盐池地区地下水化学成分演化规律研究
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摘要
宁夏回族自治区盐池县是我国北方水资源比较贫乏的地区之一,地下水资源是该地区的主要供水水源。但该地区地下水的TDS高,水质整体较差,并且氟离子含量高,导致了地方病的发生。针对该地区水资源短缺、水质差以及地方病广泛发生的情况,本文在收集整理分析资料的基础上,研究了盐池地区地下水化学演化规律及其形成机制。研究成果为地下水资源合理开发利用、地下水的污染防治以及地方病的防治提供了科学依据。这对于保证当地经济的可持续发展、缓解水资源短缺矛盾,保护盐池地区地下水资源具有重要的意义。主要研究内容和结论如下:
(1)研究区地下水可分为松散岩类孔隙裂隙孔隙水和碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水两大类型。主要含水岩组包括新生界含水岩组、罗汉洞含水岩组、环河含水岩组以及洛河组含水岩组,各含水岩组的地下水的补给、径流及排泄条件受到了地质、地貌条件的控制。
(2)在对研究区地形地貌、水文地质条件及水循环特征进行分析的基础上,将区内地下水划分为三个系统,分别为:高沙窝一大水坑地下水系统、盐池—马坊地下水系统以及麻黄山地下水系统。
(3)盐池地区新生界、罗汉洞及环河含水岩组地下水化学类型从上至下分别以SO_4·HCO_3型、SO_4·Cl型和SO_4·Cl型为主。新生界含水岩组和罗汉洞含水岩组的地下水化学成分受盐池南北分水岭的影响较大,以分水岭为界,地下水分布向东西两侧呈规律性变化;环河含水岩组的地下水化学分布总体上由南向北呈规律性变化。
(4)研究区内地下水的δ~(18)O、δD同位素特征表明:盐池地区三个含水岩组的地下水均由大气降水补给;各层位地下水中~(14)C以及氚含量的测定结果证实,环河含水岩组的地下水径流缓慢,水交替程度较弱。
(5)利用PHREEQC对水化学分析数据进行了水文地球化学模拟。对地下水组分存在形式和矿物饱和指数进行了计算;同时沿地下水流向,对各含水岩组进行了反向地球化学模拟。模拟结果显示:在各含水岩组的地下水径流方向上,石膏的溶解和阳离子交替吸附过程中Na~+的解吸占主导地位,而方解石、白云石以及岩盐等矿物在不同的路径上对地下水中化学成分都有着不同的影响。
(6)盐池地区地下水化学成分的影响因素主要包括地质及水文地质条件、蒸发浓缩作用、土壤易溶盐含量以及水-岩相互作用等。对地下水中氟离子成因的研究表明,气候条件、特殊的水文地质条件以及水文地球化学特征的影响是形成高氟水的主要原因,并证明了萤石为F的主要矿物来源。论文最后对在高氟水区寻找优质水源提出了建议。
In the north area of China,water resource is one of the main restricts of development and environment.There is scarce of water in Yanchi area,where groundwater is one of major water supplies.In this area,the index of TDS is higher,the water quality is worse,and the fluorine ion consentration is high,these reasons caused the endemic disease occurrence. Based on field survey and analysis of the groundwater chemistry data,this paper studied the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Yanehi area.The evolution and formation of chemical composition of groundwater were analyzed and discussed indetail.The research results provided scientific base for reasonable exploration,utilization and protect of groundwater resources,which was significant tomitigate the shortage of water resources.The results are summarized as following:
(1) The groundwater is divided to pore and crevice water in loose rock zone and crevice and pore water in fragmentary rock zone,the main water bearing layers are the water bearing layer of Cenozoic Erathem,Luohandong,Huanhe and Luohe.The conditions of recharge、flow and drainage of groundwater are controlled by the geology and terrain congdition in every water bearing layer.
(2) Based on the character of physiognomy、hydrogeological characteristic and the character of water cycle,this ground water system can be divided to three sections:the Gaoshawo—Dashuikeng groundwater system,the Yanchi—Mafang groundwater system;and the Mahuang hill groundwater system.
(3) The watertype of the three water bearing layer is SO_4·HCO_3,SO4·C1 and SO4·C1.In the water bearing layer of Cenozoic Erathem and Luohandong,their distribution of groundwater is influented by the north and south watershed,along the watershed,the distribution have some rules;but,the distribution of groundwater in the water bearing layer of Huanhe have some rules from south to north.
(4) By analyzing isotopeδ~(18)O,δD of the groundwater in Yanchi area,the conclusions are obtained that the groundwater is mainly recharged by precipitation;and by analyzing isotope ~(14)C and tritium consentration,the stream current is slowly and the extent of the water alternation is weak in the water bearing layer of Huanhe.
(5) According to the result of PHREEQC modeled results,the chemical species in ground water and saturion indexes of minerals are obtained,and the backward geochemical model was carded on different physiognomies along the flow direction of groundwater.The results showed that:the dissolution of gypsum and desorption of Na~+ is the main effect in the three different water bearing layers,and the other minerals have different infection for the chemical composition of groundwater,such as calcite,dolomite,halite etc.
(6) The influence of the chemical component in groundwater in Yanchi area content:the condition of geology and hydrogeology,the action of evaporation and concentrate,the concentration of salty soil and the water-rock interaction.This article emphatically conducts the analysis research to fluorine ion origin in the groundwater of Yanchi area.Finally indicated,in this groundwater fluorine exceeding the allowed figure primary cause includes: the influence of geology hydrogeological conditions,mineral dissolution or deposition and hydrochemical.Finally,seeks the water source in the high fluorine water district,proposed suggestion for changing the water quality.
