高频开关型阴极保护电源研究与设计
|
摘要
随着我国经济的不断发展,对能源需求越来越大,石油的运输、存储量越来越大,管道、油轮、油库的防腐问题越来越受到人们的重视。阴极保护被广泛用来减缓或阻止埋地管道和铁质材料的电化学腐蚀。传统的阴极保护电源主变压器工作在工频50Hz或60Hz,使得变压器体积庞大、笨重,为了克服传统阴极保护电源功率因数低、效率低、可靠性差等缺点,本文将大功率开关电源技术引入到外加电源的阴极保护领域,研制出高频开关阴极保护电源。
本文首先论述了大功率开关电源软开关技术,针对全桥移相零电压变换器(FB-ZVS-PWM变换器)存在的一些缺点,例如占空比丢失,以及损耗较大的情况,本设计主电路采用移相全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器(FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器),实现了功率管的软开关,超前臂实现零电压开关,滞后臂实现零电流开关,并对其基本工作原理进行了阐述,同时给出了一些实现滞后臂ZCS的策略。
其次,对高频开关型阴极保护电源进行了详细的硬件设计,包括高频变压器设计、控制电路中信号检测调理电路和IGBT驱动电路设计、外部ADC设计、以及。控制电路以Microchip公司的dsPIC30F2020为核心,脉宽调制信号由DSC产生,还介绍了ADC模块子程序、PI子程序、移相角生成子程序,实现了阴极保护电源设计的数字化。
实验结果表明,将全桥DC/DC技术应用于专用的高频开关型阴极保护电源电源本模块化电位仪将适用于各种地下金属结构外加电流的阴极保护,克服了传统阴极保护电源存在的缺点,本设计的电源控制系统控制精度高、抗干扰能力强、人机对话和操作方便,能满足要求。
With the continuous development of our economy, increasing demand for energy, oil, transport, storage capacity increases, pipeline, tanker, tank corrosion protection has received increasing attention. Cathodic protection is widely used to slow or prevent corrsion of the steel materials underground and buried pipeline. As a rectifier for cathodic protection, the conventional phase-controlled rectifier with 50-or 60-Hz isolation transforms have been used so far in spite of such shortcomings as large volume, heavy weight, and poor power factor. In order to overcome such disadvantages, this article applies high-power switching power supply technology to the field of cathodic protection, and develops a high frequency switching power supply cathodic protection.
Firstly, this thesis discusses the high-power switching power supply soft switch technology, for the full bridge phase-shifted zero-voltage converter (FB-ZVS-PWM converter) some disadvantages, such as the duty cycle loss, and loss of the larger situation. The main circuit uses Phase-Shifted Full Bridge Zero-Voltage Zero-Current Switching PWM Converter (FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter), to achieve soft switching of power control, ultra-forearm to achieve zero voltage switching, zero-current switching delay arm, and its basic working principle has been described at the same time. This paper also gives some strategies to achieve ZCS lagging arm.
Secondly, this thesis designs the hardware of the FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter in detail, including the design of the high-frequency transformer, inductances, capacitors, control circuit, drive circuit of IGBT and A/D. It also designs the software. In order to obtain accurate and real-time control, high performance digital signal controller dsPIC30F2020 is adopted for control core. And the voltage feedback PI algorithm is used to adjust the output voltage and current character of power source.
Finally, this thesis builds the experimental platform of energy storage system according to the design requirements.
Experimental results show:high power DC-DC converter is suit for cathodic protection. This paper also shows that the control system has many advantages such as high control precision, man-machine conversation and reliable performance.
