电力系统接地网阴极保护系统的研究
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摘要
接地网是电力系统中的一个必要环节。而接地网埋在地下,土壤环境对其的腐蚀作用不可避免。腐蚀严重时,接地网中的接地体和接地线会变细甚至断裂,使接地电阻升高,电气设备“失地”。这种情况下,很容易发生事故危害电网运行和人身安全。因此,接地网防腐保护是保证电力系统正常工作和安全运行的一项重要措施。
阴极保护是埋地金属防腐的一种有效方法,包括牺牲阳极法和强制电流法。牺牲阳极法已广泛应用于电力系统接地网的防腐工程中,而强制电流法在接地网防腐中的应用还处于起步阶段。
基于这种状况,本文提出了一种以强制电流法为主要防腐手段的接地网阴极保护系统方案。其核心工作包括设计一种适用于电力系统接地网的阴极保护电源——SF-200-2型恒电位仪,以及由该恒电位仪为远端设备构成的接地网阴极保护监控系统。
SF-200-2型恒电位仪由主电路和控制电路组成。主电路采用单相桥式相控整流、LC滤波。控制电路是以AT89C51为主控芯片的嵌入式系统。整个阴极保护系统采用CAN总线技术实现底层网络,而上层数据通信由电力系统数据网完成。
调试实验结果表明:所设计的恒电位仪有很高的控制精度和抗干扰能力,并且操作方便,而整个接地网阴极保护系统的设计则更是有利于提高电力系统防腐工程的防腐水平和自动化程度。
Grounding grids, a fundamental part in power system, is very vulnerable to the corrosion damage caused by soil. When corrosion is severe, grounding device including grounding wire and grounding conductor may quickly get thinner or even broken, which could force the grounding resistance to increase and make those grounded equipments become inadequate grounded. In this situation, incidents might easily occur, endangering the power system and personnel. Therefore, anticorrosion of grounding grids is of great significance.
Cathodic protection is an effectual way of protecting buried metal structure from corrosion. It consists of two methods: sacrificial anode and impressed current. The former has already been widely used in grounding grids anticorrosion project in power system, while the latter’s application in grounding grids is still underway.
A scheme of grounding-grid cathodic protection system using the method of impressed current is discussed in this dissertation. Two aspects of the design are a cathodic protection power source ( SF-200-2 potentiostat ) and a network for centralized supervisal and control in which potentiostats are RTUs.
SF-200-2 potentiostat is composed of the host circuit and the control circuit. The host circuit adopts a single-phase semicontrol rectifier and an LC filter, while the control circuit is an embedded system using an AT89C51 singlechip as the main controller. The cathodic protection system contains bottom networks based on CAN bus and upper networks making use of SPDnet.
Conclusions reached from testing experiments are that SF-200-2 potentiostat performs well because of its high precision, stability and convenience, while the cathodic protection system could promote the automation degree of the grounding-grid anticorrosion project.
阴极保护是埋地金属防腐的一种有效方法,包括牺牲阳极法和强制电流法。牺牲阳极法已广泛应用于电力系统接地网的防腐工程中,而强制电流法在接地网防腐中的应用还处于起步阶段。
基于这种状况,本文提出了一种以强制电流法为主要防腐手段的接地网阴极保护系统方案。其核心工作包括设计一种适用于电力系统接地网的阴极保护电源——SF-200-2型恒电位仪,以及由该恒电位仪为远端设备构成的接地网阴极保护监控系统。
SF-200-2型恒电位仪由主电路和控制电路组成。主电路采用单相桥式相控整流、LC滤波。控制电路是以AT89C51为主控芯片的嵌入式系统。整个阴极保护系统采用CAN总线技术实现底层网络,而上层数据通信由电力系统数据网完成。
调试实验结果表明:所设计的恒电位仪有很高的控制精度和抗干扰能力,并且操作方便,而整个接地网阴极保护系统的设计则更是有利于提高电力系统防腐工程的防腐水平和自动化程度。
Grounding grids, a fundamental part in power system, is very vulnerable to the corrosion damage caused by soil. When corrosion is severe, grounding device including grounding wire and grounding conductor may quickly get thinner or even broken, which could force the grounding resistance to increase and make those grounded equipments become inadequate grounded. In this situation, incidents might easily occur, endangering the power system and personnel. Therefore, anticorrosion of grounding grids is of great significance.
