掺钆高阻性板室（RPC）热中子探测器研究
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摘要
本文首先给出掺钆(Gd)高阻性板室(RPC)热中子探测器基本原理,特别是Gd与热中子的反应机理。其次,根据探测器结构建立了模拟模型,利用MCNP和Garfield程序模拟了粒子与RPC热中子探测器的作用过程,计算了换体Gd203的合适厚度和RPC探测器对中子、γ的灵敏度,给出了热中子和1.25MeV能量γ与探测器作用产生的电子能谱。利用模拟数据研究了RPC热中子探测器的探测效率和时间分辨随电场、混合气体比例的变化规律,得到了最佳的电场强度和混合工作气体比例。根据模拟结果设计和研制了掺钆RPC热中子探测器,最后,对掺钆高阻性板室(RPC)热中子探测器性能进行了测试。用γ射线吸收法对探测器膜的厚度进行了测量；对探测器的示波器信号进行了研究；使用探测器对常见的Na-22和Cs-137γ放射源进行了测试,得到了信号幅度谱,初步研究了能量分辨；还利用D-D中子管经过慢化提供的热中子测试了探测器的探测效率,找到提高探测效率最佳条件。
Firstly, the reaction mechanism of the thermal neutron with Gd and the basic principles of the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector was investigated in this paper. Secondly, the sensitivities of y-ray and the neutron in the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector were simulated using MCNP code and Garfield code. The electron energy spectra that the detector interacts with the thermal neutron and 1.25 MeVγ-ray were also presented. The relationship of the time resolution and the detection efficiency vs the electric field and the proportion of the mixture gas were calculated. Based on the simulating data, the optimal electric field and the proportion of the mixture are presented. A new method using the characteristicγ-ray absorption spectroscopy was developed to measure the thickness of the Gd-coated. At last, the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector was tested at theγray source of Na-22 and Cs-137. The the signal amplitude spectrum and energy resolution of theγ-ray were presented. A D-D neutron and a polythene moderator were used to get a thermal neutron beam. Using this thermal neutron beam, thermal neutron efficiency of the detector was also tested to find the better conditions.
Firstly, the reaction mechanism of the thermal neutron with Gd and the basic principles of the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector was investigated in this paper. Secondly, the sensitivities of y-ray and the neutron in the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector were simulated using MCNP code and Garfield code. The electron energy spectra that the detector interacts with the thermal neutron and 1.25 MeVγ-ray were also presented. The relationship of the time resolution and the detection efficiency vs the electric field and the proportion of the mixture gas were calculated. Based on the simulating data, the optimal electric field and the proportion of the mixture are presented. A new method using the characteristicγ-ray absorption spectroscopy was developed to measure the thickness of the Gd-coated. At last, the Gd-coated thermal neutron resistive plate chambers detector was tested at theγray source of Na-22 and Cs-137. The the signal amplitude spectrum and energy resolution of theγ-ray were presented. A D-D neutron and a polythene moderator were used to get a thermal neutron beam. Using this thermal neutron beam, thermal neutron efficiency of the detector was also tested to find the better conditions.
引文
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[2]M. Abbrescia, G Iaselli, T. Mongelli, et al. Resistive Plate Chambers with Gd-coated electrodes as thermal neutron detectors [J]. Nucl In strum Methods,2004,A 533:149-153.
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[5]钱森.RPC探测器研究和BESⅢMUC气体比监测[D].北京：中科院高能物理研究所,2009.
[6]王贻芳.大亚湾反应堆中微子实验www. wuli.ac.cn.2007,36(3)
[7]Michael R. James et al.刘同先译.粒子输运程序MCNPX的增强.国外核动力,2007,28(4)：61-64
[8]Altieri S, et al. RPC y sensitivity simulation[J]. Nucl Instrument Methods,2000, A456:99
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[10]来永芳,李金,奎元量等.MRPC物理机制研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006，26(5)：591-595
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[5]QIAN Sen,WANG Yi-Fang et al.Study of the RPC-Gd as thermal neutron detector[J],Chinese Physics C,2009,33(9):769-773
[16]韩红光,童国梁等.国产材料阻性板室特性研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2001,21：2
[17]Bencivenni G, et al. A modular design for glass spark counters [J]. Nucl Inst rum Methods,1994,A 345: 456.
[18]Teramo to Y, et al. R&D of glass RPC for the BELLE detector [C]. Scientific A cta, Vol. XI,No.1,1996, 401.
[19]Bian JQ et al. Some results of resistive plate counter and proposal to tau_ charm factory of Beijing [C]. Scientifica A cta,Vol. X I,No.1,1996,419.
