基于TCP的智能小区住宅报警系统研究与实现
摘要
基于RS—485总线的智能小区报警系统在灵活性、集成性以及控制距离等方面存在不足，而且具有干扰严重、系统误报多等特点，极大地影响了系统的发展和推广。因此，开发基于IP网络的报警系统，充分利用综合布线、多协议共容的特点，发挥数字化、网络化、智能化的优势已经成为趋势所在。在IP网络技术飞速发展，网络设施逐步完善的今天，借助于小区以太网络实现智能小区的安防已经显示出其可行性及优越性。
本论文综合利用嵌入式Internet接入技术、数据库、网络编程等技术，设计并实现了一个基于智能小区以太网的住宅报警系统。论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容。
在分析了住宅报警系统的功能需求之后，提出了系统的总体结构，介绍了系统组成，并在对传输层协议TCP和UDP进行比较之后，最终决定使用TCP协议来传输报警数据，以保证系统可靠性，此外，还针对系统报警功能，设计了下层控制器与上层管理中心之间的通信协议；对当前的嵌入式Internet接入技术做了比较和分析后，基于网络微控制器DS80C400实现了一个具有静态IP地址、具备住宅安防报警和紧急求助等功能并提供了简单网络服务(HTTP服务)的报警控制器，详述了探测器状态采集和处理、网络通信、HTTP服务等模块的实现，其中涉及到网络编程、多线程、Web Server等技术；对B／S、C／S系统结构进行了介绍，并提出了以报警信息数据库为核心的上层报警信息管理软件的体系结构，并重点对软件各模块的功能及实现进行了详细描述，还讨论了Visual C++下的数据库编程和网络编程技术；最后讨论了系统的网络安全性问题，并针对报警系统提出了基于防火墙和数据加密的安全体系。
RS-485 based intelligent community alarm system is incapability in some aspects including flexibility, integrity and long distance controllability. Besides, such systems can be heavily disturbed and give a number of incorrect reports. As a result, the development and spreading of such systems has been limited heavily by these characteristics described before. Therefore, it' s necessary to develop an IP based alarm system to take advantage of its many good characteristics, such as generic cabling, multi-protocols compatibility, and digitalization, network and intelligence. Now, as the IP network technology developing quickly and the network facilities getting improved, it' s feasible and benefit of assuring the safety of intelligent community by using the community Ethernet.
A community alarm system based on the intelligent community Ethernet is designed and implemented in this dissertation, in which the Embedded Internet accessing technology, database and network programming technology is applied. This dissertation consists of the following content.
After analyzing the functionality requirements of community alarm system, the system architecture and composition is introduced. After comparing TCP and UDP, TCP is selected to transport the alarm data to guarantee the reliability of system. Furthermore, in order to implement the alarm functionality of system, the communication protocol for communicating between the underlying controlleres and upper management center is designed. After comparing and analyzing the current embedded Internet accessing technologies, an alarm controller based on the network microcontroller DS80C400 is developed, which can provide the security guarding and urgent assisting functionality as well as the HTTP service. The implementation of several modules are described, such as the detector status collecting and processing module, network communication module and HTTP service module, etc.,
and some technology involved are also described including the network programming, multithreading, Web Service technology. After the introduction of B/S and C/S architecture, the architecture of the upper alarm information management software with the core of alarm information database is proposed. And, the functionality and implementation of every module of this software is further explained with more details. In addition, the network and database programming technology with Visual C++ is also introduced. Finally, the network security of this system is discussed, and security architecture based on the firewall and data encryption technology for this alarm system is proposed.