本文首先论述了大功率开关电源软开关技术,针对全桥移相零电压变换器(FB-ZVS-PWM变换器)存在的一些缺点,例如占空比丢失,以及损耗较大的情况,本设计主电路采用移相全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器(FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器),实现了功率管的软开关,超前臂实现零电压开关,滞后臂实现零电流开关,并对其基本工作原理进行了阐述,同时给出了一些实现滞后臂ZCS的策略。
其次,对高频开关型阴极保护电源进行了详细的硬件设计,包括高频变压器设计、控制电路中信号检测调理电路和IGBT驱动电路设计、外部ADC设计、以及。控制电路以Microchip公司的dsPIC30F2020为核心,脉宽调制信号由DSC产生,还介绍了ADC模块子程序、PI子程序、移相角生成子程序,实现了阴极保护电源设计的数字化。
实验结果表明,将全桥DC/DC技术应用于专用的高频开关型阴极保护电源电源本模块化电位仪将适用于各种地下金属结构外加电流的阴极保护,克服了传统阴极保护电源存在的缺点,本设计的电源控制系统控制精度高、抗干扰能力强、人机对话和操作方便,能满足要求。
With the continuous development of our economy, increasing demand for energy, oil, transport, storage capacity increases, pipeline, tanker, tank corrosion protection has received increasing attention. Cathodic protection is widely used to slow or prevent corrsion of the steel materials underground and buried pipeline. As a rectifier for cathodic protection, the conventional phase-controlled rectifier with 50-or 60-Hz isolation transforms have been used so far in spite of such shortcomings as large volume, heavy weight, and poor power factor. In order to overcome such disadvantages, this article applies high-power switching power supply technology to the field of cathodic protection, and develops a high frequency switching power supply cathodic protection.
Firstly, this thesis discusses the high-power switching power supply soft switch technology, for the full bridge phase-shifted zero-voltage converter (FB-ZVS-PWM converter) some disadvantages, such as the duty cycle loss, and loss of the larger situation. The main circuit uses Phase-Shifted Full Bridge Zero-Voltage Zero-Current Switching PWM Converter (FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter), to achieve soft switching of power control, ultra-forearm to achieve zero voltage switching, zero-current switching delay arm, and its basic working principle has been described at the same time. This paper also gives some strategies to achieve ZCS lagging arm.
Secondly, this thesis designs the hardware of the FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter in detail, including the design of the high-frequency transformer, inductances, capacitors, control circuit, drive circuit of IGBT and A/D. It also designs the software. In order to obtain accurate and real-time control, high performance digital signal controller dsPIC30F2020 is adopted for control core. And the voltage feedback PI algorithm is used to adjust the output voltage and current character of power source.
Finally, this thesis builds the experimental platform of energy storage system according to the design requirements.
Experimental results show:high power DC-DC converter is suit for cathodic protection. This paper also shows that the control system has many advantages such as high control precision, man-machine conversation and reliable performance.
引文
[1]韩文礼,林竹.埋地管道防腐技术的现状与展望[J].宝鸡：焊管.2008.
[2]迟善武.阴极保护恒电位仪的技术现状与展望[J].廊坊：油气储运.2006.
[3]原国强,赵经涛.浅谈埋地燃气管道的腐蚀原因及解决途径[J].哈尔滨：应用能源技术.2006.
[4]赵力成。埋地金属管道的防腐措施[J].大庆：油气田地面工程.2007.
[5]火时中.电化学保护[M].北京：化学工业出版社.1988.
[6]贝克曼.W.V等.阴极保护手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2005.
[7]王健健,王燕.外加电流阴极保护高频开关恒电位仪的研制[J].洛阳：石油化工腐蚀与保护.2008.
[8]夏泽中,李军,李远正.25kW全桥移相变换系统设计[J].武汉：武汉理工大学学报.
[9]夏泽中,李远正.峰值电流模式斜坡补偿电路研究[J].西安：电力电子技术,2008,42(12)：71-73.
[10]XIA Ze Zhong(夏泽中),LI Wen. Switching Voltage Transient ProtectionSchemes for IGBT Modules. China-Japan Conference on Mechatoronics, Suzhou,2007,9.
[l1]袁佑新,卢立珠,袁亮,等.基于PC控制的防腐电源的设计[J].北京：微计算机信息,2001,17(8)：20-37.
[12]袁佑新,刘洋等.新型恒电位仪的设计与实现[J].武汉：武汉理工大学学报.2004.26.
[13]In-Dong Kim, Eui-cheol Nho."Module-Type Switching Rectifier for Cathdodic Protection of Underground anf Maritime Metallic Structures".IEEE transactions on industrily electronics, VOL.52, no.1, Feb 2005.
[14]刘敬彪,周巧娣.一种新型阴极保护恒电位仪的研制[J].大庆：油气田地面工程.1999.
[15]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.北京：机械工业出版社.1994.
[16]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京：机械工业出版社.2002.
[17]范海峰,赵川红,徐德鸿.双向DC/DC变换器的改进相移控制设计[J].西安：电力电子技术,2003,37(3)：12-14.
[18]张方华,朱成花,王慧贞等,双向DC-DC变换器电路拓扑的分析与评价[J].天津：电源技术学报.
