基于 LabVIEW 的风电场电能质量网络监测系统
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摘要
随着我国风场装机容量的不断增加，风电并网对电网电能质量的影响越来越大，严重时会危及局部电网或弱电网的安全；又因为风场一般在偏远地区，远离管理中心，为实现风场少人值守或无人值守、降低风电成本，开发一套风场电能质量的网络化监测系统为远端监管中心管理风场提供实时数据支持显得尤为迫切和必要。
本文首先介绍了国内外风力发电的发展，以及对风场电能质量进行监测的必要性。其次，分析了风电并网影响电网电能质量的原因，对小波分析和快速傅里叶分析在电能质量分析中的应用进行了详细说明。再次，着重介绍了基于LabVIEW数据采集系统的软、硬件知识，运用LabVIEW和MATLAB混合编程技术实现对风机信号的小波去噪和FFT分析。最后，提出了网络化测量仪器的构成，利用LabVIEW远程面板技术，设计并实现了B/S模式下基于LabVIEW的风场电能质量的网络化测量系统。
本系统在风场服务器端实现对风机三相电压和电流信号的采集、显示和小波去噪，之后经LabVIEW软件编程求取风机的电压偏差、频率偏差、谐波、三相不平衡度和电压波动；在远端浏览器通过LabVIEW远程面板技术对服务器端进行控制并实时显示风机电能质量的五项参数。经仿真和实验验证了数据采集系统和数据处理系统的协调性和可靠性。系统具有良好的人机界面，测量精度高，并能根据用户的需求相应的增加或修改一些功能。
In order to realize there are less people on duty or unattended and less cost of windpower, it is particularly urgent and necessary to develop a network monitoring system ofwind field power quality to provide real-time data support for the remote monitoringcenter management of wind farms. because with the capacity of Chinese wind powerincrease, grid-connected wind power has more and more influence on power quality andin severe cases it may threaten the security of local power grid or weak power grid.Besides the wind fields are usually in remote areas and far away from the managementcenter.
This thesis firstly introduces the domestic and overseas development of wind powergeneration, as well as the necessity of monitoring the power quality of wind fields.Secondly, it analyzes the reasons of the wind power grid influences power quality, anddescribes the wavelet analysis and FFT analysis in the application of power qualityanalysis in detail. Thirdly, the thesis emphatically introduces data acquisition system ofsoft and hardware knowledge based on the LabVIEW, in addition it uses LabVIEW andMATLAB mixed programming technology for wind power generators signal waveletdenoising and FFT analysis. Finally, it proposes the composition of network measuringinstruments, uses LabVIEW remote panels technology to design and fulfill the B/S modewind power quality network measurement which is based on LabVIEW.
The system in the wind field server-side collects and displays wind power generatorsthree-phase voltage and current signals, and does wavelet denoising, and then get windpower generators voltage deviation, frequency deviation, harmonic, three-phase unbalancedegree and voltage fluctuation by LabVIEW software programming. In the far endbrowser can control server-side and display real-time of the five parameters of the windturbine power quality through the LabVIEW remote panel technology. The simulationsand experiments validate the reliability and coordination of the data acquisition systemand data processing system. The system has good human-computer interface, highmeasurement accuracy, and be able to increase or modify some features correspondinglyaccording to the needs of users.
