DC-DC-AC两级正弦波逆变器的研究与实现
|
摘要
逆变技术是整流技术的逆向变换电源技术,将直流电转换成交流电的装置称为逆变器。根据输出波形可分为方波逆变器和正弦波逆变器,目前多数负载要求输入为正弦波,因此正弦波逆变器得到了越来越多的研究和关注。对正弦波逆变器来说最重要的是控制电路,以脉宽调制(PWM)为基础的正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)技术是正弦波逆变器的一项关键控制技术,它以正弦波为调制波、以三角波或锯齿波为载波,通过调制输出的SPWM脉冲控制功率开关管的开通与关断,从而完成直流到交流正弦波的逆变过程。
本文在对逆变器结构和原理分析的基础上,设计完成DC-DC-AC两级高频正弦波逆变器：输入侧直流电压12V通过推挽变换电路升压到370V左右,再由370V直流电通过全桥变换电路得到220V/50Hz交流电。升压控制电路由PWM控制芯片SG3525与其外围电路组成,根据电路特点使直流输出高压不稳压而只有后级输出稳压,从而简化了滤波电路；全桥逆变控制电路采用SPWM倍频调制方式,即输出SPWM波频率为载波三角波频率的二倍,这样对调制电路的要求相对较低,且输出滤波电路更容易设计。本文SPWM控制电路采用常用运算放大器和数字芯片设计完成,在保证精度的前提下降低了成本,并且简化了由硬件实现SPWM控制的电路结构。
通过计算电路各部分元件参数并制作出电感和变压器等线圈元件,本文制作完成了一台正弦波逆变电源样机,并对电源进行安装及调试,最终得出实验结果和波形,证实了该设计的可行性,达到了减小电源体积和成本的预期目标。
The inverter technology is contrary to the rectification technology. An inverter is a device which transforms direct current into alternating current. According to the output waveform, inverter can be divided into square wave inverter and sine-wave inverter. Currently most load demand input for sine wave, so sine wave inverter get more and more attention. The most important part of sine-wave inverter is the control circuit. Sine-wave pulse-width modulation (SPWM) which uses sine wave as modulation wave and triangular wave as carrier wave is a key technology which based on the theory of pulse-width modulation.
In this paper, the structure and principle of the inverter are analyzed at first. Then a DC-DC-AC two-stage high frequency inverter is designed:The input voltage12V DC boost to370V DC using a push-pull circuit; Then the370V DC is turned into220V/50Hz AC using a full bridge circuit. The control circuit of the push-pull circuit is based on a PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip SG3525. According to the characteristics of the circuit, the output of this stage is not settled so as to simplify the filter circuit; The full bridge circuit is conventional. Th e method of the full bridge control circuit is the SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) method. The frequency of the SPWM wave is two times of the carrier frequency so that the modulation circuit is simply and the output filter circuit design become easier.
By analyzing and calculating the circuit parameters and making inductance and winding components, this paper designed a DC-DC-AC two-stage high frequency inverter. After installing and debugging it, I eventually get the experimental results and waveform which confirmed the feasibility of the design.
本文在对逆变器结构和原理分析的基础上,设计完成DC-DC-AC两级高频正弦波逆变器：输入侧直流电压12V通过推挽变换电路升压到370V左右,再由370V直流电通过全桥变换电路得到220V/50Hz交流电。升压控制电路由PWM控制芯片SG3525与其外围电路组成,根据电路特点使直流输出高压不稳压而只有后级输出稳压,从而简化了滤波电路；全桥逆变控制电路采用SPWM倍频调制方式,即输出SPWM波频率为载波三角波频率的二倍,这样对调制电路的要求相对较低,且输出滤波电路更容易设计。本文SPWM控制电路采用常用运算放大器和数字芯片设计完成,在保证精度的前提下降低了成本,并且简化了由硬件实现SPWM控制的电路结构。
通过计算电路各部分元件参数并制作出电感和变压器等线圈元件,本文制作完成了一台正弦波逆变电源样机,并对电源进行安装及调试,最终得出实验结果和波形,证实了该设计的可行性,达到了减小电源体积和成本的预期目标。
The inverter technology is contrary to the rectification technology. An inverter is a device which transforms direct current into alternating current. According to the output waveform, inverter can be divided into square wave inverter and sine-wave inverter. Currently most load demand input for sine wave, so sine wave inverter get more and more attention. The most important part of sine-wave inverter is the control circuit. Sine-wave pulse-width modulation (SPWM) which uses sine wave as modulation wave and triangular wave as carrier wave is a key technology which based on the theory of pulse-width modulation.
