基于PC的管线防腐数据采集与监控系统设计
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摘要
本课题是湖北省科技攻关项目埋地管线腐蚀与防护信息系统的子课题，研究出管线防腐数据采集与监控系统是该项目的关键之一。
管线运输已成为现代工业和国民经济的命脉，但随着管线的增多，管龄的增长以及施工缺陷和腐蚀等问题的存在，管道事故频频发生。采用涂层防腐这一物理防腐法，实际效果并不理想，而电化学保护法与防腐涂层联合应用则可弥补防腐涂层缺陷，可更彻底地抵制金属管道发生腐蚀反应。
本文首先对管线阴极保护的重要性、原理及要求进行基本介绍，然后阐述了数据采集基本原理和监控系统的发展。在现有的理论基础上，本文为埋地管线阴极保护系统设计防腐电源，并为防腐电源设计了安全可靠、价格低、功能完备的监控系统，一切诸如采集、通讯、显示、报警等工作都是通过远程监控的方式来实现。系统主要采用PC机、单片机和PWM集成芯片构成，包括阴极保护电源、数据采集和监控系统，并通过RS-485总线进行通讯。本系统采用SG3525A芯片构成开关电源模块，提供管线阴极保护电流；采用单片机系统做为数据采集模块，采集管线现场自然腐蚀电位、保护电位、保护电流等数据，并把采集的数据通过串行口送往PC机；PC机为主控模块监控整个电源系统的工作状态，控制整个模块的投入和退出，完成人机对话；利用显示器显示系统输出电压、电流。当防腐电源模块出现过压、过流时，主控模块可进行声光报警。
本设计是围绕管线阴极保护电源的信号采集与监控进行的，设计时采用分布式控制结构将PC机与单片机有机结合在一起，同时利用VC++强大的功能编写通讯和监控软件，构成管线数据采集与监控系统。该系统可扩展性强，编程控制方便，构造灵活，为管线防腐提供了一条有效途径。
The dissertation stems from the item 'the eroded and defended system of pipe under the ground' importantly supported by the Fund of Hubei Physical Science.
The pipe transport is vitals of modern industry and country economy. But pipe accident happen continually because the coating quality is not so good when the pipeline was constructed; the coating material becomes ageing more and more, and lack of maintenance since the pipeline was put into commissioning. The Protection effect of Coating is not good. The combination protection of coating and CP(Cathode Protection) system can enhance the effect and protect the pipeline from being eroded.
At first the paper introduced the demand of Cathode Protection (CP) , the fundamental of data collection and the development of control system in general. Based on the present theory, the paper presented a security; inexpensive and complete control system for the power supply of CP, which is the heart of pipeline CP system. All the work, such as data collection, communication, display and alarm, can be realized by remote control. The control system consisted of PC, single chip and PWM integration chip. It comprised CP power supply module, data collection module and control module. The PC is in communication with single chip by RS-485 bus. Then the paper introduced the structure of these modules. The power supply module is made of SG3525A, which supply current for pipeline CP. The data collection module is made up of single chip, which collect the nature eroding voltage, protection voltage and current on the spot and transport these data to PC by COM. PC constitutes master control module, which inspects work state of the whole CP system, control the system start and exit, display data out of the single chip. We make man-machine conversation by PC. PC gives voice and light alarm when the power supply is over natural voltage and current.
In the design, advanced PC and grown up Single Chip forming data collection system are combined closely. The system is in DCS structure. This data collection and control system can be expanded easily and controlled expediently. It makes the design and use agility. This system provides an efficiency approach for pipeline antisepsis.
