长根菇的液体发酵工艺及生物活性研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
长根菇(Collybia radicata)是一种珍稀药食兼用菌,味道鲜美,富含多糖、脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物元素等多种营养成分,其发酵产物丰富,具有良好的抑菌功效,其多糖具有抗氧化活性、增强机体免疫活性和抑制肿瘤等作用。目前对长根菇的研究主要集中在驯化、栽培方面,而对长根菇液体发酵、发酵液抑菌活性、长根菇多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性方面的研究尚未见报道。
     本论文的主要研究内容包括:长根菇的液体培养工艺研究、发酵液抑菌活性的初步研究、多糖分离纯化及多糖的抗氧化作用研究。
     1.配方筛选的结果表明:在摇瓶水平上对培养基进行了单因素试验,筛选出最佳的碳源、氮源、无机盐、生长因子,采用正交试验,得出适合长根菇液体发酵培养最适培养基配方为:碳源蔗糖30g/L,氮源豆饼粉9g/L,无机盐KH_2PO_4和MgSO_4·7H_2O组合浓度为5g/L+2.5g/L,生长因子维生素B_1 0.2g/L;
     单因素试验获得了最佳摇瓶培养条件是:培养温度为26℃,装液量为250 mL摇瓶装液量100mL,摇瓶转速为180r/min,接种量为10%(v/v),起始pH值5.5。
     验证试验表明,应用上述条件进行液体发酵,菌丝体干重达到1.514g/100mL,胞外多糖最高可达0.291g/100mL。
     2.长根菇发酵液对几种常见的病原菌均有一定的抑制效应。对7种供试细菌的抑菌试验结果表明,发酵液对胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈直径达4.3mm。在6种供试病原真菌菌株中抑菌试验结果表明,对稻瘟病菌的抑制作用最强,达到99%以上。
     稳定性试验表明,发酵时间11~13d之间抑菌活性最强;抑菌活性随温度的升高而降低,但100℃处理发酵液后抑菌活性仍高达52.804%;在pH值5.5~7.0条件下抑菌活性较高;发酵液的抑菌活性对紫外线敏感。
     3.抗氧化试验结果表明,长根菇不同来源的多糖(干菌丝多糖、鲜菌丝多糖、胞外多糖、菌盖多糖、菌柄多糖)和发酵原液的均有一定的抗氧化活性。
     各种不同来源的多糖对DPPH·均有较强的清除力,其中以干菌丝多糖清除活性最强,EC_(50)(DPPH·)值为0.394mg/mL,且随浓度的增加清除力增加。与阳性对照维生素C和维生素E相比,长根菇不同来源多糖,DPPH·清除率优于维生素E,但比维生素C差。
     还原力测定发现随着多糖浓度的增加,还原力增加。其中胞外多糖和干菌丝多糖还原力最大,EC_(50)(还原力)值分别为0.478mg/mL和1.068mg/mL。与阳性对照维生素C相比,还原力没有维生素C强。
     各种不同来源的多糖对铁离子均有较强的螯合力,且随浓度的增加铁离子螯合力增加,其中鲜菌丝多糖的铁离子螯合力最大,EC_(50)(铁离子螯合力)值为0.126mg/mL。与阳性对照EDTA相比,铁离子螯合力没有EDTA大。
Collybia radicata is a rare edible and medicinal mushroom, tasty flavor, and rich inpolysaccharides, fatty acids, protein, amino acids, minerals and other nutritionalcomponents. Fermentation metabolites of Collybia radicata which has good antimicrobialactivities is very rich, and the polysaccharides of Collybia radicata have antioxidantactivity, enhance immune activity and have inhibitory effects of tumor growth. Recently,the study of Collybia radicata mainly focus on cultivation and domestication, but thestudy of liquid fermentation, antimicrobial activities of the fermentation broth, isolationand purification of Collybia radicata polysaccharides and antioxidative activities of thepolysaccharides have not been reported.
     The main content of this thesis includes: study on liquid culture technology ofCollybia radicata, preliminary study on antimicrobial activities of the fermentation broth,study on isolation and purification of polysaccharides and its antioxidative activitiesresearch.
     1. Formula screening results showed: in shaking flask, the best carbon source,nitrogen source, inorganic salts and growth factor were screened by single-factorexperiment in fermentation media. Then the optimum levels were selected by orthogonalexperiment. The fermentation media obtained to fit for Collybia radicata was: sucrose30g/L, soybean meal 9g/L, inorganic salts composition KH_2PO_4 5g/L and MgSO_4·7H_2O2.5g/L, growth factor vitamin B_1 0.2g/L.
     The optimum conditions obtained by single-factor experiment were: cultivationtemperature 26℃, loading volume 100mL of 250mL flask, rotation speed 180r/min,inoculation volume 10%(v/v) and initial pH5.5.
     Verification tests indicated that the above conditions were the best condition forCollybia radicata liquid fermentation, mycelium dry weight reached 1.514g/100mL andextracelluar polysaccharide were up to 0.291 g/100mL.
