延吉市社区14岁以下儿童支气管哮喘患病情况的调查分析
摘要
目的了解延吉市社区0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘患病情况、哮喘的相关因素及对儿童、家庭社会的影响。
方法随机选择延吉市两个社区的0-14岁儿童家长1000名,进行哮喘知识问卷调查,收集资料进行统计学分析。
结果(1)本次调查实际发放问卷1000份,经剔除不合格的调查表,有效回答率为98.5%(968名)。此次调查共筛选出哮喘疾病患者27例,其中≤3岁6例、>3岁21例,累计发病率为2.87%。男性患病率为2.99%(15例),女性患病率为2.56%(12例)。(2)哮喘发作的主要诱因中居前四位的分别为：上呼吸道感染为13例,占48.1%；与季节变换有关的8例,占29.6%；与过敏体质有关的4例,占14.8%；与情绪、剧烈运动有关的2例,占7.4%。(3)968名被调查的儿童居住情况：其中约半数儿童与父母一起居住,与父/母单独居住的占23%。家庭成员为3人的57.3%,说明在该调查中为独生子女的人数占较高比例。(4)父母及直系亲属中患有哮喘病的有6例,占22.2%；食物过敏的有11人,占40.7%,多数以鱼、虾为主,药物过敏(如青霉素、磺胺类等)的有9例,占33.3%。(5)食入性变应原及吸入性变应原的调查发现：居食入性变应原前三位的为鲜虾、淡水鱼、鸡蛋；居吸入性变应原前三位的是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、花粉。(6)到医院接受正规治疗的为20人,占74.1%；25人(92.6%)发作时使用过抗生素治疗；使用过激素治疗的有18人,占66.7%；支气管扩张剂的使用有21人,占77.8%；抗过敏药物的应用有19人,占70.4%；采用中西药结合治疗的为13人,占48.1%。(7)家长对儿童支气管哮喘这种疾病清楚的知道的仅占13.6%；懂一些的占53.0%；不清楚的占33.4%。
结论(1)延吉市社区0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘调查发现,儿童支气管哮喘累计发病率为2.87%。(2)引起哮喘发作的主要诱因中居前四位的分别为：上呼吸道感染、与季节变换有关、过敏体质、与情绪、剧烈运动有关。注意预防上呼吸道感染的发生,有助于减少哮喘的发病。(3)变应原检测过程中发现：居食入性变应原前三位的为鲜虾、淡水鱼、鸡蛋,居吸入性变应原前三位的是：粉尘螨、屋尘螨、花粉。哮喘患儿尽量避免与相应的变应原接触。(4)支气管哮喘患儿多数能够接受医院的正规治疗。(5)延吉市社区家长儿童支气管哮喘知识知晓率偏低,应加强有关支气管哮喘及呼吸道感染知识的宣传。
Objective:To investigate the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city and the common motivations of asthmatic exacerbation and the way how to prevent children with asthma from them.
Methods:1000 parents were random selected in community of Yanji city.They were investigated by condensed questionnaire of asthmas.
Results:It was 2.87% that the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city.21ceases were founded into over 3 years group and the other 6 cases into infantile group. Causes were corrected by query sheets and investigated the potential causes associated with which led to asthmatic exacerbation in children with asthma. Which were significant different in statistics.The important factors that cause asthmatic exacerbation in children with asthma were house mite and powder mite. The important factors of foods were shrimps fishes and eggs.We found that the most of children with asthma were received timely treatment in the hospital. There are 33.4% parents did not how to take care the children with the asthma.
Conclusion:It was 2.87% that the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city. Respiratory tract infection was one of the most common cased led to asthmatic exacerbation. The most of children with asthma were received timely treatment in the hospital. There are 33.4% parents did not how to take care the children with the asthma.Wes should be reduce the risks of respiratory tract infection, keep out of allergens and in hale corticosteriods regulate were available ways the prevent children with asthma from asthmatic exacerbation.