本论文综合利用嵌入式Internet接入技术、数据库、网络编程等技术，设计并实现了一个基于智能小区以太网的住宅报警系统。论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容。
在分析了住宅报警系统的功能需求之后，提出了系统的总体结构，介绍了系统组成，并在对传输层协议TCP和UDP进行比较之后，最终决定使用TCP协议来传输报警数据，以保证系统可靠性，此外，还针对系统报警功能，设计了下层控制器与上层管理中心之间的通信协议；对当前的嵌入式Internet接入技术做了比较和分析后，基于网络微控制器DS80C400实现了一个具有静态IP地址、具备住宅安防报警和紧急求助等功能并提供了简单网络服务(HTTP服务)的报警控制器，详述了探测器状态采集和处理、网络通信、HTTP服务等模块的实现，其中涉及到网络编程、多线程、Web Server等技术；对B／S、C／S系统结构进行了介绍，并提出了以报警信息数据库为核心的上层报警信息管理软件的体系结构，并重点对软件各模块的功能及实现进行了详细描述，还讨论了Visual C++下的数据库编程和网络编程技术；最后讨论了系统的网络安全性问题，并针对报警系统提出了基于防火墙和数据加密的安全体系。
RS-485 based intelligent community alarm system is incapability in some aspects including flexibility, integrity and long distance controllability. Besides, such systems can be heavily disturbed and give a number of incorrect reports. As a result, the development and spreading of such systems has been limited heavily by these characteristics described before. Therefore, it' s necessary to develop an IP based alarm system to take advantage of its many good characteristics, such as generic cabling, multi-protocols compatibility, and digitalization, network and intelligence. Now, as the IP network technology developing quickly and the network facilities getting improved, it' s feasible and benefit of assuring the safety of intelligent community by using the community Ethernet.
A community alarm system based on the intelligent community Ethernet is designed and implemented in this dissertation, in which the Embedded Internet accessing technology, database and network programming technology is applied. This dissertation consists of the following content.
After analyzing the functionality requirements of community alarm system, the system architecture and composition is introduced. After comparing TCP and UDP, TCP is selected to transport the alarm data to guarantee the reliability of system. Furthermore, in order to implement the alarm functionality of system, the communication protocol for communicating between the underlying controlleres and upper management center is designed. After comparing and analyzing the current embedded Internet accessing technologies, an alarm controller based on the network microcontroller DS80C400 is developed, which can provide the security guarding and urgent assisting functionality as well as the HTTP service. The implementation of several modules are described, such as the detector status collecting and processing module, network communication module and HTTP service module, etc.,
and some technology involved are also described including the network programming, multithreading, Web Service technology. After the introduction of B/S and C/S architecture, the architecture of the upper alarm information management software with the core of alarm information database is proposed. And, the functionality and implementation of every module of this software is further explained with more details. In addition, the network and database programming technology with Visual C++ is also introduced. Finally, the network security of this system is discussed, and security architecture based on the firewall and data encryption technology for this alarm system is proposed.
引文
1．黎连业．智能大厦智能小区基础教程．科学出版社，2000
2．黎连业．智能小区九大系统设计与实现．科学出版社，2003
3．徐超汉．住宅小区智能化系统．电子工业出版社，2002
