与其相关的研究十分活跃。而是我国在这一领域的研究与开发起步较晚,现在菊粉精制工艺相对落后,已经制约菊粉产业的发展。因此,对既能生产出高纯度菊粉又适合大规模工业化生产的精制工艺研究就显得十分重要。
本论文研究了以菊芋粗提液为原料,依次经过加灰充炭澄清,活性炭脱色,离子树脂脱盐和喷雾干燥等几步工艺操作,最终得到95%以上纯度的高质量菊粉。在对其工艺流程的研究和对其工艺条件的优化中,得到以下结论:
首先,确定以加灰充炭的方法澄清菊芋提取液,可以有效的除去蛋白质、果胶等大分子杂质。对其工艺条件优化结果表明,最佳工艺条件和结果为:加CaO到pH值13.4±0.1,充CO2气体到pH值为6.8±0.1,反应环境温度控制在80±2℃,测得最终蛋白质去除率为81.6%,总糖损失率3.4%(其中果糖占90%)。
其次,采用活性炭处理作为菊芋处理液脱色的工艺方法,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件和结果为:活性炭用量为2% (w/v),温度50±2℃,脱色时间40min,脱色率可达到85.8%。此外,在对活性炭等温吸附曲线进行拟合,结果表明所用活性炭的吸附等温模型符合Langmuir吸附等温式。
再次,采用D290阴离子树脂进一步吸附除去菊芋提取液中的剩余色素,再用D001阳离子树脂交换除去阳离子,实验结果表明脱色率为75%,灰分去除率为61%。离子交换的静态单因素实验表明其最佳工艺条件为:阴阳离子树脂用量为2% (w/v),温度50±2℃,反应3h。
最后,用喷雾干燥的方法分离水分,得到了白色菊粉粉末,对产品分析表明菊粉含量在95%以上。
Inulin and its downstream products as a functional food additives have been widely applied in the world, recent years, the development and utilization of inulin attaches great attention worldwide, and research associated was very active. But the research and development of this area in China started very late, the scale of industrial production was too small to meet the domestic and international market. So it is significant to both high-purity inulin production and refine art research of industrial large scale production.
This paper studied some workmanship operations, crude extraction liquid of Jerusalem artichoke was used as raw materials which was clarified by carbon filled with ash, decolorizied by activated carbon, desalinatied by ion resin, dried by spray, and finally got high quality Inulin of more than 95 percent purity. The conclusions are drawn within the optimization of process and condition.
First, confirmed the method of carbonation process used to clarify the exaction liquid of Inulin can remove protein,pectinand other macromolecules impurities. the result of optimization in workmanship showed that the best workmanship is to increase the ph to 13.4±0.1 by adding CaO first, and then decrease the ph to 6.8±0.1 by filling CO2 gas, in this process the reaction temperature must be controlled in 80±2℃,and the result is the removal rate of protein is 81.6%,with the 3.4% loss of total carbohydrate.
Second, study confirmed that Activated Carbon Treatment which was used to decolored Jerusalem artichoke is effective, and identified the best decolorization workmanship by activated carbon through single-factor test and Orthogonal test, the workmanship was to decolor in 50±2℃; 2% quantity by 40min. In addition, activated carbon isothermal adsorption showed that the adsorption isotherm model meet Langmuir the adsorption isotherm formula.
Third, D290 anion resin was used to remove the ion pigment in the Jerusalem artichoke extraction liquid by adsorption function, and D001 cation resin remove the cation by exchange function. The test showed that is a very high effective way for desalination. Static single factor test of ion exchange showed that it’s best workmanship was to react in 50±2℃; 2% quantity by 3h.
At last, spray drying was used to isolate water, we could get delicate white powder of Inulin. Product Analysis showed that the content of Inluin was more than 95%.
本论文研究了以菊芋粗提液为原料,依次经过加灰充炭澄清,活性炭脱色,离子树脂脱盐和喷雾干燥等几步工艺操作,最终得到95%以上纯度的高质量菊粉。在对其工艺流程的研究和对其工艺条件的优化中,得到以下结论:
首先,确定以加灰充炭的方法澄清菊芋提取液,可以有效的除去蛋白质、果胶等大分子杂质。对其工艺条件优化结果表明,最佳工艺条件和结果为:加CaO到pH值13.4±0.1,充CO2气体到pH值为6.8±0.1,反应环境温度控制在80±2℃,测得最终蛋白质去除率为81.6%,总糖损失率3.4%(其中果糖占90%)。
其次,采用活性炭处理作为菊芋处理液脱色的工艺方法,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件和结果为:活性炭用量为2% (w/v),温度50±2℃,脱色时间40min,脱色率可达到85.8%。此外,在对活性炭等温吸附曲线进行拟合,结果表明所用活性炭的吸附等温模型符合Langmuir吸附等温式。
再次,采用D290阴离子树脂进一步吸附除去菊芋提取液中的剩余色素,再用D001阳离子树脂交换除去阳离子,实验结果表明脱色率为75%,灰分去除率为61%。离子交换的静态单因素实验表明其最佳工艺条件为:阴阳离子树脂用量为2% (w/v),温度50±2℃,反应3h。
最后,用喷雾干燥的方法分离水分,得到了白色菊粉粉末,对产品分析表明菊粉含量在95%以上。
Inulin and its downstream products as a functional food additives have been widely applied in the world, recent years, the development and utilization of inulin attaches great attention worldwide, and research associated was very active. But the research and development of this area in China started very late, the scale of industrial production was too small to meet the domestic and international market. So it is significant to both high-purity inulin production and refine art research of industrial large scale production.