Cathodic protection is an effectual way of protecting buried metal structure from corrosion. It consists of two methods: sacrificial anode and impressed current. The former has already been widely used in grounding grids anticorrosion project in power system, while the latter’s application in grounding grids is still underway.
A scheme of grounding-grid cathodic protection system using the method of impressed current is discussed in this dissertation. Two aspects of the design are a cathodic protection power source ( SF-200-2 potentiostat ) and a network for centralized supervisal and control in which potentiostats are RTUs.
SF-200-2 potentiostat is composed of the host circuit and the control circuit. The host circuit adopts a single-phase semicontrol rectifier and an LC filter, while the control circuit is an embedded system using an AT89C51 singlechip as the main controller. The cathodic protection system contains bottom networks based on CAN bus and upper networks making use of SPDnet.
Conclusions reached from testing experiments are that SF-200-2 potentiostat performs well because of its high precision, stability and convenience, while the cathodic protection system could promote the automation degree of the grounding-grid anticorrosion project.
引文
[1]杨道武,朱志平,周琼花,等.电化学与电力设备的腐蚀与防护.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[2]黎亮明.电力系统防雷和接地的研究.广州:华南理工大学电力学院,2005
[3]滕永禧.接地网腐蚀诊断方法研究.重庆:重庆大学电气学院,2004
[4] L. Huang, X. Chen. Study of unequally spaced grounding grids. IEEE Transaction on power delivery, 1995, 10(2): 716~722
[5] Anton Habjanic, Mladen Ttlep. The simulation of the soil ionization phenomenon around the grounding system by the finite eliment method. IEEE Transactions on magnetics, 2006, 4(42): 867~870
[6]陈家斌.接地技术与接地装置.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[7]胡学文,许崇武.接地网外加电流阴极保护示范工程.中国电子学报,2001,1:21~24
[8] Marcus O. Durham, Robert A. Durham. Consequences and standards from using CP systems to prevent corrosion. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2005, 1: 41~47
[9] Beavers, J.A. and N.G. Thompson. Corrosion beneath disbanded pipeline coatings. Materials performance, 1997, 36(4): 13~19
[10] Perdomo, J.J. and I. Song. Chemical and electrochemical conditions on steel under disbonded coatings: the effect of applied potential, solution resistivity, crevice thickness and holiday size. Corrosion Science, 2000. 42(8): 1389~1415
[11]胡治平,池华建.阴极保护防腐蚀技术在变电所及发电厂的应用.江苏电机工程,2006,25(2):82~84
[12]韩曙光.金属管线阴极防腐装置的研制与开发:硕士论文.合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆,2003
[13] Ashworth V., Booker C. JL. Cathodic protection—theory and practice. London: Ellis Horwood Limited, 1986
[14] Perdomo Jorge J., Song Inho. Cathodically protecting underground asphalt enamel coated pipes. Corrosion reviews, 2000, 18(2): 221~254
[15]王芷芳,朱安纲.消除实施阴极保护的一些模糊观点.石油化工腐蚀与防护,2002,19(6):29~32
[16]魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,1984
[17]迟善武.阴极保护电源的技术现状与发展趋势.仪器仪表用户,2006,4(13):6~7
[18] S. M. Bashi, N. F. Mailah, M. A. Mohd Radzi. Cathodic protection system. in: Bangi. National power and energy conference 2003 proceedings. Malaysia: 2003, 366~370
[19]刘强远,牛俊邦,方建平.新型逆变式恒电位仪.石油工程建设,1999,6(3):45~49
[20]唐明华.油气管道阴极保护.北京:石油工业出版社,1986
[21]牛俊邦,刘强远.新型IGBT逆变式恒电位仪的设计与实现.电力电子技术,1999,1(2):37~38