管线运输已成为现代工业和国民经济的命脉，但随着管线的增多，管龄的增长以及施工缺陷和腐蚀等问题的存在，管道事故频频发生。采用涂层防腐这一物理防腐法，实际效果并不理想，而电化学保护法与防腐涂层联合应用则可弥补防腐涂层缺陷，可更彻底地抵制金属管道发生腐蚀反应。
本文首先对管线阴极保护的重要性、原理及要求进行基本介绍，然后阐述了数据采集基本原理和监控系统的发展。在现有的理论基础上，本文为埋地管线阴极保护系统设计防腐电源，并为防腐电源设计了安全可靠、价格低、功能完备的监控系统，一切诸如采集、通讯、显示、报警等工作都是通过远程监控的方式来实现。系统主要采用PC机、单片机和PWM集成芯片构成，包括阴极保护电源、数据采集和监控系统，并通过RS-485总线进行通讯。本系统采用SG3525A芯片构成开关电源模块，提供管线阴极保护电流；采用单片机系统做为数据采集模块，采集管线现场自然腐蚀电位、保护电位、保护电流等数据，并把采集的数据通过串行口送往PC机；PC机为主控模块监控整个电源系统的工作状态，控制整个模块的投入和退出，完成人机对话；利用显示器显示系统输出电压、电流。当防腐电源模块出现过压、过流时，主控模块可进行声光报警。
本设计是围绕管线阴极保护电源的信号采集与监控进行的，设计时采用分布式控制结构将PC机与单片机有机结合在一起，同时利用VC++强大的功能编写通讯和监控软件，构成管线数据采集与监控系统。该系统可扩展性强，编程控制方便，构造灵活，为管线防腐提供了一条有效途径。
The dissertation stems from the item 'the eroded and defended system of pipe under the ground' importantly supported by the Fund of Hubei Physical Science.
The pipe transport is vitals of modern industry and country economy. But pipe accident happen continually because the coating quality is not so good when the pipeline was constructed; the coating material becomes ageing more and more, and lack of maintenance since the pipeline was put into commissioning. The Protection effect of Coating is not good. The combination protection of coating and CP(Cathode Protection) system can enhance the effect and protect the pipeline from being eroded.
At first the paper introduced the demand of Cathode Protection (CP) , the fundamental of data collection and the development of control system in general. Based on the present theory, the paper presented a security; inexpensive and complete control system for the power supply of CP, which is the heart of pipeline CP system. All the work, such as data collection, communication, display and alarm, can be realized by remote control. The control system consisted of PC, single chip and PWM integration chip. It comprised CP power supply module, data collection module and control module. The PC is in communication with single chip by RS-485 bus. Then the paper introduced the structure of these modules. The power supply module is made of SG3525A, which supply current for pipeline CP. The data collection module is made up of single chip, which collect the nature eroding voltage, protection voltage and current on the spot and transport these data to PC by COM. PC constitutes master control module, which inspects work state of the whole CP system, control the system start and exit, display data out of the single chip. We make man-machine conversation by PC. PC gives voice and light alarm when the power supply is over natural voltage and current.
In the design, advanced PC and grown up Single Chip forming data collection system are combined closely. The system is in DCS structure. This data collection and control system can be expanded easily and controlled expediently. It makes the design and use agility. This system provides an efficiency approach for pipeline antisepsis.
引文