本文首先介绍了国内外风力发电的发展，以及对风场电能质量进行监测的必要性。其次，分析了风电并网影响电网电能质量的原因，对小波分析和快速傅里叶分析在电能质量分析中的应用进行了详细说明。再次，着重介绍了基于LabVIEW数据采集系统的软、硬件知识，运用LabVIEW和MATLAB混合编程技术实现对风机信号的小波去噪和FFT分析。最后，提出了网络化测量仪器的构成，利用LabVIEW远程面板技术，设计并实现了B/S模式下基于LabVIEW的风场电能质量的网络化测量系统。
本系统在风场服务器端实现对风机三相电压和电流信号的采集、显示和小波去噪，之后经LabVIEW软件编程求取风机的电压偏差、频率偏差、谐波、三相不平衡度和电压波动；在远端浏览器通过LabVIEW远程面板技术对服务器端进行控制并实时显示风机电能质量的五项参数。经仿真和实验验证了数据采集系统和数据处理系统的协调性和可靠性。系统具有良好的人机界面，测量精度高，并能根据用户的需求相应的增加或修改一些功能。
In order to realize there are less people on duty or unattended and less cost of windpower, it is particularly urgent and necessary to develop a network monitoring system ofwind field power quality to provide real-time data support for the remote monitoringcenter management of wind farms. because with the capacity of Chinese wind powerincrease, grid-connected wind power has more and more influence on power quality andin severe cases it may threaten the security of local power grid or weak power grid.Besides the wind fields are usually in remote areas and far away from the managementcenter.
This thesis firstly introduces the domestic and overseas development of wind powergeneration, as well as the necessity of monitoring the power quality of wind fields.Secondly, it analyzes the reasons of the wind power grid influences power quality, anddescribes the wavelet analysis and FFT analysis in the application of power qualityanalysis in detail. Thirdly, the thesis emphatically introduces data acquisition system ofsoft and hardware knowledge based on the LabVIEW, in addition it uses LabVIEW andMATLAB mixed programming technology for wind power generators signal waveletdenoising and FFT analysis. Finally, it proposes the composition of network measuringinstruments, uses LabVIEW remote panels technology to design and fulfill the B/S modewind power quality network measurement which is based on LabVIEW.
The system in the wind field server-side collects and displays wind power generatorsthree-phase voltage and current signals, and does wavelet denoising, and then get windpower generators voltage deviation, frequency deviation, harmonic, three-phase unbalancedegree and voltage fluctuation by LabVIEW software programming. In the far endbrowser can control server-side and display real-time of the five parameters of the windturbine power quality through the LabVIEW remote panel technology. The simulationsand experiments validate the reliability and coordination of the data acquisition systemand data processing system. The system has good human-computer interface, highmeasurement accuracy, and be able to increase or modify some features correspondinglyaccording to the needs of users.
引文
[1]朱剑明.世界能源现状与内燃机的发展机遇[J].内燃机工程, 2011.4: 80-84.
[2]汪永智.风力发电中电能质量监测系统研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2009:1-2.
[3]包耳.风力发电的发展状况与展望[J].大连民族学院学报，2011.1:24-27.
[4]吴晓朝.风电场电能质量分析与实时监测系统的研究[D].广州.华南理工大学硕士学位论文，2006.4.
[5]刘海涛,丛雨.风电场电能质量监测及风机功率特性曲线修正分析[J].内蒙古电力技术.2011.第29卷第1期:34-36.
[6]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2004:1-20.
[7]高玉洁.风电场接入电网后的电能质量问题分析[J].南方电网技术.2009，Vol.3，No.4:68-72.
[8] Poisson O,Rioual P,Meunier M.New signal processing tools applied to power qualityanalysis[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1999,14(2):561-566.
[9]张乐丰.风电并网对电力系统的影响[J].江苏电机工程，2011,Vo1.30，No.2:81-84.
[10] SUN Tao,WANG Weisheng,DAI Huizhu,et al.Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Caused by WindPower Generation[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(12):63-70.
[11] Castro R M G，Ferreira de Jesus J M，A wind park reduced-order model using singuarperturbbations theory[J].IEEE Transactions on energy Convection，1996,11（4）：735-741.
[12] Chai Chompoo-inwai, Lee Wei-Jen, Fuangfoo P, et al.System impact study for the interconnectionof wind generation and utility system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2005.
[13]赵海翔,陈默子,戴惠珠.风电并网引起闪变的测试系统仿真[J].太阳能学报，2005，26(1)：28-33．
[14] Piwko Richard, Miller Nicholas,Sanchez-Gasca Juan,et al.Integrating large wind farms into weakpowergrids with long transmission lines[C].2006.