[19]杨旭,王兆安,零电压过渡PWM软开关电路的损耗计算[J].西安：电力电子技术,1999年第1期.29-32.
[20]阮新波,严仰光,软开关PWM DC/DC全桥变换器的实现策略[J].北京：电工技术学报,第14卷第6期,1999年12月.27-30.
[2l]杨旭,赵志伟,王兆安,移相全桥型零电压软开关电路谐振过程的研究[J].西安：电力电子技术,1998年第3期.36-39.
[22]朱彦,丁道宏,一种零电压转换PWM直一直变换器的设计及优化[J].西安：电力电子技术,1996年第2期.
[23]陈刚,软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2001.
[24]王志强等译Alraham I.Pressman.switching power supply design (second edition) [M].电子 工业出版社.2009.
[25]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].电子工业出版社.2004.9.
[26]赵修科.开关电源中的磁性元器件[M].沈阳：辽宁科技出版社.2004.
[27]潘晴财.磁性元件之设计.台北：工业技术研究袁能源与资源研究所.1992.
[28]张占松.高频开关稳压电源[M].广州：广东科技出版社,1992：81-93.
[29]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学(第一版)[M].北京：科学出版社.1989.
[30]Svardsjo, Claes, "Double endedisolated DC-DC converter" U.S. patent, No.S,907,481.
[31]Gang Chen, Dehong Xu, etc. "A new family of soft-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC-DC converters", PESC 2001.
[32]解永辉,丁道宏.一种新型缓冲电路研究.中国电源学会第11届年会论文集,1995.
[33]梁海浪dspic数字信号控制器C程序开发及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.6.
[34]何礼高dspic30F电机与电源系列数字信号控制器原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.4.
[35]Hirachi, K; Kajiyama, A.; Mii, T.; Nakaoka, M.Cost-effectivebidirectionalchopper-based battery link UPS with common input-output bus line and its control scheme. Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, IEEE IECON 1996, Volume 3.
[36]Dan M. Sable, Fred C. Lee and Bo H. Cho. A zero-voltage switching bi-directional battery charger/discharger for the NASA EOS satellite. Procof APEC' 92. pp.991-997.
[37]Calvente, J.; Martinez-Salamero, L.:Garces, P.:Leyva, R.:Cape 1, A Dynamic optimization of bidirectional topologies for battery charge/discharge in satellites. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC.2001, Volume 4, pp.1994-1999.
[38]Wang, K.;Lin, C. Y.;Zhu, L.;Qu, D.;Lee, F. C.;Lai, J. S.. Bi-directional DC to DC converters for fuel cell systems. IEEE 1998.
[39]Kunrong Wang; Lee, F. C.; Lai, J. Operation principles of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme and soft-starting capability.
[40]Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2000. Volume 1.
[41]T.-F.Wu,, C.-C.Chen. Analysis, design and practical consideration of a 500 W power factor corrector with soft switching feature.IAS'00.2000.
[42]Biswajit Ray, "Single-cycle resonant bidirectional DC/DC power conversion," Pros.of APEC'93.
[43]DC/DC converter using the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor," Proc. OfAPEC 2000.
[44]Schoneman, G. K..500-W zero-voltage-switched full-bridge two-quadrant power modulator. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'93.:700-706.
[2]迟善武.阴极保护恒电位仪的技术现状与展望[J].廊坊：油气储运.2006.
[3]原国强,赵经涛.浅谈埋地燃气管道的腐蚀原因及解决途径[J].哈尔滨：应用能源技术.2006.
[4]赵力成。埋地金属管道的防腐措施[J].大庆：油气田地面工程.2007.
[5]火时中.电化学保护[M].北京：化学工业出版社.1988.
[6]贝克曼.W.V等.阴极保护手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2005.
[7]王健健,王燕.外加电流阴极保护高频开关恒电位仪的研制[J].洛阳：石油化工腐蚀与保护.2008.
[8]夏泽中,李军,李远正.25kW全桥移相变换系统设计[J].武汉：武汉理工大学学报.
[9]夏泽中,李远正.峰值电流模式斜坡补偿电路研究[J].西安：电力电子技术,2008,42(12)：71-73.
[10]XIA Ze Zhong(夏泽中),LI Wen. Switching Voltage Transient ProtectionSchemes for IGBT Modules. China-Japan Conference on Mechatoronics, Suzhou,2007,9.
