埋地钢质管道防腐数字高频恒电位仪的设计与研究
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摘要
埋地钢质管道通常采用外加电流阴极保护来防止电化学反应的发生,以达到防止管道腐蚀的目的。恒电位仪是外加电流阴极保护系统的关键设备,其功能、性能和稳定可靠性很大程度决定了阴极保护的效果、恒电位的智能性和测量的准确度。本文运用电力电子等先进技术研究设计了数字高频恒电位仪,主控制器使用数字信号处理器TMS320F28015,主功率拓扑采用全桥DC/DC整流器,控制策略运用移相PWM方法。
本文结合阴极保护电源恒电位仪的发展方向和先进阴极保护有效性评价的方法、标准,设计了恒电位仪的实现框图及各功能模块的实现的方法思路。首先论述了恒电位仪的软开关技术,包括实现ZVS开关的电路拓扑、控制策略、实现条件等,并针对实际运用中滞后桥臂难于实现ZVS的客观事实,通过添加辅助网络以实现滞后桥臂实现ZCS的目标。
其次对高功率因素AC/DC整流器进行了研究,通过建立电压、电流双闭环的PFC控制器和主电路的数学模型和分析,给出了电压环PI参数的计算方法。用MATLAB工具搭建了仿真模型,通过电压外环采用PI控制、电流内环采用滞环控制方法,实现了功率校正,且功率因素达99%以上。
然后设计实现了数字高频恒电位仪的硬件系统,包括DSP控制器、功率电路、防雷电路等,并完成的软件代码的编写。
最后在实验室进行了模拟试验,能准确的采样参比电位、输出电流等信息,并能根据采样的参比电位值和设定值的差值来调节输出,实现恒电位的功能。并能实现自动通断功能等相关功能。
Usually the buried pipelines use the method of impressed current cathodic protection to prevent the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing pipe corrosion. Potentiostat is the key equipment of impressed current cathodic protection system, its function, performance, reliability and stability importantly determine the effect of cathodic protection, constant potential of intelligence and measurement accuracy. In this paper, use the power electronics and other advanced technology to design high-frequency digital potentiostat: the host controller using digital signal processor TMS320F28015, and the main power with full-bridge topology DC / DC converter, phase-shifted PWM control strategy for the use of methods.
This paper designed the block diagram and the ideas of functional modules based on the cathodic protection power potentiostat direction and reference to theadvanced evaluation of the effectiveness of cathodic protection methods, standard. Firstly discussed the method of soft-switching technology, including the realization of ZVS switching circuit topology, control strategy, to achieve conditions, and adding support network to achieve the lagging leg achieve ZCS goals for the objective facts of practical using the lagging leg is difficult to achieve ZVS.
Secondly, the high power factor AC / DC converter has been studied. Introduce the method of calculating voltage loop PI parameter through the establishment and analysis of voltage and current double closed loop of the PFC controller and the main circuit of the mathematical model. The simulation achieved the power factor correction and power factor up to 99%, using MATLAB tools to built the simulation model, and the outer voltage loop use PI control method with inner current loop using hysteresis loop control method
And then design and implement the hardware of digital and high frequency potentiostat systems, including DSP controller, power circuit, lightning circuits, and complete the preparation of software code.
Finally, a simulated test in laboratory proved that it can accuratly sample the reference potential, the output current and other information, and according to the difference of the sampling of the reference value and set the value of potential to adjust the output, to realize the function constant potential. And also can realize automatic on/off function and other related functions.
本文结合阴极保护电源恒电位仪的发展方向和先进阴极保护有效性评价的方法、标准,设计了恒电位仪的实现框图及各功能模块的实现的方法思路。首先论述了恒电位仪的软开关技术,包括实现ZVS开关的电路拓扑、控制策略、实现条件等,并针对实际运用中滞后桥臂难于实现ZVS的客观事实,通过添加辅助网络以实现滞后桥臂实现ZCS的目标。
其次对高功率因素AC/DC整流器进行了研究,通过建立电压、电流双闭环的PFC控制器和主电路的数学模型和分析,给出了电压环PI参数的计算方法。用MATLAB工具搭建了仿真模型,通过电压外环采用PI控制、电流内环采用滞环控制方法,实现了功率校正,且功率因素达99%以上。
然后设计实现了数字高频恒电位仪的硬件系统,包括DSP控制器、功率电路、防雷电路等,并完成的软件代码的编写。
最后在实验室进行了模拟试验,能准确的采样参比电位、输出电流等信息,并能根据采样的参比电位值和设定值的差值来调节输出,实现恒电位的功能。并能实现自动通断功能等相关功能。
Usually the buried pipelines use the method of impressed current cathodic protection to prevent the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing pipe corrosion. Potentiostat is the key equipment of impressed current cathodic protection system, its function, performance, reliability and stability importantly determine the effect of cathodic protection, constant potential of intelligence and measurement accuracy. In this paper, use the power electronics and other advanced technology to design high-frequency digital potentiostat: the host controller using digital signal processor TMS320F28015, and the main power with full-bridge topology DC / DC converter, phase-shifted PWM control strategy for the use of methods.