[15]孙春顺,王耀南,李欣然.飞轮辅助的风力发电系统功率和频率综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报.2008.28(29)：l11-115．
[16] Jos A,Math H J Bollen．Power quality following deregulation[J]．Proceedings of the IEEE，2000，88(2)：246-261．
[17]孙涛,王伟胜,戴慧珠.风力发电引起的电压波动和闪变[J].电网技术,2003，27(12)：62-66.
[18] Larsson A.Flicker emission of wind turbines during continuous operation[J].IEEE Transactions onEnergy Conversion, 2002, 17(1):114-118.
[19]冯占稳.电气化铁路及风电对电网电能质量的影响分析[D].天津.天津大学硕士学位论文，2009:48-56.
[20]吴俊玲.大型风电场并网运行的若干技术问题研究[D].北京.清华大学硕士学位论文，2004.
[21]王纯琦.大型风力发电场接入电网电能质量问题研究[D].新疆.新疆大学硕士学位论文，2007:16-56.
[22] Bidl A．The wind farm aggregation impact on power quality[C].Proceedings of the 32nd AnnualConference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society．Paris，France：National Renewable EnergyLaboratory，2006：101—109.
[23] Thiringer T,Dahlberg J.Periodic pulsations from a three-bladed wind turbine[J].IEEE Transactionson Energy Conversion. 2001, 16(2):128-133.
[24] Hansen Anca D.etal.Wind farm modeling for powerquality[C].The 2T’annual conference of theIEEE industrial electronice socerty，IECON’01,2001,1959-1964.
[25] Slootweg J G，Kung W L.Modeling of large wind farms in Power system simulations[C].IEEEPower Engineering Society Summer Meeting，USA，Chicago，2002:503-508.
[26] Larsson Flicker emission of wind turbines caused by switching operation[J].IEEE Transactions onEnergy Conversion，2002，17(1):119-123.
[27] Pham V L,Wong K P.Antidistortion method forwavelet transform filter banks and nonstationarypower system waveform harmonic analysis[J].IEE Proceedings On Generation,Transmission andDistribution,2001,148（2）：177-182.
[28] Sumathi S,Surekha P.LabVIEW based Advanced Instrumentation Systems[M].Springer,2007.
[29]秦树人.尹爱军.现代虚拟仪器[M].北京:机械工业出版社，2011:2-8.
[30]马永强,周林,武剑.基于LabVIEW的新型电能质量实时监测系统[J].测试与仪表，2009，Vol.46，No.519:40-44.
[31]彭明智,刘永强,赵富强.风电电能质量监测系统的设计与应用[J].低压电器，2010，No.7:45-48.
[32]陈昭平.虚拟仪器技术在电能质量监测系统中的应用研究[D].成都.西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2006.4.
[33]张希.基于LabVIEW的电能质量检测系统[D].陕西.西安科技大学硕士学位论文，2009.4.
[34]刘志刚.钱清泉.小波在电力系统信号消噪中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报，2004,24(1):30-34.
[35]苏义鑫,周阳宁,陈敏.小波变换在电力系统谐波检测中的应用[J].中国水运，2009,19(2):101-102,106.
[36]张伏生,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法[J].中国电机工程学报，1999,19(3).
[37] Hiroyuki M, Kenji I. An artificial neural -net based method for predicting power system voltageharmonic. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems .1996.
[38]郑常宝.无功功率测量方法及其应用研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学硕士学位，2007.5.
[39]聂晶晶.电能质量监测系统及PQDIF数据存储格式的研究[D].南京.东南大学硕士学位论文，2006.3.
[40]刘芳.基于小波变换理论的电能质量分析仪的设计[D].山西大学硕士学位论文，2010.6.
[41]雷亚洲.与风电并网相关的研究课题[J].电力系统自动化，2003，Vo1.27，No.8：84-89.
[42]张天镜.基于WEB实现FPGA的远程多路数据采集系统[D].南京.南京理工大学硕士学位论文，2005.6.
[43]张鑫.基于LabVIEW的阵列式气体传感器动态数据采集系统[D].厦门.厦门大学硕士学位论文，2007.6.