方法随机选择延吉市两个社区的0-14岁儿童家长1000名,进行哮喘知识问卷调查,收集资料进行统计学分析。
结果(1)本次调查实际发放问卷1000份,经剔除不合格的调查表,有效回答率为98.5%(968名)。此次调查共筛选出哮喘疾病患者27例,其中≤3岁6例、>3岁21例,累计发病率为2.87%。男性患病率为2.99%(15例),女性患病率为2.56%(12例)。(2)哮喘发作的主要诱因中居前四位的分别为：上呼吸道感染为13例,占48.1%；与季节变换有关的8例,占29.6%；与过敏体质有关的4例,占14.8%；与情绪、剧烈运动有关的2例,占7.4%。(3)968名被调查的儿童居住情况：其中约半数儿童与父母一起居住,与父/母单独居住的占23%。家庭成员为3人的57.3%,说明在该调查中为独生子女的人数占较高比例。(4)父母及直系亲属中患有哮喘病的有6例,占22.2%；食物过敏的有11人,占40.7%,多数以鱼、虾为主,药物过敏(如青霉素、磺胺类等)的有9例,占33.3%。(5)食入性变应原及吸入性变应原的调查发现：居食入性变应原前三位的为鲜虾、淡水鱼、鸡蛋；居吸入性变应原前三位的是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、花粉。(6)到医院接受正规治疗的为20人,占74.1%；25人(92.6%)发作时使用过抗生素治疗；使用过激素治疗的有18人,占66.7%；支气管扩张剂的使用有21人,占77.8%；抗过敏药物的应用有19人,占70.4%；采用中西药结合治疗的为13人,占48.1%。(7)家长对儿童支气管哮喘这种疾病清楚的知道的仅占13.6%；懂一些的占53.0%；不清楚的占33.4%。
结论(1)延吉市社区0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘调查发现,儿童支气管哮喘累计发病率为2.87%。(2)引起哮喘发作的主要诱因中居前四位的分别为：上呼吸道感染、与季节变换有关、过敏体质、与情绪、剧烈运动有关。注意预防上呼吸道感染的发生,有助于减少哮喘的发病。(3)变应原检测过程中发现：居食入性变应原前三位的为鲜虾、淡水鱼、鸡蛋,居吸入性变应原前三位的是：粉尘螨、屋尘螨、花粉。哮喘患儿尽量避免与相应的变应原接触。(4)支气管哮喘患儿多数能够接受医院的正规治疗。(5)延吉市社区家长儿童支气管哮喘知识知晓率偏低,应加强有关支气管哮喘及呼吸道感染知识的宣传。
Objective:To investigate the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city and the common motivations of asthmatic exacerbation and the way how to prevent children with asthma from them.
Methods:1000 parents were random selected in community of Yanji city.They were investigated by condensed questionnaire of asthmas.
Results:It was 2.87% that the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city.21ceases were founded into over 3 years group and the other 6 cases into infantile group. Causes were corrected by query sheets and investigated the potential causes associated with which led to asthmatic exacerbation in children with asthma. Which were significant different in statistics.The important factors that cause asthmatic exacerbation in children with asthma were house mite and powder mite. The important factors of foods were shrimps fishes and eggs.We found that the most of children with asthma were received timely treatment in the hospital. There are 33.4% parents did not how to take care the children with the asthma.
Conclusion:It was 2.87% that the disease rate of 0-14 years old children with asthma in community of Yanji city. Respiratory tract infection was one of the most common cased led to asthmatic exacerbation. The most of children with asthma were received timely treatment in the hospital. There are 33.4% parents did not how to take care the children with the asthma.Wes should be reduce the risks of respiratory tract infection, keep out of allergens and in hale corticosteriods regulate were available ways the prevent children with asthma from asthmatic exacerbation.
引文
[1]叶任高,陆再英.内科学.第6版[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006：64
[2]全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2003,41(2)：123-127.