(1)研究区地下水可分为松散岩类孔隙裂隙孔隙水和碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水两大类型。主要含水岩组包括新生界含水岩组、罗汉洞含水岩组、环河含水岩组以及洛河组含水岩组,各含水岩组的地下水的补给、径流及排泄条件受到了地质、地貌条件的控制。
(2)在对研究区地形地貌、水文地质条件及水循环特征进行分析的基础上,将区内地下水划分为三个系统,分别为:高沙窝一大水坑地下水系统、盐池—马坊地下水系统以及麻黄山地下水系统。
(3)盐池地区新生界、罗汉洞及环河含水岩组地下水化学类型从上至下分别以SO_4·HCO_3型、SO_4·Cl型和SO_4·Cl型为主。新生界含水岩组和罗汉洞含水岩组的地下水化学成分受盐池南北分水岭的影响较大,以分水岭为界,地下水分布向东西两侧呈规律性变化;环河含水岩组的地下水化学分布总体上由南向北呈规律性变化。
(4)研究区内地下水的δ~(18)O、δD同位素特征表明:盐池地区三个含水岩组的地下水均由大气降水补给;各层位地下水中~(14)C以及氚含量的测定结果证实,环河含水岩组的地下水径流缓慢,水交替程度较弱。
(5)利用PHREEQC对水化学分析数据进行了水文地球化学模拟。对地下水组分存在形式和矿物饱和指数进行了计算;同时沿地下水流向,对各含水岩组进行了反向地球化学模拟。模拟结果显示:在各含水岩组的地下水径流方向上,石膏的溶解和阳离子交替吸附过程中Na~+的解吸占主导地位,而方解石、白云石以及岩盐等矿物在不同的路径上对地下水中化学成分都有着不同的影响。
(6)盐池地区地下水化学成分的影响因素主要包括地质及水文地质条件、蒸发浓缩作用、土壤易溶盐含量以及水-岩相互作用等。对地下水中氟离子成因的研究表明,气候条件、特殊的水文地质条件以及水文地球化学特征的影响是形成高氟水的主要原因,并证明了萤石为F的主要矿物来源。论文最后对在高氟水区寻找优质水源提出了建议。
In the north area of China,water resource is one of the main restricts of development and environment.There is scarce of water in Yanchi area,where groundwater is one of major water supplies.In this area,the index of TDS is higher,the water quality is worse,and the fluorine ion consentration is high,these reasons caused the endemic disease occurrence. Based on field survey and analysis of the groundwater chemistry data,this paper studied the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Yanehi area.The evolution and formation of chemical composition of groundwater were analyzed and discussed indetail.The research results provided scientific base for reasonable exploration,utilization and protect of groundwater resources,which was significant tomitigate the shortage of water resources.The results are summarized as following:
(1) The groundwater is divided to pore and crevice water in loose rock zone and crevice and pore water in fragmentary rock zone,the main water bearing layers are the water bearing layer of Cenozoic Erathem,Luohandong,Huanhe and Luohe.The conditions of recharge、flow and drainage of groundwater are controlled by the geology and terrain congdition in every water bearing layer.
(2) Based on the character of physiognomy、hydrogeological characteristic and the character of water cycle,this ground water system can be divided to three sections:the Gaoshawo—Dashuikeng groundwater system,the Yanchi—Mafang groundwater system;and the Mahuang hill groundwater system.
(3) The watertype of the three water bearing layer is SO_4·HCO_3,SO4·C1 and SO4·C1.In the water bearing layer of Cenozoic Erathem and Luohandong,their distribution of groundwater is influented by the north and south watershed,along the watershed,the distribution have some rules;but,the distribution of groundwater in the water bearing layer of Huanhe have some rules from south to north.
(4) By analyzing isotopeδ~(18)O,δD of the groundwater in Yanchi area,the conclusions are obtained that the groundwater is mainly recharged by precipitation;and by analyzing isotope ~(14)C and tritium consentration,the stream current is slowly and the extent of the water alternation is weak in the water bearing layer of Huanhe.
(5) According to the result of PHREEQC modeled results,the chemical species in ground water and saturion indexes of minerals are obtained,and the backward geochemical model was carded on different physiognomies along the flow direction of groundwater.The results showed that:the dissolution of gypsum and desorption of Na~+ is the main effect in the three different water bearing layers,and the other minerals have different infection for the chemical composition of groundwater,such as calcite,dolomite,halite etc.
(6) The influence of the chemical component in groundwater in Yanchi area content:the condition of geology and hydrogeology,the action of evaporation and concentrate,the concentration of salty soil and the water-rock interaction.This article emphatically conducts the analysis research to fluorine ion origin in the groundwater of Yanchi area.Finally indicated,in this groundwater fluorine exceeding the allowed figure primary cause includes: the influence of geology hydrogeological conditions,mineral dissolution or deposition and hydrochemical.Finally,seeks the water source in the high fluorine water district,proposed suggestion for changing the water quality.
引文
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[6]KenoyerWisconsin.G.1.Bowse C.J.Grounnwater chemical evolution in a sandy silicate aquifer in Northerml.Patterns and rates of chamge[J].Water Resurces Research.1992,28(2):579-589
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[9]Weidman C,Jones.G.Development of the mollusc Arctica islandica as a palaeoceanographic tool for reconstructing annual and seasonal records of Delta super 14C and delta super 180 in the mid-to-high-latitude North Atlantic ocean[C].The International Symposium on Applications of Isotope Techniques in Studying Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere,Vienna,Austria,1993,04/19-23,461-470.
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