This paper designed the block diagram and the ideas of functional modules based on the cathodic protection power potentiostat direction and reference to theadvanced evaluation of the effectiveness of cathodic protection methods, standard. Firstly discussed the method of soft-switching technology, including the realization of ZVS switching circuit topology, control strategy, to achieve conditions, and adding support network to achieve the lagging leg achieve ZCS goals for the objective facts of practical using the lagging leg is difficult to achieve ZVS.
Secondly, the high power factor AC / DC converter has been studied. Introduce the method of calculating voltage loop PI parameter through the establishment and analysis of voltage and current double closed loop of the PFC controller and the main circuit of the mathematical model. The simulation achieved the power factor correction and power factor up to 99%, using MATLAB tools to built the simulation model, and the outer voltage loop use PI control method with inner current loop using hysteresis loop control method
And then design and implement the hardware of digital and high frequency potentiostat systems, including DSP controller, power circuit, lightning circuits, and complete the preparation of software code.
Finally, a simulated test in laboratory proved that it can accuratly sample the reference potential, the output current and other information, and according to the difference of the sampling of the reference value and set the value of potential to adjust the output, to realize the function constant potential. And also can realize automatic on/off function and other related functions.
引文
[1]迟善武.阴极保护恒电位仪的技术现状与展望[J].油气储运,2006,25(8):21-23
[2]秦国治,丁良棉,田志明.管道防腐蚀技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[3]郭勇,丁继峰.阴极保护在长输管道的应用[J].全面腐蚀控制,2009,23(9):21-23
[4]王健健,王燕.外加电流阴极保护高频开关恒电位仪的研制[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2008,25(3):41-43
[5]姚凯,阮新波.Boost-Flyback单级PFC变换器.南京航空航天大学学报[J].2009.41(4): 505-509.
[6]张继红,于志,吕志伟.单级并联型高效率AC/DC变换器[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(6):952-955
[7] Michael J. Schutten, David A. Torrey. Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.2003.18(2):659-669.
[8]颜东洲,黄海,李春燕.国内外阴极保护技术的发展和进展[J].全面腐蚀控制,2010,24(3):952-955 VOL.24 No.3 MAR. 2010
[9] H. S. Athab and D.D.C. Lu. A High-Ef?ciency AC/DC Converter With Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2010. 25(5):1103-1109
[10] DO.H.L. Single-stage single-switch power factor correction AC/DC converter[J]. Electric Power Applications, 2005.152(6):397-400.
[11] Ming Xu, Jinghai Zhou, Lee,F.C. A current-tripler DC/DC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004,19(3):693-700.
[12] Luca Corradini, Amir Babazadeh. Current-Limited Time-Optimal Response in Digitally Controlled DC–DC Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010,25(11):2869-2880.
[13] Kyoung-Wook Seok and Bong-Hwan Kwon. An Improved Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using a Simple Resonant Circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(6):1205-1209.
[14] Xiaodong Li, Ashoka K. S. Bhat.Analysis and Design of High-Frequency IsolatedDual-Bridge Series Resonant DC/DC Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(4):850-862.
[15] Chien-Ming Wang, Chang-Hua Lin. High-Power-Factor Soft-Switched DC Power Supply System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011,26(2):647-654.
[16] Jung-Goo Cho,Sabate,J.A.,Guichao Hua and Lee,F.C.. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High-Power Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1996,11(4):622-628.
[17] C. M. Wang. A new single-phase ZCS-PWM boost rectifier with high power factor and low conduction losses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,53(2):500-510.
