基于ARM Linux的电力谐波检测算法实现
|
摘要
谐波带来的影响己经严重危及到电力系统的安全、经济、稳定运行。解决谐波污染的关键在于精确实时地确定谐波的成分、幅值和相位等因素。而今普通工业控制计算机已越来越不能满足系统运行的高效性、高实时性、高稳定运行性和高可靠性等要求,给谐波的测量带来误差,因而开发新一代基于ARM平台和嵌入式Linux系统的电力谐波检测装置来满足这些要求显得很重要。
同时,友好的图形界面也己经成为人们普遍关注的一个热点问题。电力谐波检测装置的图形用户系统更是存在着进程独立、网络通信能力、跨平台等特殊需求。在众多的图形用户界面软件中,因QT/Embedded具有跨平台、面向对象、能设计精美的人机界面等优点,系统便选取QT/Embedded作为支撑平台,并解决了QT/Embedded跨平台移植和中文化等问题。
因频谱泄露和栅栏效应以及系统基本频率的波动,普通的FFT算法不能准确测量谐波和间谐波成份。为了提高测量精度,本文先用频域插值法确定系统的基本频率,以及插值多项式方法重构时域采样信号,接下来用FFT计算整数次谐波成份,以及频域插值方法计算间谐波成份。
系统选用长沙科瑞捷机电有限公司提供的基于ARM处理器的SAM7430模块,在此基础上开发谐波检测软件,包括数据采集、FFT分析以及界面显示程序。经初步调试系统工作稳定可靠,具有一定的实用参考价值。
The impact of harmonics has been a serious threat to security, economic, and stable operation of power system. To solve the harmonic pollution lies in the accurate, real-time to determine the composition, amplitude and phase of harmonics. Now the general industrial control computer has become increasingly unable to satisfy the requirements of high effects, high real-time, high stable and high reliability of systems operation, and brings to the harmonic measurement error. Thus to develop a new generation of power harmonics detection devices based ARM and embedded Linux system to meet these requirements is very important.
At the same time, a friendly graphical interface becomes a hot issue. Graphical user in power harmonics detection devices has such special demands as process independence, network communications, cross-platform. The QT/Embedded has advantages of cross-platform, object-oriented, and etc., so the system will select the QT/Embedded as a supporting platform, and solved its cross-platform migration and Chinese Localization.
Because of spectral leakage and picked-fence effects associated with the system fundamental frequency variation, a direct application of the FFT algorithm may lead to inaccurate results for measuring harmonics and interharmonics. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a frequency-domain interpolation approach is adopted to determine the system fundamental frequency, and the polynomial interpolation method is applied to reconstruct the sampled time-domain signal,it is followed by using the FFT to calculate the actual harmonic components. Then, the frequency-domain interpolation is again applied to find the interharmonic components.
The System selected SAM7430 based on the ARM processor, on this platform, the harmonic detection software including data acquisition, FFT analysis and graphical interface is developed. The initial testing proved that the system can work reliably and has a reference and practical value.
同时,友好的图形界面也己经成为人们普遍关注的一个热点问题。电力谐波检测装置的图形用户系统更是存在着进程独立、网络通信能力、跨平台等特殊需求。在众多的图形用户界面软件中,因QT/Embedded具有跨平台、面向对象、能设计精美的人机界面等优点,系统便选取QT/Embedded作为支撑平台,并解决了QT/Embedded跨平台移植和中文化等问题。
因频谱泄露和栅栏效应以及系统基本频率的波动,普通的FFT算法不能准确测量谐波和间谐波成份。为了提高测量精度,本文先用频域插值法确定系统的基本频率,以及插值多项式方法重构时域采样信号,接下来用FFT计算整数次谐波成份,以及频域插值方法计算间谐波成份。
系统选用长沙科瑞捷机电有限公司提供的基于ARM处理器的SAM7430模块,在此基础上开发谐波检测软件,包括数据采集、FFT分析以及界面显示程序。经初步调试系统工作稳定可靠,具有一定的实用参考价值。
The impact of harmonics has been a serious threat to security, economic, and stable operation of power system. To solve the harmonic pollution lies in the accurate, real-time to determine the composition, amplitude and phase of harmonics. Now the general industrial control computer has become increasingly unable to satisfy the requirements of high effects, high real-time, high stable and high reliability of systems operation, and brings to the harmonic measurement error. Thus to develop a new generation of power harmonics detection devices based ARM and embedded Linux system to meet these requirements is very important.