[l1]袁佑新,卢立珠,袁亮,等.基于PC控制的防腐电源的设计[J].北京：微计算机信息,2001,17(8)：20-37.
[12]袁佑新,刘洋等.新型恒电位仪的设计与实现[J].武汉：武汉理工大学学报.2004.26.
[13]In-Dong Kim, Eui-cheol Nho."Module-Type Switching Rectifier for Cathdodic Protection of Underground anf Maritime Metallic Structures".IEEE transactions on industrily electronics, VOL.52, no.1, Feb 2005.
[14]刘敬彪,周巧娣.一种新型阴极保护恒电位仪的研制[J].大庆：油气田地面工程.1999.
[15]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.北京：机械工业出版社.1994.
[16]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京：机械工业出版社.2002.
[17]范海峰,赵川红,徐德鸿.双向DC/DC变换器的改进相移控制设计[J].西安：电力电子技术,2003,37(3)：12-14.
[18]张方华,朱成花,王慧贞等,双向DC-DC变换器电路拓扑的分析与评价[J].天津：电源技术学报.
[19]杨旭,王兆安,零电压过渡PWM软开关电路的损耗计算[J].西安：电力电子技术,1999年第1期.29-32.
[20]阮新波,严仰光,软开关PWM DC/DC全桥变换器的实现策略[J].北京：电工技术学报,第14卷第6期,1999年12月.27-30.
[2l]杨旭,赵志伟,王兆安,移相全桥型零电压软开关电路谐振过程的研究[J].西安：电力电子技术,1998年第3期.36-39.
[22]朱彦,丁道宏,一种零电压转换PWM直一直变换器的设计及优化[J].西安：电力电子技术,1996年第2期.
[23]陈刚,软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2001.
[24]王志强等译Alraham I.Pressman.switching power supply design (second edition) [M].电子 工业出版社.2009.
[25]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].电子工业出版社.2004.9.
[26]赵修科.开关电源中的磁性元器件[M].沈阳：辽宁科技出版社.2004.
[27]潘晴财.磁性元件之设计.台北：工业技术研究袁能源与资源研究所.1992.
[28]张占松.高频开关稳压电源[M].广州：广东科技出版社,1992：81-93.
[29]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学(第一版)[M].北京：科学出版社.1989.
[30]Svardsjo, Claes, "Double endedisolated DC-DC converter" U.S. patent, No.S,907,481.
[31]Gang Chen, Dehong Xu, etc. "A new family of soft-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC-DC converters", PESC 2001.
[32]解永辉,丁道宏.一种新型缓冲电路研究.中国电源学会第11届年会论文集,1995.
[33]梁海浪dspic数字信号控制器C程序开发及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.6.
[34]何礼高dspic30F电机与电源系列数字信号控制器原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.4.
[35]Hirachi, K; Kajiyama, A.; Mii, T.; Nakaoka, M.Cost-effectivebidirectionalchopper-based battery link UPS with common input-output bus line and its control scheme. Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, IEEE IECON 1996, Volume 3.
[36]Dan M. Sable, Fred C. Lee and Bo H. Cho. A zero-voltage switching bi-directional battery charger/discharger for the NASA EOS satellite. Procof APEC' 92. pp.991-997.
[37]Calvente, J.; Martinez-Salamero, L.:Garces, P.:Leyva, R.:Cape 1, A Dynamic optimization of bidirectional topologies for battery charge/discharge in satellites. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC.2001, Volume 4, pp.1994-1999.
[38]Wang, K.;Lin, C. Y.;Zhu, L.;Qu, D.;Lee, F. C.;Lai, J. S.. Bi-directional DC to DC converters for fuel cell systems. IEEE 1998.
[39]Kunrong Wang; Lee, F. C.; Lai, J. Operation principles of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme and soft-starting capability.
[40]Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2000. Volume 1.
[41]T.-F.Wu,, C.-C.Chen. Analysis, design and practical consideration of a 500 W power factor corrector with soft switching feature.IAS'00.2000.
[42]Biswajit Ray, "Single-cycle resonant bidirectional DC/DC power conversion," Pros.of APEC'93.
[43]DC/DC converter using the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor," Proc. OfAPEC 2000.
[44]Schoneman, G. K..500-W zero-voltage-switched full-bridge two-quadrant power modulator. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'93.:700-706.