[44]金涛.虚拟仪器系统的误差分析方法的研究[D].重庆.重庆大学博士学位论文，2005.3.
[45]刘传波.列车纵向冲动的机理研究及检测仪器的开发[D].武汉.武汉理工大学博士学位论文，2009.5.
[46] A M Gaouda,M M A Salama,M R Sultan,A Y.Chikhani.Power quality detection and classificationusing wavelet-multiresolution signal decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1999.
[47] A Serdar Yilmaz,Abdulhamit Subasi,Mehmet Bayrak.Application of Lifting based WaveletTransforms to characterize Power Quality Events[J].2007.
[48] National Instrument corporation.LabVIEW Application Builder User Guide[M]．2003．
[49]张小丽.利用小波变换进行高噪背景下的信号提取[D].陕西师范大学硕士学位论文，2007.4.
[50]徐宏坤.基于LabVIEW远程监测平台的研究[D].成都.成都理工大学硕士学位论文，2008.5.
[51]张亮.基于虚拟仪器的远程监测技术的研究[D].沈阳.东北大学硕士学位论文，2007.2.
[52] Zhang Fusheng.Cao Jin.Wei Lei.The power quality integrated measurement and analysis systemBased on virtual instrument technology[J].North China Electric Power Technology,2003
[53]汪观宝.基于LabVIEW的远程测控系统的研究[D].武汉.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2007.5.
[54]张捷.基于LabVIEW的阴极保护电源智能测控系统研究[D].大连.大连理工大学硕士学位论文，2007.12.
[55]李训文,曹国华,常健.基于Remote Panel的直流电机远程调速[J].微计算机信息，2008-24-2.
[2]汪永智.风力发电中电能质量监测系统研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2009:1-2.
[3]包耳.风力发电的发展状况与展望[J].大连民族学院学报，2011.1:24-27.
[4]吴晓朝.风电场电能质量分析与实时监测系统的研究[D].广州.华南理工大学硕士学位论文，2006.4.
[5]刘海涛,丛雨.风电场电能质量监测及风机功率特性曲线修正分析[J].内蒙古电力技术.2011.第29卷第1期:34-36.
[6]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2004:1-20.
[7]高玉洁.风电场接入电网后的电能质量问题分析[J].南方电网技术.2009，Vol.3，No.4:68-72.
[8] Poisson O,Rioual P,Meunier M.New signal processing tools applied to power qualityanalysis[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1999,14(2):561-566.
[9]张乐丰.风电并网对电力系统的影响[J].江苏电机工程，2011,Vo1.30，No.2:81-84.
[10] SUN Tao,WANG Weisheng,DAI Huizhu,et al.Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Caused by WindPower Generation[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(12):63-70.
[11] Castro R M G，Ferreira de Jesus J M，A wind park reduced-order model using singuarperturbbations theory[J].IEEE Transactions on energy Convection，1996,11（4）：735-741.
[12] Chai Chompoo-inwai, Lee Wei-Jen, Fuangfoo P, et al.System impact study for the interconnectionof wind generation and utility system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2005.
[13]赵海翔,陈默子,戴惠珠.风电并网引起闪变的测试系统仿真[J].太阳能学报，2005，26(1)：28-33．
[14] Piwko Richard, Miller Nicholas,Sanchez-Gasca Juan,et al.Integrating large wind farms into weakpowergrids with long transmission lines[C].2006.
[15]孙春顺,王耀南,李欣然.飞轮辅助的风力发电系统功率和频率综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报.2008.28(29)：l11-115．
[16] Jos A,Math H J Bollen．Power quality following deregulation[J]．Proceedings of the IEEE，2000，88(2)：246-261．
[17]孙涛,王伟胜,戴慧珠.风力发电引起的电压波动和闪变[J].电网技术,2003，27(12)：62-66.
[18] Larsson A.Flicker emission of wind turbines during continuous operation[J].IEEE Transactions onEnergy Conversion, 2002, 17(1):114-118.
[19]冯占稳.电气化铁路及风电对电网电能质量的影响分析[D].天津.天津大学硕士学位论文，2009:48-56.