In this paper, the structure and principle of the inverter are analyzed at first. Then a DC-DC-AC two-stage high frequency inverter is designed:The input voltage12V DC boost to370V DC using a push-pull circuit; Then the370V DC is turned into220V/50Hz AC using a full bridge circuit. The control circuit of the push-pull circuit is based on a PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip SG3525. According to the characteristics of the circuit, the output of this stage is not settled so as to simplify the filter circuit; The full bridge circuit is conventional. Th e method of the full bridge control circuit is the SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) method. The frequency of the SPWM wave is two times of the carrier frequency so that the modulation circuit is simply and the output filter circuit design become easier.
By analyzing and calculating the circuit parameters and making inductance and winding components, this paper designed a DC-DC-AC two-stage high frequency inverter. After installing and debugging it, I eventually get the experimental results and waveform which confirmed the feasibility of the design.
引文
[1]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.1-2
[2]王军生.新能源和可再生能源[R].2009.http://www.in-en.com/finance/html/energy 1602160224586543.html
[3]魏伟.正弦波逆变电源的研究现状和发展趋势[J].电气技术,2008,11：5-6
[4]黄寻.光伏并网逆变器发展情况概述[J].新材料产业,2011.
[5]贺明智,冯轲.光伏逆变器市场、技术与发展趋势[R].电力电子,2008,3：7-11
[6]时璜丽.我国和世界光伏发电技术、产业、市场发展状况比较[J].光伏技术专栏,2004,4：26-29
[6]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.9-15
[7]李伟.数字控制逆变电源的研究与实现[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007
[8]蔡宣三DC/DC开关型功率转换器的基本电路.电源世界,2001,11
[9]R. D. Middlebrook, Power Electronics:Toplogies, etc, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on CAS(International)[J]. IEEE,1981:27-29
[10]R. P. Massey et. al.High Voltage single-Ended DC/DC Converter[R]. PESC 77:156-159
[11]M. K. Kazimierczuk. Optimal Toplogies of Resonant DC/DC Converters[J]. IEEE Trans,1989:363-371
[12]赵磊.三相逆变陀螺电源的研究与设计.[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2004
[13]陈永真,王国玲.基本DC/DC转换器及演化[J].电源世界,2002,11
[14]刑岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关转换技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.79-106
[15]杜中义.半桥式逆变电路抗不平衡能力的分析[C].见：中国电源学会.全国电源学会论文集.1993.138-142
[16]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.55-72
[17]Abraham I. Pressman, Keith Billings, Taylor Morey.Switching Power Supply Design[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2010.143-156
[18]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.37-43
[19]G.Hua et. al. A New Class of ZVS-PWM Converters[J]. High Frequency Power Conversion Confereence Proceedings,1991.244-251
[20]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.173-214
[21]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.98-238
[22]P. Venkatramen. Winding Eddy Currents in Switchmode Power Transformers Due to Rectangular Wave Currents[J]. Proceedings Powercon 11.1984
[23]B.Carsten. High Frequency Conductor Losses in Switchmode Magnetics[M]. High Frequency Power Converter Confrence, pp.1986.155-176
[24]Keith Billings. Switchmode Power Supply Handbook, Chapter 3.64, McGraw-Hill, NewYork.1989
[25]Colonel Wm. T. McLyman. Magnetic Core Selection for Transformers and Inductors, Marcel Dekker, NewYork,1982
[26]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.255-283
[27]K. Billings.Switchmode Power Suplly Handbook, NewYork:McGtaw-Hill,1990
[28]陈道炼DC/AC逆变技术及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.298-313
[29]张友军,陈道炼.新颖的可控谐振阻尼LC输出滤波器[J].电力电子技术,2002,36：50-52
[30]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.稳定电源实用电路选编[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[31]B.Holland.A New Integrated Circuit for Current Mode Control[J]. Proceedings Powercon 10,1993
[32]W. W. Burns, A. K. Ohri. Improving Off Line Converter Performance with Current Mode Control[J]. Proceedings Powercon 10,1993
[33]C. W. Deisch. Simple Switching Control Method Changes Power Converter into a Current Source,1997IEEE
[34]周志敏.逆变电源实用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：53-95
[35]吴皓SPWM技术应用在基于TMS320F2812的SVG中的研究[J].仪器仪表用户,2007
[36]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.387-406
[37]刘凤君.开关死区对SPWM逆变器输出电压波形的影响[J].电源技术应用,2000,12
[2]王军生.新能源和可再生能源[R].2009.http://www.in-en.com/finance/html/energy 1602160224586543.html
[3]魏伟.正弦波逆变电源的研究现状和发展趋势[J].电气技术,2008,11：5-6
[4]黄寻.光伏并网逆变器发展情况概述[J].新材料产业,2011.