At the same time, a friendly graphical interface becomes a hot issue. Graphical user in power harmonics detection devices has such special demands as process independence, network communications, cross-platform. The QT/Embedded has advantages of cross-platform, object-oriented, and etc., so the system will select the QT/Embedded as a supporting platform, and solved its cross-platform migration and Chinese Localization.
Because of spectral leakage and picked-fence effects associated with the system fundamental frequency variation, a direct application of the FFT algorithm may lead to inaccurate results for measuring harmonics and interharmonics. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a frequency-domain interpolation approach is adopted to determine the system fundamental frequency, and the polynomial interpolation method is applied to reconstruct the sampled time-domain signal,it is followed by using the FFT to calculate the actual harmonic components. Then, the frequency-domain interpolation is again applied to find the interharmonic components.
The System selected SAM7430 based on the ARM processor, on this platform, the harmonic detection software including data acquisition, FFT analysis and graphical interface is developed. The initial testing proved that the system can work reliably and has a reference and practical value.
引文
[1]董其国.电能质量技术问答.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,42-54
[2]曹昕鸷.基于ARM的嵌入式系统在电力谐波检测分析中的应用研究: [浙江大学硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学电气工程学院,2006,5-1
[3] Thomas D W P, Woolfson M S.Evaluation of frequency tracking methods. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2001, 16(3): 367–371
[4] Lin H C.Intelligent neural-network-based adaptive power-line conditioner for real-time harmonics filtering. IEE Proc., Gener.Transm. Distrib., 2004, 151(5): 561–567
[5] Lobos T, Kozina T, Koglin H.-J. Power system harmonics estimation using linear least squares method and SVD, IEE Proc.,Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2001, 148(6): 567–570
[6] Aghazadeh R, Lesani H, Sanaye-Pasand M, et al.New technique for fre- quentcy and amplitude estimation of power system signals, IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2005, 152(3):435–440
[7] Agrez D.Weighted multipoint interpolated DFT to improve amplitude estimation of multifrequency signal. IEEE Trans.Instrum. Meas., 2002, 51(2):287–292
[8] Vaseghi S V.Advanced digital signal processing and noise reduction. Newyork: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,2006
[9] Chang G W,ChenC Y, Wu M C.Measuring harmonics by an improved FFT-based algorithm with considering frequency variations.Proc.2006 IEEE Int.Symp.on Circuits and Systems,2001, 1203–1206
[10]孙益辉,符杨,毛盈旎等.基于嵌入式Linux和QT/ Embedded的电力谐波信号采集.电测与仪表,2008,45(515):18-20
[11]张建周,柏嵩,陈伟琦.嵌入式高可靠性通信管理机的设计.电力系统自动化,2007,31(16):94-97
[12]王平,丁力.加窗插值FFT的电网谐波分析算法研究.江苏电机工程,2008,27(2):46-50
[13]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,27-33
[14]孙继藩.基于嵌入式系统的电力系统谐波分析装置的设计:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学控制理论与控制工程,2007,15-18
[15]高超然.电能质量检测仪中基于QT_Embedded的图形用户系统与研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2005,1-2