[22]谢健,熊靖.PS-1恒电位仪使用及故障分析.中国电子学报,2000,3(4):38~39
[23]陈希孟.一种新的电气过电压保护技术.水利电力机械,2001,23(1):44~45
[24]莫付江,阮江军,陈允平.电涌防护技术研究.高电压技术,2003,29(4):51~53
[25]陈坚.电力电子技术——电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[26] Bose, B. K.. Modern power electronics, evolution, technology and applications. IEEE press, 1992
[27]何希才,江云霞.现代电力电子技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[28]丁道宏.电力电子技术(修订版).北京:航空工业出版社,1999
[29]方俊利,朱红育.MAX197在多通道数据采集中的应用.电子设计应用,2004,1:101~102
[30]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础——模拟部分.第四版.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[31] Mark N. Horenstein. Microelectronic circuits and deviced. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1996
[32]陈东.OrCAD电路设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[33]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用.第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[34]李国栋,李永新.带光电隔离的RS485芯片MAX1480在单片机系统中的应用.微计算机信息,1998,14(16):72~73
[35]冯秀丽,韩建国.24LC系列EEPROM原理及应用.北京化工大学学报,2000,27(24):63~66
[36]胡寿松.自动控制原理.第四版.北京:科学出版社,2001
[37] Munro N. . Modern approaches to control system design. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1979. 10~15
[38]金瓯帆.单片机模拟串口的设计.电子世界,2005,2:31~32
[39]叶世勋.现代电网控制与信息化.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2005
[40]曹宁,胡弘莽.电网通信技术.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2003
[41]史久根,张培仁,陈真勇.CAN现场总线系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[42] Ginaluca Cena, Adriano Valenzano. An improved CAN fieldbus for industrial applications. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 1997, 44(4): 533~564
[43] Luis Miguel Pinho, Francisco Vasques. Improved fault tolerant broadcasts in CAN. 2001 8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2001
[44]侯鹏.基于CAN总线的防腐电源智能监控系统研究:硕士论文.武汉:武汉理工大学图书馆,2005
[45] Adel Baganne, Jean-Luc Philippe, Eric Martin. A formal technique for hardware interface design. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems, 1998, 45(5): 584~591
[46] Ian Broster, Alan Burns. Timely use of the CAN protocol in critical hard real-time systems with faults. 13th Euromicro Conference on real-time system, June 2001
[47] G. Cena, A. Valenzano. A distributed mechanism to improve fairness in CAN networks. IEEE International workshop on factory communication systems, 1995, 10: 3~11
[2]黎亮明.电力系统防雷和接地的研究.广州:华南理工大学电力学院,2005
[3]滕永禧.接地网腐蚀诊断方法研究.重庆:重庆大学电气学院,2004
[4] L. Huang, X. Chen. Study of unequally spaced grounding grids. IEEE Transaction on power delivery, 1995, 10(2): 716~722
[5] Anton Habjanic, Mladen Ttlep. The simulation of the soil ionization phenomenon around the grounding system by the finite eliment method. IEEE Transactions on magnetics, 2006, 4(42): 867~870
[6]陈家斌.接地技术与接地装置.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[7]胡学文,许崇武.接地网外加电流阴极保护示范工程.中国电子学报,2001,1:21~24
[8] Marcus O. Durham, Robert A. Durham. Consequences and standards from using CP systems to prevent corrosion. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2005, 1: 41~47
[9] Beavers, J.A. and N.G. Thompson. Corrosion beneath disbanded pipeline coatings. Materials performance, 1997, 36(4): 13~19
[10] Perdomo, J.J. and I. Song. Chemical and electrochemical conditions on steel under disbonded coatings: the effect of applied potential, solution resistivity, crevice thickness and holiday size. Corrosion Science, 2000. 42(8): 1389~1415