[3]王成喜,马健,吴庆凤,等.扬中市儿童支气管哮喘流行病学研究[J].中国医药卫生杂志,2005,6(4)：32-34.
[4]刘丽,鲁继荣,成焕吉,等.长春市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘患病情况调查分析[J].吉林大学学报,2005,31(1)：149-151.
[5]车淑玉,李海霞.儿童支气管哮喘常见变应原调查[J].齐鲁医学杂志,2005,20(6)：520-521.
[6]赵凯,王玉杰,等.儿童支气管哮喘变应原检测分析[J].中国临床医生杂志,2007,35(5)：53-55.
[7]陈壮桂,陈昕,秦秀群,等.儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的常见诱因调查与分析[J].临床医学工程,2009,16(1)：55-58.
[8]于华凤,王广新,韩玉玲,等.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ浓度测定及其临床意义[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(33)：1-3.
[9]Wood BL, Miller, BD, Lim JL, et al.Family relational factors in pediatric depression and asthma:pathways of effect [J]. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006,45(12):1494-502.
[10]尚云晓.儿童支气管哮喘的早期诊断策略[J].国际儿科学杂志,2006,23(1)：70-72.
[11]Fagan jk, Scheff PA,Hryhorczuk D,et al.Prevalence of asthma and other allergic disease in an adoesscent population:association with gender and race [J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2001,86:177-187.
[12]Cohen RT, Canino GJ, Bird HR, et al. Area of residence,birth place and asthma in Pucrto Rican children [J]:Chest,2007,131(15):4-1338.
[13]彭义利,汤兵祥,刘俊刚,等.河南省0～14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(6)：470-471.
[14]王莹,张成梅,陈和斌,等.湖北省城区0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].实用医学,2002,4(1)：78.
[15]刘越.肺炎支原体感染诱发儿童支气管哮喘的临床分析[J].海南医学院学报,2008,14(4)：359-360.
[16]刘红.诱发儿童支气管哮喘的常见因素及对策[J].中医临床研究,2010,2(5)：17-18.
[17]李臻,王乃礼,等.上海市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘临床用药分析[J].河北医科大学学报,2004,25增刊：108-109.
[18]郑礼林,倪陈,陆伟,等.0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].疾病控制杂志,2003,7(5)：409-411.
[19]中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组.儿童支气管哮喘防治常规(试行)[J].中华儿科杂志,2004,42(2)：100-106.
[20]纪经智,陈壮桂,李鸣,等.广州市区哮喘患儿常见吸人性过敏原分析[J].新医学,2007,38(8)：505-506.
[21]Meer G, Janssen NA, Brunekreef B Early childhood environmentrelated to microbial exposure and the occwTence of atopic disease atschool age [J]. Allergy,2005,60(5): 619-625.
[22]Zimmerman B, et al.Total blood eosinophils, serom eosinophicationic protein and eosxinophil protein X in childhood asthma:relation to disease status and therapy. Clin Exp Allergy.1993,23(7):564.
[23]乜庆荣,安晓洁,张爱民,等.支气管哮喘患者气道中白介素-17表达与气道重塑关系的研究[J].中国药物与临床,2010,10(10)：1106-1108.
[24]Meurer JR, Lustig JV, Jacob HJ. Geneticaspects of the etiology and treatment of asthma [J]. Pedi atr Clin North Am,2006,53(4):715-725.
[25]朱志先,梁虹.现代心身疾病治疗学[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2002：126.
[26]常祝革,刘颖.149例儿童支气管哮喘病因分析[J].现代医药卫生杂志,2007,23(22)：3421-3422.
[27]Miraglia Del Giudice M, Pedulla M, Piacentini GL, et al.Atopy and house dust mite sensitization as risk factors for asthma in children [J]. Allergy,2002,57(2): 172.
[28]崔桓,梁东.儿童支气管哮喘的治疗方法[J].中国冶金工业医学杂,2008,25(2)148-149.
[29]杨春洁.儿童支气管哮喘中医中西医结合近期治疗概况[J].河北中医,2006,27(6)：712-713.