4．廖冬初．基于RS-485总线的单片机控制可燃气体报警装置设计．自动化与仪表，2000．04
5．金银昊．IP网络技术在安防领域的应用及影响．www.dsmag.com
6．吴晓蓉，汪栎，涂时亮．互联网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现．计算机工程，2001．04
7．许军峰．联网型智能小区防盗报警系统．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，2003
8．[美]W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解卷1：协议．机械工业出版社，2000
9．[美]坦尼伯姆，A．S计算机网络(第三版)清华大学出版社，1998
10．都沁萍．解析TCP与UDP协议及其异同．电脑知识与技术，2004．05
11．袁小珂．基于宽带网络的小区智能化系统．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，2003
12．汪翔，袁辉编著．Visual C++实践与提高—网络编程篇．北京铁道出版社，2001
13．热娜吉丽．吐尔地，唐光荣，杨士元．嵌入式系统网络化技术及其在家庭网络中的应用．计算机工程，2002．03
14. Don Loomis.The TINI specification and developer's guide.Pearson Education Corporate Sales Division,2001
15. Dallas Semiconductor.DS80C400 Network Microcontroller
16．姜捷，王永红，凌志浩．TINI的硬件结构和软件环境．单片机与嵌入式技术应用，2002．9
17．郑人杰，殷人昆．软件工程概论．清华大学出版社，1998
18．[美]Al Williams．JAVA2网络协议内幕．中国水利水电出版社，2002
19. Dallas Semiconductor.TINI 1.12 Documentation
20．武延军，赵彬精通ASP网络编程．人民邮电出版社，2000
21．曹晟，蔡自兴．基于C／S与B／S混合软件体系结构的封闭式管理系统的设
计．计算机工程与应用，2004．05
22．杨拥民，陈仲生．基于B／S模式的远程故障诊断系统．机电一体化，2000．6
23．李真文．SQL Server 2000开发人员指南．北京希望电子出版社，2001
24．陈坚，陈伟等．Visual C++网络高级编程．人民邮电出版社，2001
25．刘刀桂，孟繁晶．Visual C++实践与提高—数据库篇．北京铁道出版社，2001
26．[美]David J．Kruglinski，Scot Wingo，George Shepherd．Visual C++6.0技术内幕．北京希望电子出版社，1999
27．[美]William Stallings．密码编码学与网络安全：原理与实践(第二版)．电子工业出版社，2001
28．网络安全概述．www.heidun.com.cn
29．罗军舟．网络地址转换技术的实现与发展．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002．05
30．李海泉，李健．计算机网络安全与加密技术．科学出版社，2001
31．张仲阳．防火墙技术概述．通信世界，1997．10
32．赵新建．计算机网络数据加密技术．信阳示范学院学报(自然科学版)，1995．04
33．GarmsJess，SomerfieldDaniel，庞南．Java安全性编程指南．电子工业出版社，2002
34．刘运，丁晓明．用Rabbit 2000构造用户网关．中国数据通信，2002．07
35．赵望达．串行A／D转换器MAX186原理及其应用．电子质量，2002．08
36．[美]Ben Ezzell．Windows2000环境下Visual C++编程从入门到精通．电子工业出版社，2000
37．徐应跃．基于Internet嵌入技术的智能小区远程监控系统的研究．天津大学硕士研究生学位论文，2001
38．王勇，陈抗生．嵌入式Internet中的协议选择．电信科学，2002．04
39．章琛曦．基于网络技术的嵌入式电梯远程监测系统—嵌入式系统设计．浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文，2002
40．曹计昌，周志坚．基于状态相关的嵌入式因特网安全研究．计算机工程与科学，2003．02
41．Rosemary．智能住宅小区的历史与展望．www.chnibs.com
42．安防科技网．www.secumag.com
43．VC知识库在线杂志．www．vckbase．com
44. The TINI Archives.maillist.dalsemi.com/maillists/tini
45. TINIHttpServer Home Page.www.smartsc.com/TiniHttpServer/index.html
46．中国IT认证实验室．www.chinaitlab.com
47．VC开发大本营．www.csdn.net/dev/Visual C++/
48．电子爱好者．www.etuni.com/data/index.asp
49．美国美信公司．www.maxim-ic.com
50. SUN Java.java.sun.com
51. William A.Arbaugh,Leendert van Doom.Embedded Security:Challenges and Concerns
52. Fred Cohen.Strategic Security Intelligence-Embedded Security. Managing Network Security
53. Prashant Krishnamurthy, Joseph Kabara, Tanapat Anusas- amornkul. Securuty in Wireless Residential NetWorks.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2002.02
54. Sin-Min Tsai,Po-Ching Yang,Shyi-Shiou Wu,Shya-Shiow Sun.A Service of Home Security System on Intelligent Network.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998.11
55．俞良松．运用加密技术保护JAVA源代码．www.ibm.com
56. D.Pellerin,M.Brissaud, G.Grange.Single-chip microcomputer based intelligent sensors for home automation network.IEE Proceedings, 1990.09
57. Atsushi Kara.Secure Remote Access from Office to Home.IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001.10
58. ftp://ftp.dalsemi.com/pub/tini/
2．黎连业．智能小区九大系统设计与实现．科学出版社，2003