[20]吴俊玲.大型风电场并网运行的若干技术问题研究[D].北京.清华大学硕士学位论文，2004.
[21]王纯琦.大型风力发电场接入电网电能质量问题研究[D].新疆.新疆大学硕士学位论文，2007:16-56.
[22] Bidl A．The wind farm aggregation impact on power quality[C].Proceedings of the 32nd AnnualConference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society．Paris，France：National Renewable EnergyLaboratory，2006：101—109.
[23] Thiringer T,Dahlberg J.Periodic pulsations from a three-bladed wind turbine[J].IEEE Transactionson Energy Conversion. 2001, 16(2):128-133.
[24] Hansen Anca D.etal.Wind farm modeling for powerquality[C].The 2T’annual conference of theIEEE industrial electronice socerty，IECON’01,2001,1959-1964.
[25] Slootweg J G，Kung W L.Modeling of large wind farms in Power system simulations[C].IEEEPower Engineering Society Summer Meeting，USA，Chicago，2002:503-508.
[26] Larsson Flicker emission of wind turbines caused by switching operation[J].IEEE Transactions onEnergy Conversion，2002，17(1):119-123.
[27] Pham V L,Wong K P.Antidistortion method forwavelet transform filter banks and nonstationarypower system waveform harmonic analysis[J].IEE Proceedings On Generation,Transmission andDistribution,2001,148（2）：177-182.
[28] Sumathi S,Surekha P.LabVIEW based Advanced Instrumentation Systems[M].Springer,2007.
[29]秦树人.尹爱军.现代虚拟仪器[M].北京:机械工业出版社，2011:2-8.
[30]马永强,周林,武剑.基于LabVIEW的新型电能质量实时监测系统[J].测试与仪表，2009，Vol.46，No.519:40-44.
[31]彭明智,刘永强,赵富强.风电电能质量监测系统的设计与应用[J].低压电器，2010，No.7:45-48.
[32]陈昭平.虚拟仪器技术在电能质量监测系统中的应用研究[D].成都.西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2006.4.
[33]张希.基于LabVIEW的电能质量检测系统[D].陕西.西安科技大学硕士学位论文，2009.4.
[34]刘志刚.钱清泉.小波在电力系统信号消噪中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报，2004,24(1):30-34.
[35]苏义鑫,周阳宁,陈敏.小波变换在电力系统谐波检测中的应用[J].中国水运，2009,19(2):101-102,106.
[36]张伏生,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法[J].中国电机工程学报，1999,19(3).
[37] Hiroyuki M, Kenji I. An artificial neural -net based method for predicting power system voltageharmonic. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems .1996.
[38]郑常宝.无功功率测量方法及其应用研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学硕士学位，2007.5.
[39]聂晶晶.电能质量监测系统及PQDIF数据存储格式的研究[D].南京.东南大学硕士学位论文，2006.3.
[40]刘芳.基于小波变换理论的电能质量分析仪的设计[D].山西大学硕士学位论文，2010.6.
[41]雷亚洲.与风电并网相关的研究课题[J].电力系统自动化，2003，Vo1.27，No.8：84-89.
[42]张天镜.基于WEB实现FPGA的远程多路数据采集系统[D].南京.南京理工大学硕士学位论文，2005.6.
[43]张鑫.基于LabVIEW的阵列式气体传感器动态数据采集系统[D].厦门.厦门大学硕士学位论文，2007.6.
[44]金涛.虚拟仪器系统的误差分析方法的研究[D].重庆.重庆大学博士学位论文，2005.3.
[45]刘传波.列车纵向冲动的机理研究及检测仪器的开发[D].武汉.武汉理工大学博士学位论文，2009.5.
[46] A M Gaouda,M M A Salama,M R Sultan,A Y.Chikhani.Power quality detection and classificationusing wavelet-multiresolution signal decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1999.
[47] A Serdar Yilmaz,Abdulhamit Subasi,Mehmet Bayrak.Application of Lifting based WaveletTransforms to characterize Power Quality Events[J].2007.
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