[30]胡雪琴,陈青寿.学龄前期儿童支气管哮喘缓解期家庭健康教育[J].全科医学临床与教育.2009,7(6)：674-675.
[1]叶任高,陆再英.内科学.第6版[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006：64
[2]全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2003,41(2)：123-127.
[3]王成喜,马健,吴庆凤,等.扬中市儿童支气管哮喘流行病学研究[J].中国医药卫生杂志,2005,6(4)：32-34.
[4]刘丽,鲁继荣,成焕吉,等.长春市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘患病情况调查分析[J].吉林大学学报,2005,31(1)：149-151.
[5][5]车淑玉,李海霞.儿童支气管哮喘常见变应原调查[J].齐鲁医学杂志,2005,20(6)：520-521.
[6]王辉,程志英.儿童支气管哮喘患者68例变应原检测分析[J].华中医学杂志,2008,32(3)：173-174.
[7]赵凯,王玉杰,等.儿童支气管哮喘变应原检测分析[J].中国临床医生杂志,2007,35(5)：53-55.
[8]陈壮桂,陈昕,秦秀群,等.儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的常见诱因调查与分析[J].临床医学工程,2009,16(1)：55-58.
[9]刘越.肺炎支原体感染诱发儿童支气管哮喘的临床分析[J].海南医学院学报,2008,14(4)：359-360.
[10]常祝革,刘颖.149例儿童支气管哮喘病因分析[J].现代医药卫生杂志,2007,23(22)：3421-3422.
[11]Vakil N,Van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, et al.The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease:a global evidence-based consensus [J].Am J Gastroenterol,2006,101:1900-1920.
[12]于华凤,王广新,韩玉玲,等.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ浓度测定及其临床意义[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(33)：1-3.
[13]卢兴,黄兴楚,宋承东.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TGF-β1和IL-10的变化临床意义[J].医学临床研究,2009,26(2)：231-232.
[14]宁静,牛建平,邹映雪.白介素-10和干扰素γ与儿童支气管哮喘的关系[J].新医学,2006,37(10)：643-644.
[15][15] Zimmerman B, et al.Total blood eosinophils, serom eosinophi cationic protein and eosxinophil protein X in childhood asthma:relation to disease status and therapy. Clin Exp Allergy.1993,23(7):564.
[16]乜庆荣,安晓洁,张爱民,等.支气管哮喘患者气道中白介素-17表达与气道重塑关系的研究[J].中国药物与临床,2010,10(10)：1106-1108.
[17]Romagnani S. Regulation and deregution of human IgE synthesis.1 mmunol
[18]Today,1990,11(9):316-321.
[19]许倩,王榴红.儿童气管哮喘血清过敏原特异性IgE检测分析[J].江苏预防医学,2008,19(3)：57-59.
[20]宋涛,鲁继荣.儿童支气管哮喘与IgA亚类的关系[J].中国医师进修杂志,2006,29(6)：38-39.
[21]Freytag LC, Clements JD. Mucosal adjuvants[J]. Vaccine,2005,23
[22](15)：1804-1813.
[23]孟逸萍.支气管哮喘患者血清SOD、NO水平检测的临床意义[J].吉林医学,2010,31(32)：5780.
[24]李波,韩宏志,石莹,等GPRA基因rs324374位点基因多态性与儿童支气管哮喘的关系[J].吉林大学学报,2007,33(3)：546-573.
[25]宁宇,李波,李善玉,等GPRA基因基因多态性与儿童支气管哮喘的关联性[J].吉林大学学报,2008,34(4)：645-648.
[26]谢庆玲,秦岭,焦伟,等.人类白细胞抗原-B等位基因与儿童支气管哮喘的研究[J].临床荟萃,2007,22(22)：1624-1626.
[27]尚云晓.儿童支气管哮喘的早期诊断策略[J].国际儿科学杂志,2006,23(1)：70-72.
