基于Web的网络教学平台的设计与实现
摘要
随着计算机网络技术的高速发展，使人类有了新的教学途径：网上教学。这种教学方式如今已经成为部分高校和网校教育体系的重要组成部分，而完成网上教学任务的网络教学平台环境也成为现今热门的技术。但由于网络硬件和软件资源的限制，网络教学平台的开发需要建立起一个交互、开放、易用的环境，并且要以尽可能低廉的投入而获得尽可能高效的教学效益。为了达到这两个目标，就要很好的对网络教学平台进行设计与开发。而在现今的几种网络教学平台中以基于web的网络教学平台（非实时网络教学平台）最为经济实用，本文正是在这个前提下研究了基于web网络教学平台的设计与开发。
本文将工作重点放在了网络教学平台的需求，网络教学平台使用的技术及网络教学平台的实现上。本文首先分析了网络教学平台的三种用户：学员，教师，管理员对网络教学平台的主要需求。
从学员角度来说，网络教学平台应该提供给学员选课的功能；在线通过观看课件学习的功能；在线完成作业的功能；在线提交作业并察看评判结果的功能；以及在线测试的功能等。从教师的角度说，网络教学平台应该提供给教师上传课件，管理课件，删除课件的功能；在线出题目并将题目存入题库的功能；从题库中调出题目生成作业和考试卷的功能；与学员在讨论区进行答疑的功能等。从管理员的角度说，网络教学平台应该提供管理教学资源的功能；管理通告的功能；管理用户的功能等。
在网络教学平台实用技术方面，本文着重介绍了基于web网络教学平台经常使用的“三层C/S”模型，这种模型将各类教学资源放在服务器一端，并使用中心数据库统一存放和组织，用户在客户机一端，无须任何配置工作，只须使用浏览器向web服务器代理提出访问请求，服务器审核后通过中间控件与后台数据库链接，把请求服务的教学内容以web页面形式通过浏览器反馈给用户。用户通过对页面进行操作形成下一次的请求。随后文章介绍了“三层C/S”模型的几个组成部分：客户端、应用服务器、数据库服务器的实现技术及在网络教学平台上的应用。
随后本文重点设计与实现“吉林大学教育在线”，分析了实际网络教学平台的实现，并按照通用模块，教师空间模块，学员空间模块，管理员工作室模块四部分分析了网络教学平台的主要功能的实现代码和程序结构。
The development along with the high speed in computer network technical makes that mankind have a new teaching approach: Teaching on the internet. The new method with this kind of teaching has become important to the system constitution and the network teaching platform in parts of university and the network-based university. The environment for completing the teaching mission on internet also becomes the popular technique in present. But due to the restrict of the hardware and software resources in network, the development of the network teaching platform demands to rise an environment for handing over with each other, opening and easily using, and wants to be with the possibly cheap devotion but teaching performance acquiring possibly and efficiently. For attaining these two targets, we shall be good to proceed the design and development of the networks teaching platform .In present, the network teaching platform based on the web ( non-real time network teaching platform) is the most economical and practical . This text researches the design and development of the network teaching platform based on the web.
The need, technique and realization of the network teaching platform is special important in this paper. This paper first analyzes three kinds of roles’ main need of the network teaching platform. The three kinds of roles are: student, teacher and administrator
From the student view, the network teaching platform should provide the functions that students can select elective courses, take a look at the lessons and study online, complete the homework online ,hand over the homework and inspect the result online, test online and so on. Saying from the teacher's angle, the network teaching platform should provide the functions that teachers can spread the lessons, manage the lessons, and delete the lessons; It also should provide the functions that teachers can set questions and put them to the question library online, select questions from the library and then form the homework and test papers, discuss with students in the area of discussion and so on. The network teaching platform should
provide the functions that administrator can manage the teaching resources, public notices, and customers and so on.
In the aspects of practical technique of the network teaching platform, this text emphasizes to introduce the " three tier C/S" model that the network teaching platform based on the web usually uses, this kind of model puts various teaching resources in the server, and uses the center database to unify to deposit and organize , customers are in client machine, they don’t need to do any configure, they only need to request WEB server agent with browser, the server connects with the background database by middleware after examination, then the server passes the teaching courses back to customers with the WEB page form by the browsers, client forms the next application by operating the page. This paper introduces several parts of the “three tier C/S" model later: the client, the application server, the realization technique of the database server and the application on the network education platform.
Later, this paper designs and realizes the ‘Jilin University education online’. It analyzes the realization of the actual network education platform, and the realization codes and the contracture of the procedure of the network education platform according to the four parts: general module, teacher space module piece, student space module, and administrator workroom module.
