建筑能耗简化计算软件（SCBEC）的开发
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摘要
在建筑节能领域,对建筑能耗进行模拟是十分重要的一个部分,目前国内外有很多能耗计算方法、计算软件,目前比较成熟的非稳态能耗计算方法有度日法和温频法,这两种计算方法并不能考虑到系统设备对能耗的影响。而采用了非稳态模拟的计算方法的建筑能耗计算软件中,现在应用比较广泛的主要有DOE-2、EnergyPlus、eQUEST和DeST等,这些软件计算结果的准确度也都存在一定的偏差,另外计算方法较为复杂,计算时间也比较长,使用人员需要经过专门培训。考虑到这些因素,本文中探索了另一种进行建筑能耗模拟的计算方法,即根据德国建筑节能标准DIN V 18599中阐述的建筑全年能耗简化计算方法,开发出了一种新型的建筑能耗计算软件——SCBEC(Simplified Calculation for Building Energy Consumption),力争能够实现开发出一种操作界面友好、操作方法简便、响应快速的计算软件,应用于天津市民用建筑(碳排放)交易。
首先,对建筑能耗的计算原理和方法从数学理论的角度进行了全面阐述,分析了德国建筑节能标准DIN V 18599中的计算结构,指出DIN V 18599中包括的计算内容有照明能耗、室内负荷、采暖系统能耗、空调系统能耗和生活热水能耗,并对每一部分的计算方法进行了详细的说明,此外还对比了某些计算方法与我国现行建筑节能标准中的异同点。
其次,在对建筑能耗计算方法进行明确的基础上,对软件需求和编程环境进行了分析,明确软件的应用对象是设计师和研究人员,确定采用VB.NET作为编程语言,开发环境为Visual Studio 2005。还对软件的界面、框架结构、输入输出参数进行了分析,将建筑节能标准DIN V 18599中的计算方法转化为流程图,作为软件界面设计和程序编写的依据。
然后,根据计算流程图和DIN V 18599标准,完成了SCBEC软件的编写,对软件功能、结构进行了介绍,并以一个算例说明了软件使用方法,详尽分析了照明能耗、室内负荷、采暖系统能耗、空调系统能耗和生活热水能耗等各部分能耗计算的注意事项。
最后,运用SCBEC对天津市一栋实体建筑的能耗进行了计算,同时用EnergyPlus对同一建筑进行能耗模拟,将两种软件的计算结果进行比较,分析计算结果及其产生差异的原因,验证软件的实用性。
In the area of building energy conservation, the simulation of energy consumtion plays an important role. Currently, there are several methods and softwares to calculate building energy. The static methods include Degree-days and BIN methods, and the softwares that are using dynamic methods include DOE-2, EnergyPlus, eQUEST, and DeST. These results generated from the softwares are not accruated enough, and besides, the calculatione period is rather long, let alone the users needs special raining before using.
Considering this, in this paper, another new method of building energy simulation is discussed, namely a simplified whole year building energy consumption method developed on the basis of a German building standard DIN V 18599. A building energy simulation software named SCBEC (Simplified Calculation for Building Energy Consumption) is developed under the theory of the simplified method to make the software user friendly and fast, and above all, applicable to the domestic building energy simulation.
Firstly, the building energy calculation theory is elaborated from the mathematics angles, and the structure of the German building standard DIN V 18599 is discussed. It is pointed out that the German standard includes the calculation methods of lighting, energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones, delivered energy for ventilation systems, delivered energy for heating systems, delivered energy for domestic hot water system. Calculation methods of every type of energy are fully discribed, and some dedails is compared with some domestic building energy conservation standard.
Secondly, after comfirming the calculation theory, the software requirements is analyzed and the chosen programming language is VB.NET and the chosen programming environment is Visual Studio 2005. After analyzing the structure and parameters of the software, the calculation formula in DIN V 18599 is translated into flow chart as the foundation of software programming.
Thirdly, the programming of SCBEC is finished according to the flow charts and formulas. The function and structure of SCBEC is introducted. And an example file is listed to explan the operation of the software and the notification while using the software.
Finally, SCBEC is used to calculate the energy consumption of an existing buiding in Tianjin. And at the same time, the energy consumption of the same building is calculated using the most widely accepted building energy simulation software EnergyPlus. And simulation the results of the two software is then compared with each other to analyze the reason of the difference.
首先,对建筑能耗的计算原理和方法从数学理论的角度进行了全面阐述,分析了德国建筑节能标准DIN V 18599中的计算结构,指出DIN V 18599中包括的计算内容有照明能耗、室内负荷、采暖系统能耗、空调系统能耗和生活热水能耗,并对每一部分的计算方法进行了详细的说明,此外还对比了某些计算方法与我国现行建筑节能标准中的异同点。
其次,在对建筑能耗计算方法进行明确的基础上,对软件需求和编程环境进行了分析,明确软件的应用对象是设计师和研究人员,确定采用VB.NET作为编程语言,开发环境为Visual Studio 2005。还对软件的界面、框架结构、输入输出参数进行了分析,将建筑节能标准DIN V 18599中的计算方法转化为流程图,作为软件界面设计和程序编写的依据。
然后,根据计算流程图和DIN V 18599标准,完成了SCBEC软件的编写,对软件功能、结构进行了介绍,并以一个算例说明了软件使用方法,详尽分析了照明能耗、室内负荷、采暖系统能耗、空调系统能耗和生活热水能耗等各部分能耗计算的注意事项。
最后,运用SCBEC对天津市一栋实体建筑的能耗进行了计算,同时用EnergyPlus对同一建筑进行能耗模拟,将两种软件的计算结果进行比较,分析计算结果及其产生差异的原因,验证软件的实用性。
In the area of building energy conservation, the simulation of energy consumtion plays an important role. Currently, there are several methods and softwares to calculate building energy. The static methods include Degree-days and BIN methods, and the softwares that are using dynamic methods include DOE-2, EnergyPlus, eQUEST, and DeST. These results generated from the softwares are not accruated enough, and besides, the calculatione period is rather long, let alone the users needs special raining before using.
Considering this, in this paper, another new method of building energy simulation is discussed, namely a simplified whole year building energy consumption method developed on the basis of a German building standard DIN V 18599. A building energy simulation software named SCBEC (Simplified Calculation for Building Energy Consumption) is developed under the theory of the simplified method to make the software user friendly and fast, and above all, applicable to the domestic building energy simulation.
Firstly, the building energy calculation theory is elaborated from the mathematics angles, and the structure of the German building standard DIN V 18599 is discussed. It is pointed out that the German standard includes the calculation methods of lighting, energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones, delivered energy for ventilation systems, delivered energy for heating systems, delivered energy for domestic hot water system. Calculation methods of every type of energy are fully discribed, and some dedails is compared with some domestic building energy conservation standard.
Secondly, after comfirming the calculation theory, the software requirements is analyzed and the chosen programming language is VB.NET and the chosen programming environment is Visual Studio 2005. After analyzing the structure and parameters of the software, the calculation formula in DIN V 18599 is translated into flow chart as the foundation of software programming.
Thirdly, the programming of SCBEC is finished according to the flow charts and formulas. The function and structure of SCBEC is introducted. And an example file is listed to explan the operation of the software and the notification while using the software.
Finally, SCBEC is used to calculate the energy consumption of an existing buiding in Tianjin. And at the same time, the energy consumption of the same building is calculated using the most widely accepted building energy simulation software EnergyPlus. And simulation the results of the two software is then compared with each other to analyze the reason of the difference.
引文
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