[28]易红.吸入疗法在儿童支气管哮喘治疗中的应用现状[J].现代临床医学,2009,35(2)：91-93.
[29]李凡.表面激素吸入防治支气管哮喘的发作[J].国外医学内科学分册,1997,24(12)：515-517.
[30]褚凤芝,孙艳敏.布地奈德粉吸入剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察与护理[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2008,21(2)：137-138.
[31]陆雅萍,程中华.激素长期吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察[J].基层医学论坛,2008,12：585-586.
[32]张建平,魏金铠,黄东升.儿科药物手册[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,2000,156-169.
[33]杨雅兰,陆建林.盐酸丙卡特罗气雾剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘临床疗效及安全性考察[J].临床医学杂志,2008,17(8)：31-33.
[34]何永忠.匹多莫德防治儿童支气管哮喘的临床疗效观察[J].中国医药指南,2009,7(12)：25-26.
[35]姚文英,侯政.儿童支气管哮喘尘螨脱敏疫苗治疗的护理[J].护理实践与研究,2007,4(9)：520-521.
[36]陈立东,李小钢,黄建萍.吸入皮质激素联合中医辩证论治治疗儿童支气管哮喘疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2007,7(3)：489-490.
[37]Meurer JR, Lustig JV, Jacob HJ. Geneticaspects of the etiology and treatment of asth2ma [J]. Pedi atr Clin North Am,2006,53(4):715-725.
[38]Wood BL, Miller, BD, Lim JL, et al.Family relational factors in pediat ric depression and asthma:pathways of effect [J]. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006,45 (12):1494-502.
[39]华莉,尹红,刘南琼,等.儿童支气管哮喘脱敏疗法与健康教育效果的比较[J].中国基层医药,2007,14(12)：2029-2030.
[40]张宁,刘丽,成焕吉,等.儿童支气管哮喘的家庭健康教育及管理[J].中国妇幼保健,2007,22(8)：1018-1019.
[2]全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2003,41(2)：123-127.
[3]王成喜,马健,吴庆凤,等.扬中市儿童支气管哮喘流行病学研究[J].中国医药卫生杂志,2005,6(4)：32-34.
[4]刘丽,鲁继荣,成焕吉,等.长春市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘患病情况调查分析[J].吉林大学学报,2005,31(1)：149-151.
[5]车淑玉,李海霞.儿童支气管哮喘常见变应原调查[J].齐鲁医学杂志,2005,20(6)：520-521.
[6]赵凯,王玉杰,等.儿童支气管哮喘变应原检测分析[J].中国临床医生杂志,2007,35(5)：53-55.
[7]陈壮桂,陈昕,秦秀群,等.儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的常见诱因调查与分析[J].临床医学工程,2009,16(1)：55-58.
[8]于华凤,王广新,韩玉玲,等.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ浓度测定及其临床意义[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(33)：1-3.
[9]Wood BL, Miller, BD, Lim JL, et al.Family relational factors in pediatric depression and asthma:pathways of effect [J]. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006,45(12):1494-502.
[10]尚云晓.儿童支气管哮喘的早期诊断策略[J].国际儿科学杂志,2006,23(1)：70-72.
[11]Fagan jk, Scheff PA,Hryhorczuk D,et al.Prevalence of asthma and other allergic disease in an adoesscent population:association with gender and race [J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2001,86:177-187.
[12]Cohen RT, Canino GJ, Bird HR, et al. Area of residence,birth place and asthma in Pucrto Rican children [J]:Chest,2007,131(15):4-1338.
[13]彭义利,汤兵祥,刘俊刚,等.河南省0～14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(6)：470-471.
[14]王莹,张成梅,陈和斌,等.湖北省城区0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].实用医学,2002,4(1)：78.
[15]刘越.肺炎支原体感染诱发儿童支气管哮喘的临床分析[J].海南医学院学报,2008,14(4)：359-360.
[16]刘红.诱发儿童支气管哮喘的常见因素及对策[J].中医临床研究,2010,2(5)：17-18.