     2. The experiments of antimicrobial activities of Collybia radicata fermentationbroth showed that it had some inhibitory effects to common pathogens. The broth had thestrongest inhibitory activity to Erwinia carotovora in the 7 species of tested bacteria, withthe inhibition zone diameter 4.3mm, and Pyricularia grise was severely inhibited in the 6species of tested fugues, the inhibition rate is more than 99%.
     Stability tests showed that the fermentation time between 11~13d exhibited thestrongest inhibitory activity, and the inhibitory activity is lower with the increasing temperature, whereas the inhibitory activity were up to 52.804%when the broth weretreated at 100℃. Otherwise, the fermentation broth exhibited high activity under pH5.5~7.0, and it is likely sensitive to UV light.
     3. Antioxidant tests of different sources of Collybia radicata polysaccharides (drymycelium polysaccharide, fresh mycelium polysaccharide, extracelluar polysaccharide,cap polysaccharide, handle polysaccharide) and the fermentation broth showed that theyall had certain antioxidative activities.
     Various sources of polysaccharides had a strong DPPH- free radical scavengingeffect, which dry mycelium polysaccharide exhibited the strongest scavenging activitywith EC_(50)(DPPH.) value 0.394mg/mL, and the scavenging activities increased with theincreasing concentration. In contrast to the positive control vitamin C and vitamin E,scavenging effects of the different sources of polysaccharides were better than vitamin E,But worse than vitamin C.
     Reducing power test found that the value increased with the increase ofconcentration of polysaccharides. Extracelluar polysaccharide and dry myceliumpolysaccharide showed the greatest"reducing powers, with ECs0 (reducing power),respectively 0.478mg/mL and 1.068mg/mL. But the reducing powers of various sourcesof polysaccharides were worse than the positive control vitamin C.
     Various sources of polysaccharides had a strong ferrous ion chelating capacity, andthe chelating capacity increased with the increasing concentration. Fresh myceliumpolysaccharide showed the greatest ferrous ion chelating capacity, with EC_(50) (reducingpower) 0.126mg/mL. But the ferrous ion chelating capacities of various sources ofpolysaccharides were worse than the positive control EDTA.
引文
1.陈永祥,王和生,靳风云等.一贯煎多糖对小鼠肝损伤及SOD、LPO的影响[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(4):239-241
    2.樊锦艳,王秋颖.药用真菌多糖的研究及开发利用[J].食品工业科技,2003,24(12):106-107
    3.范智超,张志琪.川芎多糖的提取、纯化及抗氧化活性的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2005,117(5):561-567
    4.黄年来.8种珍稀美味食用菌栽培[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998,102-103
    5.洪震,卯晓岚.用药菌实验技术及发酵生产[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1992,104-225
    6.黄芳,蒙义文.活性多糖的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,1999,(15):90-98
    7.黄相中.元宝枫叶的化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究.[硕士学位论文],云南:云南大学,2003
    8.郝伟,张卓勇,许明等.抗氧化性药物的研究进展[J].中国卫生工程学,2005,4(1):50
    9.韩光亮,李翠梅,Eduardo Cacacc等.改良的ABTS~+法及其在优化抗氧化活性物质提取中的应用[J].卫生研究,2004,33(5):620-622
    10.柯丽霞.松乳菇的抗菌活性研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(1):63-64
    11.柯野,张小平,谭伟,巫忠亮.长根菇菌丝体液体培养条件的研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):45-46
    12.刘吉开.高等真菌化学成分及其生物活性的研究.中国科学基金[J],2007,02:69-70
    13.刘祖同,罗信昌.食用蕈菌生物技术及应用[M].清华大学出版社,2002,208