This paper studied some workmanship operations, crude extraction liquid of Jerusalem artichoke was used as raw materials which was clarified by carbon filled with ash, decolorizied by activated carbon, desalinatied by ion resin, dried by spray, and finally got high quality Inulin of more than 95 percent purity. The conclusions are drawn within the optimization of process and condition.
First, confirmed the method of carbonation process used to clarify the exaction liquid of Inulin can remove protein,pectinand other macromolecules impurities. the result of optimization in workmanship showed that the best workmanship is to increase the ph to 13.4±0.1 by adding CaO first, and then decrease the ph to 6.8±0.1 by filling CO2 gas, in this process the reaction temperature must be controlled in 80±2℃,and the result is the removal rate of protein is 81.6%,with the 3.4% loss of total carbohydrate.
Second, study confirmed that Activated Carbon Treatment which was used to decolored Jerusalem artichoke is effective, and identified the best decolorization workmanship by activated carbon through single-factor test and Orthogonal test, the workmanship was to decolor in 50±2℃; 2% quantity by 40min. In addition, activated carbon isothermal adsorption showed that the adsorption isotherm model meet Langmuir the adsorption isotherm formula.
Third, D290 anion resin was used to remove the ion pigment in the Jerusalem artichoke extraction liquid by adsorption function, and D001 cation resin remove the cation by exchange function. The test showed that is a very high effective way for desalination. Static single factor test of ion exchange showed that it’s best workmanship was to react in 50±2℃; 2% quantity by 3h.
At last, spray drying was used to isolate water, we could get delicate white powder of Inulin. Product Analysis showed that the content of Inluin was more than 95%.
引文
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[3]Grinenko,Grouhetsky. Topinambour as asource of high-molecular inulin.Abstracts for proceeding of Third International Fructan Conference,Logan,UT,1996,7:21～24
[4]Bobrovnik L D,Grekhov A M,Groushetsky R I,et al. New computer models of the spatial structure of fructan, Abstract of Third International. Fructan Conference,Logan, Utah,USA1996, 21-24.
[5]华承伟,王建华等,菊粉化学和微生物菊粉内切酶研究进展,中国食品报,2004,12,4:103～108
[6]郑建仙,功能性低聚糖,化学工业出版社,2004:58～60
[7]Biedrzycka E,Bielecka M.Prebiotic effectiveness of fructans of different degrees of polymerization.Trends Food Sei Technol. 2004,15:170-175.
[8]Coudray C,Tressol JC,Gueux E,et a1.Effects of inulin—type fructans of different chain length and type of branching on intestinal absorption and balance of calcium and magnesium in rats.Eur J Nutr,2003,42:91-98.
[9]Gibson G R, Bear E R, Wang X, et al. Selective stimulation of Bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin .Gastroenterology,1995,108:975-982
[10]Gibson G R, Roberfroid M B. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota-introducing the concept of perbiotics. Journal of Nutrition,1995,125:1401-1412
[11]Pedersen A ,Sandstrom B,van Amelsvoort,et a1.The efect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females.British Journal of Nutrition 1997,78:215-222
[12]Pedersen A ,Sandstrom B,van Amelsvoort,et a1.The efect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females.British Journal of Nutrition 1997,78:215-222
[13]Kim M, Shin H K. The water-soluble extract of chicory reduces glucose up take from the pefrused jejunum in rats. Journal of Nutrition,1996,126:2236-2242
[14]Ohta A,Baba S ,Takizawa T ,et al .Efects of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of magnesium in the magnesium-deficient rat model. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 1994,40:171-180
[15]Remesy C ,Behr S R ,Levrat M A,et al .Fiber fermentation in the cecum and its physiological consequences.Nutrition Research,1992,12:1235-1244
[16]Oku T ,Tokunaga R .Improvement of metabolism: efect of fructo-oligosaccharides on rat intestine. Proc.2nd Neosugar Research Conference,Tokyo,Japan.1984,53-65.
[17]Reddy B S ,Hamid R ,Rao C V .Efect of dietary oligofructose and inulin on colonic preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci inhibition.Carcinogenesis,1997,18:1371-1374
[18]胡学智,凌晨,武雯等.工业微生物,1998,28(1):1～6
[19]Kita A, Matsui H, Somoto A et al. Agric.Biol. Chem. 1991 , 55 (9) : 2327～2335
[20]Takewaki S I , Kimura A , Kubotra M et al.Biosci. Biotech. Biochem, 1993,57 (9) : 1508～1513
[21]藤井聪,山村健一郎,富冈靖行等,精糖技术研究会志,1996,44:51～57
[22]Krohn B M , Lindsay J A. Current Microbiology , 1991 , 22 : 133～140
[23]Degnan B A , Macfarlane G T. Current Microbiology , 1994 , 29 : 43～47
[24]Piller K, Daniel R M , Petach H H. Biochim.Biophys. Acta , 1996 , 1292 (1) : 197～205
[25]Krohn B M , Lindsay J A. Current Microbiology , 1991 , 22 : 273～278
[26]中山亨,落合美佐,中尾正宏等,应用糖质科学,1998,45 (2):185～197
[27]中山亨,落合美佐,中尾正宏等,应用糖质科学,1998,45 (2):289～326
[28]郑建仙,新型糖苷酶生产关键技术与典型范例,2006 ,92～93
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