[16] Gordon E.Carlson.信号与线性系统分析.北京:机械工业出版,2002,602-603
[17]赵文春,马伟明,胡安.电机测试中谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报, 2001,21(12) : 83-87,92
[18]杨冠鲁,姚若苹,余尤好.采用加窗插值FFT与逐幅谐波消去法的电机谐波算法.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006, 34(3): 352-356
[19]黄纯,江亚群.谐波分析的加窗插值改进算法.中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(15) : 26-31
[20]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报, 1999, 19(3) : 63-66
[21]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论(I)窗函数研究.电工技术学报, 1994, 2(1) : 50-54
[22]李红伟,李在玉.分析电力系统谐波的加窗插值FFT算法.电工技术杂志, 2004,10: 61-64
[23]侯启方,李艳鹏,刘承志.基于插值FFT算法的电力系统频率高精度测量.电气应用,2007,26(6):99-101
[24] Chang G W, Chen C I, Liu Y J. Measuring power system harmonics and interharmonics by an improved fast Fourier transform-based algorithm. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2008,2(2):192-201
[25] Agrez D.Estimation of periodic signal parameters with interpolated DFT. Electrotech. Rev., 1998,65(5):254–261
[26] Agrez D. Frequency estimation by IDFT and quantization noise. In:Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO’2000.Beijing,2000, 9–14
[27]陈隆道,钱照明,张圣训.周期域分析中非同步取样数据的同步化.电子学报,2001,29(7):950-953
[28]徐鹏煌.基于ARM+Linux的高性能电能质量分析仪:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学电力电子与电力传动,2006,5-10
[29]于杰.基于嵌入式系统的电能质量检测仪:[山东大学硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学电力系统及其自动化,2004,10-15
[30]杨洁洁.嵌入式Linux系统的移植及其根文件系统的实现.漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,48(2):46-50
[31]陈铁军,仇洪冰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式Linux的移植方法.桂林电子工业学院学报,2006,26(4):259-263
[32]张晓林,崔迎炜.嵌入式Linux系统设计与实践.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:1-141
[33]李理,曹好婷.用于ARM9芯片的Linux定制和裁减.西南科技大学学报,2005,20(4):29-31
[34]杨延军.用busybox制作嵌入式Linux的文件系统.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004-11-18
[35]李小波,李磊.ADS7844在低功耗数据采集系统中的应用.国外电子元件,2003,10(2):33-35
[36]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发(基础篇). www.pudn.com,2004-06-07
[37]何剑锋,邬文彪,李宏穆.嵌入式Linux系统的Qt/Embedded图形界面开发.电子工程师,2007,33(7):46-48
[38]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发(入门篇). www.pudn.com,2004-06-07
[39]徐广毅,张晓林,崔迎炜等.嵌入式linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004,(10):11-14
[40]祁献鹏.基于嵌入式QT的中文GUI平台设计:[解放军信息工程大学硕士论文].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2002,16-18
[41]姜品,李平.基于RT-Linux和QT的嵌入式注塑机控制系统设计.工业控制计算机,2003,16(9):27-28
[42]程龙,刘彦明,鲁刚等.Qt/E中文环境的搭建及对常用输入设备的支持.计算机工程,2006,33(15):275-279
[43] Trolltech Inc..QtReference Documentation.http://doc.trolltech.com, 2005-06-07
[2]曹昕鸷.基于ARM的嵌入式系统在电力谐波检测分析中的应用研究: [浙江大学硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学电气工程学院,2006,5-1
[3] Thomas D W P, Woolfson M S.Evaluation of frequency tracking methods. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2001, 16(3): 367–371
[4] Lin H C.Intelligent neural-network-based adaptive power-line conditioner for real-time harmonics filtering. IEE Proc., Gener.Transm. Distrib., 2004, 151(5): 561–567
[5] Lobos T, Kozina T, Koglin H.-J. Power system harmonics estimation using linear least squares method and SVD, IEE Proc.,Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2001, 148(6): 567–570