[20]YINGJ,YE YL,BAN Yet al. Nucl. Instr. Meth In Phys. Res.,2001,A459:513-522
[21]安继刚,卿上玉,邬海峰等.充气电离室[M].北京：原子能出版社,1997
[22]马经国.大面积RPC气体探测器的研制和宇宙线测试[D].北京：北京大学,2001
[23]HE HuiHai, LIU Kun, et al. Study on the Performance of the YBJ-ARGO RPC[J]. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS.2004,28(4),422-425
[24]http://www.qianyan.biz/pshow-45125.html
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[27]李志海,周上祺,任勤等.镀层厚度的x射线衍射法测量[J].核动力工程,2006,27(3)：43-46
[28]欧阳晓平, 刘林月等.特征荧光X射线吸收法精确测定基于铍膜235U裂变靶厚[J].原子能科学技术,2008,42(11)：997-1000
[29]DAX M. X-ray film thickness measurement [J].Semiconductor International,1996,19 (9):6-9.
[30]安继刚. 致电离辐射探测学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[31]M.Abbrescia, G.Iaselli, et al. Resistive Plate Chambers as thermal neutron detectors[J] Nuclear Physics B.125(2003) 43-47
[2]M. Abbrescia, G Iaselli, T. Mongelli, et al. Resistive Plate Chambers with Gd-coated electrodes as thermal neutron detectors [J]. Nucl In strum Methods,2004,A 533:149-153.
[3]吴治华,朱胜江,沈能学.核实验方法[M].北京：原子能出版社,1996
[4]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥等.中子物理——原理、方法与应用,北京：原子能出版社,2001.7：Ⅵ.
[5]钱森.RPC探测器研究和BESⅢMUC气体比监测[D].北京：中科院高能物理研究所,2009.
[6]王贻芳.大亚湾反应堆中微子实验www. wuli.ac.cn.2007,36(3)
[7]Michael R. James et al.刘同先译.粒子输运程序MCNPX的增强.国外核动力,2007,28(4)：61-64
[8]Altieri S, et al. RPC y sensitivity simulation[J]. Nucl Instrument Methods,2000, A456:99
[9]Abbrescia M. Resistive plate chambers as thermal neutron detectors[J]. Nuclear Physics B,2003,125 (Suppl.):43-47
[10]来永芳,李金,奎元量等.MRPC物理机制研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006，26(5)：591-595
[11]王义,程建平,范佳锦,等MRPCγ灵敏度计算[J].核电子学与探测术.2003,23(1)：33-35
[12]http://consult.cern.ch/writeup/magboltz/usage.html
[13]Root程序在MRPC数据处理中的应用,核电子学与探测技术,Vol23(2003).
[14]徐学基等,气体放电物理[M].复旦大学出版社,1996
[15]H. Rather, Electron Avalanches and Breakdown in Gases, Butterworth & Co., London,1964.
[5]QIAN Sen,WANG Yi-Fang et al.Study of the RPC-Gd as thermal neutron detector[J],Chinese Physics C,2009,33(9):769-773
[16]韩红光,童国梁等.国产材料阻性板室特性研究[J].核电子学与探测技术.2001,21：2
[17]Bencivenni G, et al. A modular design for glass spark counters [J]. Nucl Inst rum Methods,1994,A 345: 456.
[18]Teramo to Y, et al. R&D of glass RPC for the BELLE detector [C]. Scientific A cta, Vol. XI,No.1,1996, 401.
[19]Bian JQ et al. Some results of resistive plate counter and proposal to tau_ charm factory of Beijing [C]. Scientifica A cta,Vol. X I,No.1,1996,419.
[20]YINGJ,YE YL,BAN Yet al. Nucl. Instr. Meth In Phys. Res.,2001,A459:513-522
[21]安继刚,卿上玉,邬海峰等.充气电离室[M].北京：原子能出版社,1997
[22]马经国.大面积RPC气体探测器的研制和宇宙线测试[D].北京：北京大学,2001
[23]HE HuiHai, LIU Kun, et al. Study on the Performance of the YBJ-ARGO RPC[J]. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS.2004,28(4),422-425
[24]http://www.qianyan.biz/pshow-45125.html
[25]CHANTLER CT, OLSENK, DRAGOSETRA,et al. X-ray form factor, attenuation and scattering tables:version 2.1 [EB/OL]. [2007-09-17]. http://physics. nist. gov/ffast
[26]刘兆庆.脉冲辐射场诊断技术[M].北京：科学出版社,1994.
[27]李志海,周上祺,任勤等.镀层厚度的x射线衍射法测量[J].核动力工程,2006,27(3)：43-46
[28]欧阳晓平, 刘林月等.特征荧光X射线吸收法精确测定基于铍膜235U裂变靶厚[J].原子能科学技术,2008,42(11)：997-1000
[29]DAX M. X-ray film thickness measurement [J].Semiconductor International,1996,19 (9):6-9.
[30]安继刚. 致电离辐射探测学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[31]M.Abbrescia, G.Iaselli, et al. Resistive Plate Chambers as thermal neutron detectors[J] Nuclear Physics B.125(2003) 43-47