本文将工作重点放在了网络教学平台的需求，网络教学平台使用的技术及网络教学平台的实现上。本文首先分析了网络教学平台的三种用户：学员，教师，管理员对网络教学平台的主要需求。
从学员角度来说，网络教学平台应该提供给学员选课的功能；在线通过观看课件学习的功能；在线完成作业的功能；在线提交作业并察看评判结果的功能；以及在线测试的功能等。从教师的角度说，网络教学平台应该提供给教师上传课件，管理课件，删除课件的功能；在线出题目并将题目存入题库的功能；从题库中调出题目生成作业和考试卷的功能；与学员在讨论区进行答疑的功能等。从管理员的角度说，网络教学平台应该提供管理教学资源的功能；管理通告的功能；管理用户的功能等。
在网络教学平台实用技术方面，本文着重介绍了基于web网络教学平台经常使用的“三层C/S”模型，这种模型将各类教学资源放在服务器一端，并使用中心数据库统一存放和组织，用户在客户机一端，无须任何配置工作，只须使用浏览器向web服务器代理提出访问请求，服务器审核后通过中间控件与后台数据库链接，把请求服务的教学内容以web页面形式通过浏览器反馈给用户。用户通过对页面进行操作形成下一次的请求。随后文章介绍了“三层C/S”模型的几个组成部分：客户端、应用服务器、数据库服务器的实现技术及在网络教学平台上的应用。
随后本文重点设计与实现“吉林大学教育在线”，分析了实际网络教学平台的实现，并按照通用模块，教师空间模块，学员空间模块，管理员工作室模块四部分分析了网络教学平台的主要功能的实现代码和程序结构。
The development along with the high speed in computer network technical makes that mankind have a new teaching approach: Teaching on the internet. The new method with this kind of teaching has become important to the system constitution and the network teaching platform in parts of university and the network-based university. The environment for completing the teaching mission on internet also becomes the popular technique in present. But due to the restrict of the hardware and software resources in network, the development of the network teaching platform demands to rise an environment for handing over with each other, opening and easily using, and wants to be with the possibly cheap devotion but teaching performance acquiring possibly and efficiently. For attaining these two targets, we shall be good to proceed the design and development of the networks teaching platform .In present, the network teaching platform based on the web ( non-real time network teaching platform) is the most economical and practical . This text researches the design and development of the network teaching platform based on the web.
The need, technique and realization of the network teaching platform is special important in this paper. This paper first analyzes three kinds of roles’ main need of the network teaching platform. The three kinds of roles are: student, teacher and administrator
From the student view, the network teaching platform should provide the functions that students can select elective courses, take a look at the lessons and study online, complete the homework online ,hand over the homework and inspect the result online, test online and so on. Saying from the teacher's angle, the network teaching platform should provide the functions that teachers can spread the lessons, manage the lessons, and delete the lessons; It also should provide the functions that teachers can set questions and put them to the question library online, select questions from the library and then form the homework and test papers, discuss with students in the area of discussion and so on. The network teaching platform should
provide the functions that administrator can manage the teaching resources, public notices, and customers and so on.
In the aspects of practical technique of the network teaching platform, this text emphasizes to introduce the " three tier C/S" model that the network teaching platform based on the web usually uses, this kind of model puts various teaching resources in the server, and uses the center database to unify to deposit and organize , customers are in client machine, they don’t need to do any configure, they only need to request WEB server agent with browser, the server connects with the background database by middleware after examination, then the server passes the teaching courses back to customers with the WEB page form by the browsers, client forms the next application by operating the page. This paper introduces several parts of the “three tier C/S" model later: the client, the application server, the realization technique of the database server and the application on the network education platform.
Later, this paper designs and realizes the ‘Jilin University education online’. It analyzes the realization of the actual network education platform, and the realization codes and the contracture of the procedure of the network education platform according to the four parts: general module, teacher space module piece, student space module, and administrator workroom module.
引文
[1] Walte Green. “Gateway to Educational Materials”, http://www.geminfo.org, 2001.
[2] Education Network Australia, http://www.edna.edu.au.
[3] 魏高山.《三层Client/Server结构分析与应用》.北京.中国邮电出版社.2003.1.
[4] 董小满,温平进.《基于Windows 的网站建设》.北京.清华大学出版社.2001.7.
[5] 黄明.《Java的最新技术——连接SQL的JDBC》.北京.北京电子工业出版社.2003.6.
[6] 陈治.“将优秀的教育资源投入到广阔的社会服务中”.《中国远程教育》.2000.6
[7] 李克东.《新编现代教育技术基础》.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2002.5.
[8] 汪琼.《网上教学支撑平台现状分析》. http://www.vschool.net.cn/elr/wenxian/wx0003.htm. 2003.6.
[9] 余勤, 陈伟琦.《Apache Server机制的研究及应用》.无锡.《江南学院学报》.2000.12
[10] 蔡立军，瞿亮.《ORACLE9I数据库实用教程》.中国水利水电出版社.2004.3
[11] 李明武，郭胜，夏帮贵，吉雷.《JAVASCRIPT&HTML精通网页编程》. 北京希望电子出版社. 2001.3
[2] Education Network Australia, http://www.edna.edu.au.
[3] 魏高山.《三层Client/Server结构分析与应用》.北京.中国邮电出版社.2003.1.
[4] 董小满,温平进.《基于Windows 的网站建设》.北京.清华大学出版社.2001.7.
[5] 黄明.《Java的最新技术——连接SQL的JDBC》.北京.北京电子工业出版社.2003.6.
[6] 陈治.“将优秀的教育资源投入到广阔的社会服务中”.《中国远程教育》.2000.6
[7] 李克东.《新编现代教育技术基础》.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2002.5.
[8] 汪琼.《网上教学支撑平台现状分析》. http://www.vschool.net.cn/elr/wenxian/wx0003.htm. 2003.6.
[9] 余勤, 陈伟琦.《Apache Server机制的研究及应用》.无锡.《江南学院学报》.2000.12
[10] 蔡立军，瞿亮.《ORACLE9I数据库实用教程》.中国水利水电出版社.2004.3
[11] 李明武，郭胜，夏帮贵，吉雷.《JAVASCRIPT&HTML精通网页编程》. 北京希望电子出版社. 2001.3