深水完井油气测试中原油析蜡预测方法研究
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摘要
油气体系中的石蜡沉积一直是石油工业界面临的严峻问题,它伴随着石油生产的各个环节,给石油工业带来很大的危害和损失,石蜡沉积问题已成为一个提高采油速度和原油采收率的较为严重的制约因素。随着油气开发开采向纵深方向的发展,研究和解决蜡沉积问题的紧迫性和必要性愈加突出。
本文是关于深水完井测试中原油析蜡预测方法的研究。我国深水海域蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,但由于深水低温的特殊环境和海上油田高含蜡的特点,给油气的生产、测试等工作带来了许多难题。为此,针对深水作业环境和油气完井测试面临的结蜡技术难题开展了该研究。
首先通过文献资料的调研,了解原油及石蜡的组成和性质,研究石蜡的沉积机理、影响因素及其影响规律,对蜡沉积预测常用的室内实验和数学模型方法分别进行了对比分析,并确定了本文的研究方法为热力学模型预测方法。利用连续热力学分布函数、状态方程和溶液理论对模型的参数进行处理。通过热力学模型的计算得到不同压力条件下的析蜡温度和不同温度下的石蜡沉积量数据,与文献中的实验数据对比发现本文的模拟计算结果比较准确。
将模拟计算结果与井身温度压力分布结合,可形成一套原油析蜡预测的有效方法,从而为解决深水完井测试中面临的结蜡技术难题打下基础。
Wax precipitation is a serious problem encountered in the oil industry all along, which is accompanied in every connection of oil production. The problem of wax precipitation caused great damage and loss to the oil industry, and it had become a very serious factor to restrict the increase of oil production rate and recovery. Along with the oil and gas extraction development deeply and broadly, it is more and more urgent and necessary to study the wax precipitation problem.
This thesis is a study of methods to predict the wax precipitation in the course of well completing test in deep water. Our deep ocean area is containing abundant oil and gas resources. Due to the special environment of low temperature in deep water and the characteristic of high wax content in offshore oil, many problems are encountered in the oil production and test work. So, this study was started in connection with the technical problems encountered.
Firstly, the constitute and nature of oil and wax was found out, the wax deposition mechanism and the influence factors and their decepline were studied, the in-house laboratory and mathematical model methods were contrasted and analyzed by literature investigation. The method of thermodynamic model was chosen to study the wax precipitation in this thesis. The model parameters were solved through continuous thermodynamic distillation function, equotion of state and theory of solution. The data of wax appearance temperature at different pressures and wax precipitation amount at different temperatures were calculated by means of the thermodynamic model, which was in good agreement with the laboratory results.
An effective method could be set up by comparing the data of analog computation and laboratory results, which was the basis to solve the technical problem of wax precipitation in the deep water well completing test.
本文是关于深水完井测试中原油析蜡预测方法的研究。我国深水海域蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,但由于深水低温的特殊环境和海上油田高含蜡的特点,给油气的生产、测试等工作带来了许多难题。为此,针对深水作业环境和油气完井测试面临的结蜡技术难题开展了该研究。
首先通过文献资料的调研,了解原油及石蜡的组成和性质,研究石蜡的沉积机理、影响因素及其影响规律,对蜡沉积预测常用的室内实验和数学模型方法分别进行了对比分析,并确定了本文的研究方法为热力学模型预测方法。利用连续热力学分布函数、状态方程和溶液理论对模型的参数进行处理。通过热力学模型的计算得到不同压力条件下的析蜡温度和不同温度下的石蜡沉积量数据,与文献中的实验数据对比发现本文的模拟计算结果比较准确。
将模拟计算结果与井身温度压力分布结合,可形成一套原油析蜡预测的有效方法,从而为解决深水完井测试中面临的结蜡技术难题打下基础。
Wax precipitation is a serious problem encountered in the oil industry all along, which is accompanied in every connection of oil production. The problem of wax precipitation caused great damage and loss to the oil industry, and it had become a very serious factor to restrict the increase of oil production rate and recovery. Along with the oil and gas extraction development deeply and broadly, it is more and more urgent and necessary to study the wax precipitation problem.
This thesis is a study of methods to predict the wax precipitation in the course of well completing test in deep water. Our deep ocean area is containing abundant oil and gas resources. Due to the special environment of low temperature in deep water and the characteristic of high wax content in offshore oil, many problems are encountered in the oil production and test work. So, this study was started in connection with the technical problems encountered.
Firstly, the constitute and nature of oil and wax was found out, the wax deposition mechanism and the influence factors and their decepline were studied, the in-house laboratory and mathematical model methods were contrasted and analyzed by literature investigation. The method of thermodynamic model was chosen to study the wax precipitation in this thesis. The model parameters were solved through continuous thermodynamic distillation function, equotion of state and theory of solution. The data of wax appearance temperature at different pressures and wax precipitation amount at different temperatures were calculated by means of the thermodynamic model, which was in good agreement with the laboratory results.
An effective method could be set up by comparing the data of analog computation and laboratory results, which was the basis to solve the technical problem of wax precipitation in the deep water well completing test.
引文
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[8]张绍礼.试油技术的形成及发展方向[J].油气井测试,2003,12(6):63-70
[9] Hicks,G.A.Uniform Program Reduces Paraffin Removal Costs[J].Oil&Gas,1990,20:85-90
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[13] Won K.W..Thermodynamic calculation of cloud point temperature and wax phase composition of refined hydrocarbon mixtures,Fluid Phase Equilibr,1989,53:377-396
[14]惠健.凝析气藏石蜡沉积实验研究及现场应用.成都:西南石油学院,2004
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[18]冯异勇.石蜡沉积及清除数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2002
[19]林明,王贤清.石蜡的开发和利用.石油与天然气化工,1995,24(4):219-225
[20] Carnahan,N.F.Paraffin Deposition in Petroleum Production.JPT,1989:1024-1025
[21] Francisco Ramirez,Roberto Greaves,Julio Montilva.Experience using microbubbles- aphron drilling fluid in mature reservoirs of Lake Maracaibo[C].SPE 73710,2002
[22]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2001:397-398
[23]陈绍洲,徐佩若.石油化学.上海:华东化工学院出版社,1993:39-42
[24]权忠舆.有关原油流变性与石油化学的讨论.油气储运,1996,15(10):1-6
[25]张伟,郭平.固相沉积及气-液-固三相相平衡研究发展综述.特种油气藏,2005,12(2):2-4
[26]蔡均猛,张国忠,邢晓凯,等.含蜡原油管道蜡沉积研究进展.油气储运,2002,21(11):12-16
[27]梅海燕,孔祥言,等.预测石蜡沉积的热力学模型.石油勘探与开发,2002,27(1):84-87
[28]高光华,童景山.化工热力学(第2版).北京:清华大学出版社,2007(2):85-90,306-308
[29]马沛生.化工热力学(通用型).北京:化学工业出版社,2005:11-38,89-108,127-132
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