[17]李臻,王乃礼,等.上海市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘临床用药分析[J].河北医科大学学报,2004,25增刊：108-109.
[18]郑礼林,倪陈,陆伟,等.0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查[J].疾病控制杂志,2003,7(5)：409-411.
[19]中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组.儿童支气管哮喘防治常规(试行)[J].中华儿科杂志,2004,42(2)：100-106.
[20]纪经智,陈壮桂,李鸣,等.广州市区哮喘患儿常见吸人性过敏原分析[J].新医学,2007,38(8)：505-506.
[21]Meer G, Janssen NA, Brunekreef B Early childhood environmentrelated to microbial exposure and the occwTence of atopic disease atschool age [J]. Allergy,2005,60(5): 619-625.
[22]Zimmerman B, et al.Total blood eosinophils, serom eosinophicationic protein and eosxinophil protein X in childhood asthma:relation to disease status and therapy. Clin Exp Allergy.1993,23(7):564.
[23]乜庆荣,安晓洁,张爱民,等.支气管哮喘患者气道中白介素-17表达与气道重塑关系的研究[J].中国药物与临床,2010,10(10)：1106-1108.
[24]Meurer JR, Lustig JV, Jacob HJ. Geneticaspects of the etiology and treatment of asthma [J]. Pedi atr Clin North Am,2006,53(4):715-725.
[25]朱志先,梁虹.现代心身疾病治疗学[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2002：126.
[26]常祝革,刘颖.149例儿童支气管哮喘病因分析[J].现代医药卫生杂志,2007,23(22)：3421-3422.
[27]Miraglia Del Giudice M, Pedulla M, Piacentini GL, et al.Atopy and house dust mite sensitization as risk factors for asthma in children [J]. Allergy,2002,57(2): 172.
[28]崔桓,梁东.儿童支气管哮喘的治疗方法[J].中国冶金工业医学杂,2008,25(2)148-149.
[29]杨春洁.儿童支气管哮喘中医中西医结合近期治疗概况[J].河北中医,2006,27(6)：712-713.
[30]胡雪琴,陈青寿.学龄前期儿童支气管哮喘缓解期家庭健康教育[J].全科医学临床与教育.2009,7(6)：674-675.
[1]叶任高,陆再英.内科学.第6版[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006：64
[2]全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2003,41(2)：123-127.
[3]王成喜,马健,吴庆凤,等.扬中市儿童支气管哮喘流行病学研究[J].中国医药卫生杂志,2005,6(4)：32-34.
[4]刘丽,鲁继荣,成焕吉,等.长春市0-14岁儿童支气管哮喘患病情况调查分析[J].吉林大学学报,2005,31(1)：149-151.
[5][5]车淑玉,李海霞.儿童支气管哮喘常见变应原调查[J].齐鲁医学杂志,2005,20(6)：520-521.
[6]王辉,程志英.儿童支气管哮喘患者68例变应原检测分析[J].华中医学杂志,2008,32(3)：173-174.
[7]赵凯,王玉杰,等.儿童支气管哮喘变应原检测分析[J].中国临床医生杂志,2007,35(5)：53-55.
[8]陈壮桂,陈昕,秦秀群,等.儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的常见诱因调查与分析[J].临床医学工程,2009,16(1)：55-58.
[9]刘越.肺炎支原体感染诱发儿童支气管哮喘的临床分析[J].海南医学院学报,2008,14(4)：359-360.
[10]常祝革,刘颖.149例儿童支气管哮喘病因分析[J].现代医药卫生杂志,2007,23(22)：3421-3422.
[11]Vakil N,Van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, et al.The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease:a global evidence-based consensus [J].Am J Gastroenterol,2006,101:1900-1920.
[12]于华凤,王广新,韩玉玲,等.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ浓度测定及其临床意义[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(33)：1-3.
[13]卢兴,黄兴楚,宋承东.儿童支气管哮喘血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TGF-β1和IL-10的变化临床意义[J].医学临床研究,2009,26(2)：231-232.