3．徐超汉．住宅小区智能化系统．电子工业出版社，2002
4．廖冬初．基于RS-485总线的单片机控制可燃气体报警装置设计．自动化与仪表，2000．04
5．金银昊．IP网络技术在安防领域的应用及影响．www.dsmag.com
6．吴晓蓉，汪栎，涂时亮．互联网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现．计算机工程，2001．04
7．许军峰．联网型智能小区防盗报警系统．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，2003
8．[美]W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解卷1：协议．机械工业出版社，2000
9．[美]坦尼伯姆，A．S计算机网络(第三版)清华大学出版社，1998
10．都沁萍．解析TCP与UDP协议及其异同．电脑知识与技术，2004．05
11．袁小珂．基于宽带网络的小区智能化系统．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，2003
12．汪翔，袁辉编著．Visual C++实践与提高—网络编程篇．北京铁道出版社，2001
13．热娜吉丽．吐尔地，唐光荣，杨士元．嵌入式系统网络化技术及其在家庭网络中的应用．计算机工程，2002．03
14. Don Loomis.The TINI specification and developer's guide.Pearson Education Corporate Sales Division,2001
15. Dallas Semiconductor.DS80C400 Network Microcontroller
16．姜捷，王永红，凌志浩．TINI的硬件结构和软件环境．单片机与嵌入式技术应用，2002．9
17．郑人杰，殷人昆．软件工程概论．清华大学出版社，1998
18．[美]Al Williams．JAVA2网络协议内幕．中国水利水电出版社，2002
19. Dallas Semiconductor.TINI 1.12 Documentation
20．武延军，赵彬精通ASP网络编程．人民邮电出版社，2000
21．曹晟，蔡自兴．基于C／S与B／S混合软件体系结构的封闭式管理系统的设
计．计算机工程与应用，2004．05
22．杨拥民，陈仲生．基于B／S模式的远程故障诊断系统．机电一体化，2000．6
23．李真文．SQL Server 2000开发人员指南．北京希望电子出版社，2001
24．陈坚，陈伟等．Visual C++网络高级编程．人民邮电出版社，2001
25．刘刀桂，孟繁晶．Visual C++实践与提高—数据库篇．北京铁道出版社，2001
26．[美]David J．Kruglinski，Scot Wingo，George Shepherd．Visual C++6.0技术内幕．北京希望电子出版社，1999
27．[美]William Stallings．密码编码学与网络安全：原理与实践(第二版)．电子工业出版社，2001
28．网络安全概述．www.heidun.com.cn
29．罗军舟．网络地址转换技术的实现与发展．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002．05
30．李海泉，李健．计算机网络安全与加密技术．科学出版社，2001
31．张仲阳．防火墙技术概述．通信世界，1997．10
32．赵新建．计算机网络数据加密技术．信阳示范学院学报(自然科学版)，1995．04
33．GarmsJess，SomerfieldDaniel，庞南．Java安全性编程指南．电子工业出版社，2002
34．刘运，丁晓明．用Rabbit 2000构造用户网关．中国数据通信，2002．07
35．赵望达．串行A／D转换器MAX186原理及其应用．电子质量，2002．08
36．[美]Ben Ezzell．Windows2000环境下Visual C++编程从入门到精通．电子工业出版社，2000
37．徐应跃．基于Internet嵌入技术的智能小区远程监控系统的研究．天津大学硕士研究生学位论文，2001
38．王勇，陈抗生．嵌入式Internet中的协议选择．电信科学，2002．04
39．章琛曦．基于网络技术的嵌入式电梯远程监测系统—嵌入式系统设计．浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文，2002
40．曹计昌，周志坚．基于状态相关的嵌入式因特网安全研究．计算机工程与科学，2003．02
41．Rosemary．智能住宅小区的历史与展望．www.chnibs.com
42．安防科技网．www.secumag.com
43．VC知识库在线杂志．www．vckbase．com
44. The TINI Archives.maillist.dalsemi.com/maillists/tini
45. TINIHttpServer Home Page.www.smartsc.com/TiniHttpServer/index.html
46．中国IT认证实验室．www.chinaitlab.com
47．VC开发大本营．www.csdn.net/dev/Visual C++/
48．电子爱好者．www.etuni.com/data/index.asp
49．美国美信公司．www.maxim-ic.com
50. SUN Java.java.sun.com
51. William A.Arbaugh,Leendert van Doom.Embedded Security:Challenges and Concerns
52. Fred Cohen.Strategic Security Intelligence-Embedded Security. Managing Network Security
53. Prashant Krishnamurthy, Joseph Kabara, Tanapat Anusas- amornkul. Securuty in Wireless Residential NetWorks.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2002.02
54. Sin-Min Tsai,Po-Ching Yang,Shyi-Shiou Wu,Shya-Shiow Sun.A Service of Home Security System on Intelligent Network.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998.11
55．俞良松．运用加密技术保护JAVA源代码．www.ibm.com
56. D.Pellerin,M.Brissaud, G.Grange.Single-chip microcomputer based intelligent sensors for home automation network.IEE Proceedings, 1990.09
57. Atsushi Kara.Secure Remote Access from Office to Home.IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001.10
58. ftp://ftp.dalsemi.com/pub/tini/