    14.刘德良,鲁国平.氧自由基与其抗氧化剂研究进展[J].哈尔滨医药,1994,14(3):55-56
    15.刘娟,邓泽元,于化泓.决明子水溶性多糖的抗氧化作用[J].食品科学,2006,27(5):61
    16.吕作舟.食用菌栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社[M],2006,149
    17.雷阳.浅述可用于食品防腐剂的微生物物质[J].贵州畜牧医,2002,26(4):16-17
    18.李艳萍,高荫榆.微量元素对乌柏类可可脂氧化稳定性研究[J].食品科学,2002,(1):24-26
    19.李宜明,沈业寿,季俊虬,郑立军.桑黄菌质多糖的固态发酵及其抗氧化作用[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(12)
    20.李刚,杨凡,李瑞雪等.原生质体紫外诱变选育灵芝新菌种的研究[J].微生物学通报,2001,41(2):229-233
    21.李继东,林跃鑫.热带小奥德蘑深层发酵工艺研究[J].食用菌学报,2003,10(1):46-51
    22.李师鹏等.真菌多糖免疫活性的研究进展[J].菌物系统,2001,20(4):581-587
    23.李雁群,章克昌.12味中药对灵芝菌液体培养的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2003,29(3):38-40
    24.林宇野,杨虹.酶法提取多糖的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,1995,(1):13-17
    25.闵三弟,臧珍娣,宋士良,劳华均.长根菇深层发酵和多糖测定[J].上海农业学报,1994,10(4):36-40
    26.马三梅,王永飞,亦如翰.食用菌育种的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然版),2004,32(4):108-112
    27.庞占国,周玫,陈瑗.自由基医学研究方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:
    28.彭长连,陈少薇,林植芳等.用清除有机自由基DPPH法评价植物抗氧化能力[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2000,27(6):658-661
    29.裘娟萍,孙培龙,朱家荣等.灰树花深层发酵工艺研究[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(3):33-35
    30.沈业寿,陶文娟.真菌的应用研究.真菌多糖[J].安徽大学学报,2003,27(1):93-97
    31.盛家荣,曾令辉.多糖的提取,分离与结构分析[J].广西师范学院学报,1999,16(4):49-54
    32.孙存普,张建中,段绍瑾.自由基生物学导论[M].中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:46-47
    33.田金强,朱克瑞,李新明,宋惠月.阿魏菇多糖的抗氧化功能及其对果蝇寿命的影响[J].食品科学,2006,27(4):223
    34.谭敬军,胡亚平.竹荪防腐作用初探[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999,25(6):479-482
    35.谭敬军.竹荪抑菌特性研究[J].食品科学,2001,22(9):73-75
    36.王帮武,杨新林,张力刚等.灵芝酸性组分的提取分离及抑菌活性研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2002,22(1):125-128
    37.魏赛金,涂国全.不同中药提取液对灵芝摇瓶培养的影响[J].江西科学,2005,23(6):702-705
    38.王大浩,冯俊涛,陈安良等.高等真菌在植物保护中的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):246-248
    39.王蓉,吴剑波.多糖生物活性的研究进展[J].国外医药抗生素分册,2001,22(3):97-100
    40.王健,龚兴国.多糖的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究进展[J].中国生化药物杂志,2001,22(1):52-54
    41.吴笳笛,陈红漫.水溶性苦瓜多糖的分离纯化及生物学活性的研究[J],食品科学,2006,27(3):82-86
    42.辛晓林,刘长海.中药多糖抗氧化作用研究进展[J]。北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(5):54-55
    43.徐锦堂.中国药用真菌学[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1996
    44.肖建辉,蒋侬辉,梁宗琦等.食药用真菌多糖研究进展[J].生命的化学,2002,22(2):148-151
    45.肖湘,俞丽君,邱玉莹等.油柑多糖的提取与清除氧自由基作用研究[J].中国药学杂志,1998,33(5):279-281
    46.许申鸿,杭瑚.二苯代苦味肼基自由基分光测定法及其应用的初步研究[J],植物生理学通讯,1999,35(6):474-477
    47.袁彤光.食用菌液体种深层发酵技术应用综述[J].食用菌,1995,(3):6-7
    48.尤新.采用生物技术生产功能性食品添加剂[J].中国食品添加剂,1997,(3):21-23
    49.杨新美.食用菌研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998,144-145
    50.杨海龙,吴天祥,章克昌.中药提取物对灵芝深层发酵的影响[J].微生物学报,2003,43(4):519-521
    51.张惟杰.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987
    52.张振涛,吴泉,张仁奇等.茜草多糖的抗氧化作用[J].内蒙古医学院学报,1998,20(1):31-33
    53.邹祥,胡昌华.长根菇液体深层发酵条件的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(2):130-133
    54.朱建燕,于智勇.真菌多糖的研究与利用[J].扬州教育学院学报,2002,(3):18-21
    55.曾凯宏,明建.真菌多糖的结构与功能[J].食品科技,200l,(4):65-67
    56. Amao M B, Cano A, Alcolea J F and Acosta M. Estimation of free radical quenching activity of leaf pigments extracts. Phytochemical analysis, 2001, 12:138-143
    57. Andres Moure, Jose M Cruz, Daniel Franco, et al. Natural antioxidants from residual sourse[J]. Food Chem, 2001,72: 145-171
    