[14]宁静,牛建平,邹映雪.白介素-10和干扰素γ与儿童支气管哮喘的关系[J].新医学,2006,37(10)：643-644.
[15][15] Zimmerman B, et al.Total blood eosinophils, serom eosinophi cationic protein and eosxinophil protein X in childhood asthma:relation to disease status and therapy. Clin Exp Allergy.1993,23(7):564.
[16]乜庆荣,安晓洁,张爱民,等.支气管哮喘患者气道中白介素-17表达与气道重塑关系的研究[J].中国药物与临床,2010,10(10)：1106-1108.
[17]Romagnani S. Regulation and deregution of human IgE synthesis.1 mmunol
[18]Today,1990,11(9):316-321.
[19]许倩,王榴红.儿童气管哮喘血清过敏原特异性IgE检测分析[J].江苏预防医学,2008,19(3)：57-59.
[20]宋涛,鲁继荣.儿童支气管哮喘与IgA亚类的关系[J].中国医师进修杂志,2006,29(6)：38-39.
[21]Freytag LC, Clements JD. Mucosal adjuvants[J]. Vaccine,2005,23
[22](15)：1804-1813.
[23]孟逸萍.支气管哮喘患者血清SOD、NO水平检测的临床意义[J].吉林医学,2010,31(32)：5780.
[24]李波,韩宏志,石莹,等GPRA基因rs324374位点基因多态性与儿童支气管哮喘的关系[J].吉林大学学报,2007,33(3)：546-573.
[25]宁宇,李波,李善玉,等GPRA基因基因多态性与儿童支气管哮喘的关联性[J].吉林大学学报,2008,34(4)：645-648.
[26]谢庆玲,秦岭,焦伟,等.人类白细胞抗原-B等位基因与儿童支气管哮喘的研究[J].临床荟萃,2007,22(22)：1624-1626.
[27]尚云晓.儿童支气管哮喘的早期诊断策略[J].国际儿科学杂志,2006,23(1)：70-72.
[28]易红.吸入疗法在儿童支气管哮喘治疗中的应用现状[J].现代临床医学,2009,35(2)：91-93.
[29]李凡.表面激素吸入防治支气管哮喘的发作[J].国外医学内科学分册,1997,24(12)：515-517.
[30]褚凤芝,孙艳敏.布地奈德粉吸入剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察与护理[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2008,21(2)：137-138.
[31]陆雅萍,程中华.激素长期吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察[J].基层医学论坛,2008,12：585-586.
[32]张建平,魏金铠,黄东升.儿科药物手册[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,2000,156-169.
[33]杨雅兰,陆建林.盐酸丙卡特罗气雾剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘临床疗效及安全性考察[J].临床医学杂志,2008,17(8)：31-33.
[34]何永忠.匹多莫德防治儿童支气管哮喘的临床疗效观察[J].中国医药指南,2009,7(12)：25-26.
[35]姚文英,侯政.儿童支气管哮喘尘螨脱敏疫苗治疗的护理[J].护理实践与研究,2007,4(9)：520-521.
[36]陈立东,李小钢,黄建萍.吸入皮质激素联合中医辩证论治治疗儿童支气管哮喘疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2007,7(3)：489-490.
[37]Meurer JR, Lustig JV, Jacob HJ. Geneticaspects of the etiology and treatment of asth2ma [J]. Pedi atr Clin North Am,2006,53(4):715-725.
[38]Wood BL, Miller, BD, Lim JL, et al.Family relational factors in pediat ric depression and asthma:pathways of effect [J]. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006,45 (12):1494-502.
[39]华莉,尹红,刘南琼,等.儿童支气管哮喘脱敏疗法与健康教育效果的比较[J].中国基层医药,2007,14(12)：2029-2030.
[40]张宁,刘丽,成焕吉,等.儿童支气管哮喘的家庭健康教育及管理[J].中国妇幼保健,2007,22(8)：1018-1019.