[11]胡治平,池华建.阴极保护防腐蚀技术在变电所及发电厂的应用.江苏电机工程,2006,25(2):82~84
[12]韩曙光.金属管线阴极防腐装置的研制与开发:硕士论文.合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆,2003
[13] Ashworth V., Booker C. JL. Cathodic protection—theory and practice. London: Ellis Horwood Limited, 1986
[14] Perdomo Jorge J., Song Inho. Cathodically protecting underground asphalt enamel coated pipes. Corrosion reviews, 2000, 18(2): 221~254
[15]王芷芳,朱安纲.消除实施阴极保护的一些模糊观点.石油化工腐蚀与防护,2002,19(6):29~32
[16]魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,1984
[17]迟善武.阴极保护电源的技术现状与发展趋势.仪器仪表用户,2006,4(13):6~7
[18] S. M. Bashi, N. F. Mailah, M. A. Mohd Radzi. Cathodic protection system. in: Bangi. National power and energy conference 2003 proceedings. Malaysia: 2003, 366~370
[19]刘强远,牛俊邦,方建平.新型逆变式恒电位仪.石油工程建设,1999,6(3):45~49
[20]唐明华.油气管道阴极保护.北京:石油工业出版社,1986
[21]牛俊邦,刘强远.新型IGBT逆变式恒电位仪的设计与实现.电力电子技术,1999,1(2):37~38
[22]谢健,熊靖.PS-1恒电位仪使用及故障分析.中国电子学报,2000,3(4):38~39
[23]陈希孟.一种新的电气过电压保护技术.水利电力机械,2001,23(1):44~45
[24]莫付江,阮江军,陈允平.电涌防护技术研究.高电压技术,2003,29(4):51~53
[25]陈坚.电力电子技术——电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[26] Bose, B. K.. Modern power electronics, evolution, technology and applications. IEEE press, 1992
[27]何希才,江云霞.现代电力电子技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[28]丁道宏.电力电子技术(修订版).北京:航空工业出版社,1999
[29]方俊利,朱红育.MAX197在多通道数据采集中的应用.电子设计应用,2004,1:101~102
[30]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础——模拟部分.第四版.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[31] Mark N. Horenstein. Microelectronic circuits and deviced. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1996
[32]陈东.OrCAD电路设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[33]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用.第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[34]李国栋,李永新.带光电隔离的RS485芯片MAX1480在单片机系统中的应用.微计算机信息,1998,14(16):72~73
[35]冯秀丽,韩建国.24LC系列EEPROM原理及应用.北京化工大学学报,2000,27(24):63~66
[36]胡寿松.自动控制原理.第四版.北京:科学出版社,2001
[37] Munro N. . Modern approaches to control system design. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1979. 10~15
[38]金瓯帆.单片机模拟串口的设计.电子世界,2005,2:31~32
[39]叶世勋.现代电网控制与信息化.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2005
[40]曹宁,胡弘莽.电网通信技术.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2003
[41]史久根,张培仁,陈真勇.CAN现场总线系统设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[42] Ginaluca Cena, Adriano Valenzano. An improved CAN fieldbus for industrial applications. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 1997, 44(4): 533~564
[43] Luis Miguel Pinho, Francisco Vasques. Improved fault tolerant broadcasts in CAN. 2001 8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2001
[44]侯鹏.基于CAN总线的防腐电源智能监控系统研究:硕士论文.武汉:武汉理工大学图书馆,2005
[45] Adel Baganne, Jean-Luc Philippe, Eric Martin. A formal technique for hardware interface design. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems, 1998, 45(5): 584~591
[46] Ian Broster, Alan Burns. Timely use of the CAN protocol in critical hard real-time systems with faults. 13th Euromicro Conference on real-time system, June 2001
[47] G. Cena, A. Valenzano. A distributed mechanism to improve fairness in CAN networks. IEEE International workshop on factory communication systems, 1995, 10: 3~11