    58. Abraham B G, Berger R G. High fungi for generating aroma components through novel biotechnologies[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 1994,42:2344-2348.
    
    59. Alverson J . Effects of Aspergillas niger contamination on biological fitness of Lygus Hesperus [J]. J Entomol Sci, 2002.37:338-344
    
    60. Bennett J W. Mycotechnology: the role of fungi in biotechnology [J]. Jbiotechnology, 2006, 69:101-107.
    
    61. Bocco A, Cuvelier M E, Rihard H, et al. An-tioxidant activity and phenolic composition of citrus peel and seed extracts[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 1998, 46:2123-2129
    
    62. Chen F, Wu A, Shieh P, Kuo D, & Hsieh C. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa. Food Chemistry[J]. 2006,94,14-18
    
    63. Chu Yan-Hwa, Chang Chao-Lin, Hsu Hsia-Fen. Flavonoid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant activity[J]. Sci Food Agric, 2000, 80:561-566
    
    64. Ershova E I, Tikhonova O V, Dudni I V. Antimicrobial activity of Laetiporus sulphureus strains grown in submerged culture[J]. Antibot. Khimioter, 2003,48:18-22
    
    65. Guija Poma, Emilio, Troncoso Corzo, Luzmila. Free radicals and aging[J]. Bol. Soc. Quim. Peru 2002, 66(1): 33
    
    66. Gliszczynska-Swiglo, A, Wroblewska, J, Lemanska, K, et al. The contribution of polyphenol and vitamin C to the antioxidant activity of commercial orange juices and drinks. In Proceedings of 14th IGWT Symposium Focusing New Century: Commodity-Trade-Enviroment, China, 2004:121-126
    
    67. Lorenzen K, Anke T. Basidiomycetes as a source for new bioactive natural products[J]. Current Organic Chemistry, 1998, 2: 329-364
    
    68. Lorenzen K, Anke T. Basidiomycetes as a sourse for new bioactive natural products[J]. Current Organic Chemistry, 1998, 2: 329-364
    
    69. Lin M Y, Yen C L. Antioxidative ability of lactic acid bacterial[J]. Agric Food Chem, 1999,47:1460-1466
    
    70. Manna C, Galletti P, Cucciolla V, et al . Olive oli hydroxytyrosol protects human erythrocytes against oxidative damages[J]. J Nutr Biochem, 1999,10: 159-165
    
    71. Holapfel W H , et al. Biological preservation of foods with reference to protective cultures, bacetericins and food-grade enzymes [J]. International Journal microbiology, 1995,24:343-362
    
    72. Tehila Tannin-Spitz, Margalit Bergman, Dorit van-Moppes, Shlomo Grossman & Shoshana (Malis) Arad. Antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology , 2005, 17: 215-222

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700