[5]贺明智,冯轲.光伏逆变器市场、技术与发展趋势[R].电力电子,2008,3：7-11
[6]时璜丽.我国和世界光伏发电技术、产业、市场发展状况比较[J].光伏技术专栏,2004,4：26-29
[6]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.9-15
[7]李伟.数字控制逆变电源的研究与实现[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007
[8]蔡宣三DC/DC开关型功率转换器的基本电路.电源世界,2001,11
[9]R. D. Middlebrook, Power Electronics:Toplogies, etc, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on CAS(International)[J]. IEEE,1981:27-29
[10]R. P. Massey et. al.High Voltage single-Ended DC/DC Converter[R]. PESC 77:156-159
[11]M. K. Kazimierczuk. Optimal Toplogies of Resonant DC/DC Converters[J]. IEEE Trans,1989:363-371
[12]赵磊.三相逆变陀螺电源的研究与设计.[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2004
[13]陈永真,王国玲.基本DC/DC转换器及演化[J].电源世界,2002,11
[14]刑岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关转换技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.79-106
[15]杜中义.半桥式逆变电路抗不平衡能力的分析[C].见：中国电源学会.全国电源学会论文集.1993.138-142
[16]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.55-72
[17]Abraham I. Pressman, Keith Billings, Taylor Morey.Switching Power Supply Design[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2010.143-156
[18]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.37-43
[19]G.Hua et. al. A New Class of ZVS-PWM Converters[J]. High Frequency Power Conversion Confereence Proceedings,1991.244-251
[20]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.173-214
[21]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.98-238
[22]P. Venkatramen. Winding Eddy Currents in Switchmode Power Transformers Due to Rectangular Wave Currents[J]. Proceedings Powercon 11.1984
[23]B.Carsten. High Frequency Conductor Losses in Switchmode Magnetics[M]. High Frequency Power Converter Confrence, pp.1986.155-176
[24]Keith Billings. Switchmode Power Supply Handbook, Chapter 3.64, McGraw-Hill, NewYork.1989
[25]Colonel Wm. T. McLyman. Magnetic Core Selection for Transformers and Inductors, Marcel Dekker, NewYork,1982
[26]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.255-283
[27]K. Billings.Switchmode Power Suplly Handbook, NewYork:McGtaw-Hill,1990
[28]陈道炼DC/AC逆变技术及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.298-313
[29]张友军,陈道炼.新颖的可控谐振阻尼LC输出滤波器[J].电力电子技术,2002,36：50-52
[30]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.稳定电源实用电路选编[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[31]B.Holland.A New Integrated Circuit for Current Mode Control[J]. Proceedings Powercon 10,1993
[32]W. W. Burns, A. K. Ohri. Improving Off Line Converter Performance with Current Mode Control[J]. Proceedings Powercon 10,1993
[33]C. W. Deisch. Simple Switching Control Method Changes Power Converter into a Current Source,1997IEEE
[34]周志敏.逆变电源实用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：53-95
[35]吴皓SPWM技术应用在基于TMS320F2812的SVG中的研究[J].仪器仪表用户,2007
[36]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.387-406
[37]刘凤君.开关死区对SPWM逆变器输出电压波形的影响[J].电源技术应用,2000,12