[18]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998:430-458
[19]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC_DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:22-73
[20]刘胜利,严仰光.软开关移相控制全桥变换器一周期十二个工作过程的详细分析。全国电源技术年会论文集(第十三届),深圳,1999.118-127.
[21] 50V/5OA移相全桥ZVS DC/DC变换器的设计.哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.3
[22]电力电子技术的MATLAB仿真[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:168-200
[23]功率因数校正原理与控制IC及其应用设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:1-44
[24]昌建军,李春燕,陈新.Boost型功率因数校正变换器的数字控制研究[J].通信电源技术,2005,25(3):1-4
[25]刘霞.单相有源功率因数校正电路研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.4
[26]辛伊波,陈守雄.滞环电流变换器及其在PFC中的应用[J].微电子技术,2002,30(5):46-48.
[27]牛利勇.纯电动公交充电系统关键技术研究.北京交通大学博士学位论文,2008,12
[28] Y. Jang, D. L. Dillman and M. M. Jovanovic. A new soft-switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ?yback converter for stand-by power[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,21(1):62-72.
[29] Y. Jang, M. M. Jovanovic and D. L. Dillman. Soft-Switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ZVS two-switch forward converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,21(6):1600-1606.
[30] F. Z. Peng, H. Li, G.-J. Su and J. S. Lawler. A new ZVS bidirectional dcdc converter for fuel cell and battery application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):54-65.
[31] Hang-Seok Choi, Lee,J.H., Cho, B.H.and Kim, J.W..Analysis and design considerations of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge PWM converters[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002,4(1) : 1835-1840
[32] TingTing Song, Nianci Huang and Ioinovici,A..A family of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) three-level DC-DC converters with secondary-assisted regenerative passive snubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2005,52(11):2473-2481
[33] U.Badstuebner, J.Biela and J.W.Kolar. Design of an 99%-Efficient, 5 kW, Phase-Shift PWM DC-DC Converter for Telecom Applications. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2010, Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE:773-780.
[34] C. Zhao, S.D. Round and J.W. Kolar. Full-order averaging modelling of zero-voltage-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC–DC converters[J]. IET Power Electron,2010,3(3):400-410
[35]阮新波,严仰光.零电压零电流开关PWM DC/DC全桥变换器的分析[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2):73-77.
[36] Bor-Ren Lin, Hsin-Hung Lu. Single-phase power factor correction AC/DC converters with three PWM control schemes[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems .2000.36(1):189-200
[37]高天云.雷电侵害DCS的途径及防范措施[J].中国电力,2005,38(5):73-75
[38]李荣添.建筑物内电子电气设备的防雷设计[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(7):159-161
[39]何艳娇,李景禄,胡登宇等.变电站微机电源防雷保护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2006,5(213):25-28
[40]庞永强,梁冠安.低压大电流DC/ DC变换器拓扑分析[J].电力电子技术,2002,36(4):47-50
[41]孙铁成,王高林,汤平华和张学广.基于数字信号处理器控制的新型全桥移相式零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):46-50
[42]胡平,谢顺依,杨迎化和刘小虎.新型ZVS全桥DC/DC变换器[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(2):103-105
[43]彭力,康勇,宋义超和陈坚.新型大功率升-降压型DC/DC变换器控制研究[J].电力电子技术,1999,5(1):26-28
[2]秦国治,丁良棉,田志明.管道防腐蚀技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[3]郭勇,丁继峰.阴极保护在长输管道的应用[J].全面腐蚀控制,2009,23(9):21-23
[4]王健健,王燕.外加电流阴极保护高频开关恒电位仪的研制[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2008,25(3):41-43
[5]姚凯,阮新波.Boost-Flyback单级PFC变换器.南京航空航天大学学报[J].2009.41(4): 505-509.
[6]张继红,于志,吕志伟.单级并联型高效率AC/DC变换器[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(6):952-955
[7] Michael J. Schutten, David A. Torrey. Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.2003.18(2):659-669.
[8]颜东洲,黄海,李春燕.国内外阴极保护技术的发展和进展[J].全面腐蚀控制,2010,24(3):952-955 VOL.24 No.3 MAR. 2010
[9] H. S. Athab and D.D.C. Lu. A High-Ef?ciency AC/DC Converter With Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2010. 25(5):1103-1109
[10] DO.H.L. Single-stage single-switch power factor correction AC/DC converter[J]. Electric Power Applications, 2005.152(6):397-400.