[1] Housner G W. Structure Control: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1997, 123(9): 897-899
[2] Inaudi D, Casanova N, Martinoda G, et al. Monitoring of concrete structures with fiber optic sensors. 5 th International Workshop on Material Properties and Design: Durable Reinforced Concrete Structures. Weimar: Ac dificatio Publisher, 1998
[3] Choquet P, Juneau F, Dadoun F. New Generation of Fiber-Optic Sensors for Dam Monitoring. Proceeding of the 99 International Conference on Dam Ssafety and Monitoring. Three Gorge Project Site. Yiehang, 1999
[4] Wei Z G, Sandstrom R. Shape-memory materials and hybrid composites for smart systems. Materials Science, 1998, 33
[5] Merzbachert I, Kersey A D, Friebele E J, Fiber optic sensors in concrete structures: a review. Smart Material Structure, 1996,5
[6] Grattan K T V, Sun T. Fiber optic sensor technology: a review. Sensors and Actuators,2000
[7] D.L Duning, Weighing System Design, Measurement & Control, 1987 May, 21, 5
[8] NuDAQ PCI-9111DG/HR Multi-Functions Data Acquisition Card User's Guide, PC-Based Measurement & Automation, ADLINK TECHNOLOGY INC, 2000
[9] A.F Arbel, Analog Signal Processing and Instrumentation, Cambridge University Press,1986
[10] 徐小力等．智能监测系统的结构、功能和有关技术．北京理工大学出版社．1996．6
[11] 罗克露．微型计算机与应用(第二版)．电子工业出版社．2002．12
[12] 杨勇．微型计算机接口技术．电子工业出版社．2003．1
[13] 潘新民．微型计算机控制技术．电子工业出版社．2003．1
[14] 杨会成，袁柱六．基于串行通信的数据采集系统设计与实现．安徽程科技学院学报，2002，03：93～109
[15] 房小翠．单片微型计算机与机电接口技术．电子工业出版社．2002．12
[16] 马明建．数据采集与处理技术．西安交通大学出版社．1998．9
[17] 沙占友．特种集成电源最新应用技术．人民邮电出版社．1996．5
[18] 夏得衿．自动控制理论．机械工业出版社．1993．7
[19] 侯国章．测试与传感技术[M]．哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1998．141～154
[20] 徐先开．实用新型传感器及其应用[M]．辽宁科学技术出版社．1995．468～471
[21] 杨帮文．新型实用电源电路集锦．人民邮电出版社．1999．10
[22] 张卫平．绿色电源-现代电能变换技术及应用．科学出版社．2001．11
[23] 何系才．新型开关电源设计与应用．科学出版社．2001．2
[24] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．电子工业出版社．1998．6
[25] 李广弟．单片机基础．北京航空航天大学出版社．1998．2
[26] 李爱文等．现代逆变技术及其应用．科学出版社．2000．9
[27] 徐以荣等．电力电子学基础．东南大学出版社．1994．5
[28] 于海生．微型计算机控制技术．清华大学出版社．1999．3
[29] 阮新波．脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换的软开关技术．科学出版社．1999．9
[30] 赵良炳．现代电力电子技术基础．清华大学出版社．2001．8
[31] 王晓明．电动机的单片机控制．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．5
[32] 甘勇，宋寅卯，高为民．Windows2000下基于RS-485工业数据采集网络的设计与实现．河南师范大学学报，2001，29(4)：82～84
[33] 李朝青．单片机及PC机数据通信技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．10
[34] 陈宝国．开关电源高频变压器的设计．河北工业科技．1999．2：45～49
[35] 雷淑英，尹绍宏，王秀清．单片机控制的数据采集系统．天津轻工业学院学报，2001．3．21～25
[36] 鲁沐浴．C语言最新编程技巧2000例．电子工业出版社．1995．11
[37] 王鹰翔，张健．C高级程序设计．宇航出版社．1992．12
[38] 李广军，王厚军．实用接口技术．电子科技大学出版社．1997．10
[39] 张云生．实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用．国防工业出版社．1989．2
[40] 张华鹏，张波．通用数据采集板的设计与实现．洛阳工业高等专科学校学报，2001，11(4)：23～24
[41] 吴菲．PC与单片机联合数据采集方法的探讨．南京晓庄学院学报，2001，17(4)：87～90
[42] 朱连章，王冬梅，章东升．计算机数据采集系统中的精度问题研究．兵工自动化，2003，22(1)：58～60
[43] 鞠儒生，王辉，吴浩．一种智能数据采集与控制装置．电气传动自动化，2001，23(4)．43～45
[44] 王吉华，钱定芳．基于实时特别数据采集的内燃机燃烧分析系统的研制．内燃机，2002，06：159～160
