电热水器搪瓷内胆电子防腐技术研究
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摘要
电热水器搪瓷内胆防腐一直是电热水器技术研究的重点。目前,使用镁牺牲阳极进行阴极保护是最为常用的一种搪瓷内胆的防腐方式。但是这种防腐方式存在着不少问题,例如:阳极使用寿命短,需要定期更换;溶解物影响沐浴卫生,甚至危害人体健康等。针对以上的问题,本文提出采用电子防腐技术取代牺牲阳极阴极保护对搪瓷内胆进行防腐保护的方案。在此基础上,研究一种具有良好性能电热水器搪瓷内胆电子防腐装置。本文的主要工作如下:
第一,以目前常用的辅助阳极材料研究为基础,根据搪瓷内胆实际的情况,利用辅助阳极的设计公式,对各种辅助阳极材料进行分析筛选。
第二,将模糊控制技术与传统电源控制技术相结合,完成了电子防腐装置的阴极保护电源控制系统的研究和设计。同时,借助MATLAB软件中的模糊逻辑工具箱以及同样由MATLAB软件提供的Simulink软件包,对电子防腐装置的电源输出控制系统进行了仿真模拟。验证该控制系统的可行性和优越性。
第三,提出以开关电源技术为基础的电子防腐装置阴极保护电源电路,详细论述了电路中变换器和高频变压器的选型、设计的问题与原则。提出及论述了以单片机为核心控制电路方案。同时还提出并研究了电子防腐装置的后备电源方案。
本文为解决电热水器搪瓷内胆的防腐保护问题提供了一个切实可行的方案,并对阴极保护电源的控制进行了研究。得出了以下的结论:高硅铸铁是最适合在搪瓷内胆中使用的材料;在电源输出控制系统中加入模糊控制技术确实可以有效的提高控制系统的性能,特别是可以有效减少控制系统的超调量;完成了搪瓷内胆电子防腐装置阴极保护电源的研究,电源能够有效的实现控制系统的控制功能,提供搪瓷内胆所需要的保护电流,同时还能在供电突然中断的情况下维持一段较长时间的电流供应。
Anti-corrosion of enameled tank is important for the research of electrical water heater. Cathode protection of magnesium sacrificial anode is the useful method for anti-corrosion of enameled tank. But this method has some problem, for example, the magnesium anode has to be replaced frequently because of its short life; the dissolve things of it will affect the hygiene of bath and be harmful to human. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, the method of electronic anti-corrosion but not the sacrificial anode is applied, and a device of electronic anti-corrosion which will be used inside the enameled tank of electrical water heater is studied. The main study content of this paper involves:
First, the material of the auxiliary anode has been analyzed and selected on the basis of the research of the material of auxiliary anode and according to the situation of enameled tank.
Second, fuzzy control has been combined with the general control technology of power supply. And the control system of cathode protection power of the equipment of electrical anti-corrosion has been completed. The tool of MATLAB software has been used to verify the feasibility and advantages of the control system of the power supply.
Third, the circuit of cathode protection power supply using the form of switching power has been proposed; Selection and principle of design of converter and high-frequency transformer has been described and studied in detail. Control circuit which core is MCU has been proposed and research. The program of backup power supply has been proposed and studied.
In this paper, a feasible solution has been proposed for the problem of anti-corrosion of enameled tank. And the main conclusion of this paper involves: first, high silicon cast iron is the most suitable anode material which will be used in the enameled tank; second, the function of the control system has been improved obviously when using the technology of fuzzy control, in particular the overshoot of the control system can be reduced effectively; third, the design of cathode protection power has been completed, this power can supply the protection current which the enameled tank need, and then when the power supply of the family network was interrupted suddenly, the system can continue to supply the protection current for some time.