[11] Ming Xu, Jinghai Zhou, Lee,F.C. A current-tripler DC/DC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004,19(3):693-700.
[12] Luca Corradini, Amir Babazadeh. Current-Limited Time-Optimal Response in Digitally Controlled DC–DC Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010,25(11):2869-2880.
[13] Kyoung-Wook Seok and Bong-Hwan Kwon. An Improved Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using a Simple Resonant Circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(6):1205-1209.
[14] Xiaodong Li, Ashoka K. S. Bhat.Analysis and Design of High-Frequency IsolatedDual-Bridge Series Resonant DC/DC Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(4):850-862.
[15] Chien-Ming Wang, Chang-Hua Lin. High-Power-Factor Soft-Switched DC Power Supply System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011,26(2):647-654.
[16] Jung-Goo Cho,Sabate,J.A.,Guichao Hua and Lee,F.C.. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High-Power Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1996,11(4):622-628.
[17] C. M. Wang. A new single-phase ZCS-PWM boost rectifier with high power factor and low conduction losses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,53(2):500-510.
[18]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998:430-458
[19]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC_DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:22-73
[20]刘胜利,严仰光.软开关移相控制全桥变换器一周期十二个工作过程的详细分析。全国电源技术年会论文集(第十三届),深圳,1999.118-127.
[21] 50V/5OA移相全桥ZVS DC/DC变换器的设计.哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.3
[22]电力电子技术的MATLAB仿真[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:168-200
[23]功率因数校正原理与控制IC及其应用设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:1-44
[24]昌建军,李春燕,陈新.Boost型功率因数校正变换器的数字控制研究[J].通信电源技术,2005,25(3):1-4
[25]刘霞.单相有源功率因数校正电路研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.4
[26]辛伊波,陈守雄.滞环电流变换器及其在PFC中的应用[J].微电子技术,2002,30(5):46-48.
[27]牛利勇.纯电动公交充电系统关键技术研究.北京交通大学博士学位论文,2008,12
[28] Y. Jang, D. L. Dillman and M. M. Jovanovic. A new soft-switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ?yback converter for stand-by power[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,21(1):62-72.
[29] Y. Jang, M. M. Jovanovic and D. L. Dillman. Soft-Switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ZVS two-switch forward converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006,21(6):1600-1606.
[30] F. Z. Peng, H. Li, G.-J. Su and J. S. Lawler. A new ZVS bidirectional dcdc converter for fuel cell and battery application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(1):54-65.
[31] Hang-Seok Choi, Lee,J.H., Cho, B.H.and Kim, J.W..Analysis and design considerations of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge PWM converters[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002,4(1) : 1835-1840
[32] TingTing Song, Nianci Huang and Ioinovici,A..A family of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) three-level DC-DC converters with secondary-assisted regenerative passive snubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2005,52(11):2473-2481
[33] U.Badstuebner, J.Biela and J.W.Kolar. Design of an 99%-Efficient, 5 kW, Phase-Shift PWM DC-DC Converter for Telecom Applications. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2010, Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE:773-780.
[34] C. Zhao, S.D. Round and J.W. Kolar. Full-order averaging modelling of zero-voltage-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC–DC converters[J]. IET Power Electron,2010,3(3):400-410
[35]阮新波,严仰光.零电压零电流开关PWM DC/DC全桥变换器的分析[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2):73-77.
[36] Bor-Ren Lin, Hsin-Hung Lu. Single-phase power factor correction AC/DC converters with three PWM control schemes[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems .2000.36(1):189-200
[37]高天云.雷电侵害DCS的途径及防范措施[J].中国电力,2005,38(5):73-75
[38]李荣添.建筑物内电子电气设备的防雷设计[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(7):159-161
[39]何艳娇,李景禄,胡登宇等.变电站微机电源防雷保护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2006,5(213):25-28
[40]庞永强,梁冠安.低压大电流DC/ DC变换器拓扑分析[J].电力电子技术,2002,36(4):47-50
[41]孙铁成,王高林,汤平华和张学广.基于数字信号处理器控制的新型全桥移相式零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):46-50
[42]胡平,谢顺依,杨迎化和刘小虎.新型ZVS全桥DC/DC变换器[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(2):103-105
[43]彭力,康勇,宋义超和陈坚.新型大功率升-降压型DC/DC变换器控制研究[J].电力电子技术,1999,5(1):26-28