[45] 苗常青，刘庆明．数据采集系统软件设计及其应有研究．弹箭与制导学报，2002，01：162～170
[2] Inaudi D, Casanova N, Martinoda G, et al. Monitoring of concrete structures with fiber optic sensors. 5 th International Workshop on Material Properties and Design: Durable Reinforced Concrete Structures. Weimar: Ac dificatio Publisher, 1998
[3] Choquet P, Juneau F, Dadoun F. New Generation of Fiber-Optic Sensors for Dam Monitoring. Proceeding of the 99 International Conference on Dam Ssafety and Monitoring. Three Gorge Project Site. Yiehang, 1999
[4] Wei Z G, Sandstrom R. Shape-memory materials and hybrid composites for smart systems. Materials Science, 1998, 33
[5] Merzbachert I, Kersey A D, Friebele E J, Fiber optic sensors in concrete structures: a review. Smart Material Structure, 1996,5
[6] Grattan K T V, Sun T. Fiber optic sensor technology: a review. Sensors and Actuators,2000
[7] D.L Duning, Weighing System Design, Measurement & Control, 1987 May, 21, 5
[8] NuDAQ PCI-9111DG/HR Multi-Functions Data Acquisition Card User's Guide, PC-Based Measurement & Automation, ADLINK TECHNOLOGY INC, 2000
[9] A.F Arbel, Analog Signal Processing and Instrumentation, Cambridge University Press,1986
[10] 徐小力等．智能监测系统的结构、功能和有关技术．北京理工大学出版社．1996．6
[11] 罗克露．微型计算机与应用(第二版)．电子工业出版社．2002．12
[12] 杨勇．微型计算机接口技术．电子工业出版社．2003．1
[13] 潘新民．微型计算机控制技术．电子工业出版社．2003．1
[14] 杨会成，袁柱六．基于串行通信的数据采集系统设计与实现．安徽程科技学院学报，2002，03：93～109
[15] 房小翠．单片微型计算机与机电接口技术．电子工业出版社．2002．12
[16] 马明建．数据采集与处理技术．西安交通大学出版社．1998．9
[17] 沙占友．特种集成电源最新应用技术．人民邮电出版社．1996．5
[18] 夏得衿．自动控制理论．机械工业出版社．1993．7
[19] 侯国章．测试与传感技术[M]．哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1998．141～154
[20] 徐先开．实用新型传感器及其应用[M]．辽宁科学技术出版社．1995．468～471
[21] 杨帮文．新型实用电源电路集锦．人民邮电出版社．1999．10
[22] 张卫平．绿色电源-现代电能变换技术及应用．科学出版社．2001．11
[23] 何系才．新型开关电源设计与应用．科学出版社．2001．2
[24] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．电子工业出版社．1998．6
[25] 李广弟．单片机基础．北京航空航天大学出版社．1998．2
[26] 李爱文等．现代逆变技术及其应用．科学出版社．2000．9
[27] 徐以荣等．电力电子学基础．东南大学出版社．1994．5
[28] 于海生．微型计算机控制技术．清华大学出版社．1999．3
[29] 阮新波．脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换的软开关技术．科学出版社．1999．9
[30] 赵良炳．现代电力电子技术基础．清华大学出版社．2001．8
[31] 王晓明．电动机的单片机控制．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．5
[32] 甘勇，宋寅卯，高为民．Windows2000下基于RS-485工业数据采集网络的设计与实现．河南师范大学学报，2001，29(4)：82～84
[33] 李朝青．单片机及PC机数据通信技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．10
[34] 陈宝国．开关电源高频变压器的设计．河北工业科技．1999．2：45～49
[35] 雷淑英，尹绍宏，王秀清．单片机控制的数据采集系统．天津轻工业学院学报，2001．3．21～25
[36] 鲁沐浴．C语言最新编程技巧2000例．电子工业出版社．1995．11
[37] 王鹰翔，张健．C高级程序设计．宇航出版社．1992．12
[38] 李广军，王厚军．实用接口技术．电子科技大学出版社．1997．10
[39] 张云生．实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用．国防工业出版社．1989．2
[40] 张华鹏，张波．通用数据采集板的设计与实现．洛阳工业高等专科学校学报，2001，11(4)：23～24
[41] 吴菲．PC与单片机联合数据采集方法的探讨．南京晓庄学院学报，2001，17(4)：87～90
[42] 朱连章，王冬梅，章东升．计算机数据采集系统中的精度问题研究．兵工自动化，2003，22(1)：58～60
[43] 鞠儒生，王辉，吴浩．一种智能数据采集与控制装置．电气传动自动化，2001，23(4)．43～45
[44] 王吉华，钱定芳．基于实时特别数据采集的内燃机燃烧分析系统的研制．内燃机，2002，06：159～160
[45] 苗常青，刘庆明．数据采集系统软件设计及其应有研究．弹箭与制导学报，2002，01：162～170