第一,以目前常用的辅助阳极材料研究为基础,根据搪瓷内胆实际的情况,利用辅助阳极的设计公式,对各种辅助阳极材料进行分析筛选。
第二,将模糊控制技术与传统电源控制技术相结合,完成了电子防腐装置的阴极保护电源控制系统的研究和设计。同时,借助MATLAB软件中的模糊逻辑工具箱以及同样由MATLAB软件提供的Simulink软件包,对电子防腐装置的电源输出控制系统进行了仿真模拟。验证该控制系统的可行性和优越性。
第三,提出以开关电源技术为基础的电子防腐装置阴极保护电源电路,详细论述了电路中变换器和高频变压器的选型、设计的问题与原则。提出及论述了以单片机为核心控制电路方案。同时还提出并研究了电子防腐装置的后备电源方案。
本文为解决电热水器搪瓷内胆的防腐保护问题提供了一个切实可行的方案,并对阴极保护电源的控制进行了研究。得出了以下的结论:高硅铸铁是最适合在搪瓷内胆中使用的材料;在电源输出控制系统中加入模糊控制技术确实可以有效的提高控制系统的性能,特别是可以有效减少控制系统的超调量;完成了搪瓷内胆电子防腐装置阴极保护电源的研究,电源能够有效的实现控制系统的控制功能,提供搪瓷内胆所需要的保护电流,同时还能在供电突然中断的情况下维持一段较长时间的电流供应。
Anti-corrosion of enameled tank is important for the research of electrical water heater. Cathode protection of magnesium sacrificial anode is the useful method for anti-corrosion of enameled tank. But this method has some problem, for example, the magnesium anode has to be replaced frequently because of its short life; the dissolve things of it will affect the hygiene of bath and be harmful to human. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, the method of electronic anti-corrosion but not the sacrificial anode is applied, and a device of electronic anti-corrosion which will be used inside the enameled tank of electrical water heater is studied. The main study content of this paper involves:
First, the material of the auxiliary anode has been analyzed and selected on the basis of the research of the material of auxiliary anode and according to the situation of enameled tank.
Second, fuzzy control has been combined with the general control technology of power supply. And the control system of cathode protection power of the equipment of electrical anti-corrosion has been completed. The tool of MATLAB software has been used to verify the feasibility and advantages of the control system of the power supply.
Third, the circuit of cathode protection power supply using the form of switching power has been proposed; Selection and principle of design of converter and high-frequency transformer has been described and studied in detail. Control circuit which core is MCU has been proposed and research. The program of backup power supply has been proposed and studied.
In this paper, a feasible solution has been proposed for the problem of anti-corrosion of enameled tank. And the main conclusion of this paper involves: first, high silicon cast iron is the most suitable anode material which will be used in the enameled tank; second, the function of the control system has been improved obviously when using the technology of fuzzy control, in particular the overshoot of the control system can be reduced effectively; third, the design of cathode protection power has been completed, this power can supply the protection current which the enameled tank need, and then when the power supply of the family network was interrupted suddenly, the system can continue to supply the protection current for some time.
引文
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[3]房中学,符永高.电热水器内胆腐蚀机理及实施阴极保护综述[J].家电科技,2002, (2):41-43
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[9]张翼鸣.搪瓷内胆是这样炼成的[J].现代家电,2004,(14):54-55
[10]窦安民.静电干粉搪瓷[J].中华手工,2002,(2):21-24
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[13]布勤.镁阳极对电热水器内胆的阴极保护[J].家电科技,2003,(7):53-56
[14]布勤.镁阳极对电热水器内胆的阴极保护(续)[J].家电科技,2003,(8):56-58
[15]李培技,房中学.镁阳极棒在电热水器上的应用[J].电机电器技术,1999,(1): 35-36
[16] (德)WV贝克曼.阴极保护手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1990.199-200
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[18]胡时信.阴极保护工程手册[M].北京:化工工业出版社,1999
[19]张文毓.牺牲阳极材料研究与应用[J].云南冶金,2008,37(6):45-48
[20]宋曰海,郭忠诚,樊爱民,等.牺牲阳极材料的研究现状[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2004,16(1):24-27
[21]齐公台,郭稚弧,林汉同,等.腐蚀保护常用的几种牺牲阳极材料[J].材料开发与应用,2001,(1):36-40
[22]余罡,刘春松.一种新型热水器用铝合金牺牲阳极[J].全面腐蚀控制,2009, (6):48-49
[23]郭炜,文九巴,马景灵,等.铝合金牺牲阳极材料的研究现状[J].腐蚀与防护, 2008,29(8):495-498
[24]孔小东,朱梅五,丁振斌,等.铝合金牺牲阳极研究进展[J].稀有金属,2003,(3): 376-381
[25]马丽杰,郭忠诚,宋曰海,等.镁合金牺牲阳极及其在防腐蚀工程中的应用[J]. 2003,6(3):38-42
[26]郭为民,樊洪,李文军,等.锌合金牺牲阳极保护失效原因分析[J].材料开发与利用, 2004,19( 4):24-27
[27]颜民.从腐蚀的角度探讨电热水器技术发展趋势[J].现代家电,2003,(5):31-33
[28]田玉林.电子防腐解决电热水器顽疾之我见[J].现代家电,2004,(19):52-53
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