[6] Aghazadeh R, Lesani H, Sanaye-Pasand M, et al.New technique for fre- quentcy and amplitude estimation of power system signals, IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2005, 152(3):435–440
[7] Agrez D.Weighted multipoint interpolated DFT to improve amplitude estimation of multifrequency signal. IEEE Trans.Instrum. Meas., 2002, 51(2):287–292
[8] Vaseghi S V.Advanced digital signal processing and noise reduction. Newyork: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,2006
[9] Chang G W,ChenC Y, Wu M C.Measuring harmonics by an improved FFT-based algorithm with considering frequency variations.Proc.2006 IEEE Int.Symp.on Circuits and Systems,2001, 1203–1206
[10]孙益辉,符杨,毛盈旎等.基于嵌入式Linux和QT/ Embedded的电力谐波信号采集.电测与仪表,2008,45(515):18-20
[11]张建周,柏嵩,陈伟琦.嵌入式高可靠性通信管理机的设计.电力系统自动化,2007,31(16):94-97
[12]王平,丁力.加窗插值FFT的电网谐波分析算法研究.江苏电机工程,2008,27(2):46-50
[13]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,27-33
[14]孙继藩.基于嵌入式系统的电力系统谐波分析装置的设计:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学控制理论与控制工程,2007,15-18
[15]高超然.电能质量检测仪中基于QT_Embedded的图形用户系统与研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2005,1-2
[16] Gordon E.Carlson.信号与线性系统分析.北京:机械工业出版,2002,602-603
[17]赵文春,马伟明,胡安.电机测试中谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报, 2001,21(12) : 83-87,92
[18]杨冠鲁,姚若苹,余尤好.采用加窗插值FFT与逐幅谐波消去法的电机谐波算法.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006, 34(3): 352-356
[19]黄纯,江亚群.谐波分析的加窗插值改进算法.中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(15) : 26-31
[20]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报, 1999, 19(3) : 63-66
[21]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论(I)窗函数研究.电工技术学报, 1994, 2(1) : 50-54
[22]李红伟,李在玉.分析电力系统谐波的加窗插值FFT算法.电工技术杂志, 2004,10: 61-64
[23]侯启方,李艳鹏,刘承志.基于插值FFT算法的电力系统频率高精度测量.电气应用,2007,26(6):99-101
[24] Chang G W, Chen C I, Liu Y J. Measuring power system harmonics and interharmonics by an improved fast Fourier transform-based algorithm. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2008,2(2):192-201
[25] Agrez D.Estimation of periodic signal parameters with interpolated DFT. Electrotech. Rev., 1998,65(5):254–261
[26] Agrez D. Frequency estimation by IDFT and quantization noise. In:Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO’2000.Beijing,2000, 9–14
[27]陈隆道,钱照明,张圣训.周期域分析中非同步取样数据的同步化.电子学报,2001,29(7):950-953
[28]徐鹏煌.基于ARM+Linux的高性能电能质量分析仪:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学电力电子与电力传动,2006,5-10
[29]于杰.基于嵌入式系统的电能质量检测仪:[山东大学硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学电力系统及其自动化,2004,10-15
[30]杨洁洁.嵌入式Linux系统的移植及其根文件系统的实现.漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,48(2):46-50
[31]陈铁军,仇洪冰.基于S3C2410的嵌入式Linux的移植方法.桂林电子工业学院学报,2006,26(4):259-263
[32]张晓林,崔迎炜.嵌入式Linux系统设计与实践.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:1-141
[33]李理,曹好婷.用于ARM9芯片的Linux定制和裁减.西南科技大学学报,2005,20(4):29-31
[34]杨延军.用busybox制作嵌入式Linux的文件系统.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004-11-18
[35]李小波,李磊.ADS7844在低功耗数据采集系统中的应用.国外电子元件,2003,10(2):33-35
[36]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发(基础篇). www.pudn.com,2004-06-07
[37]何剑锋,邬文彪,李宏穆.嵌入式Linux系统的Qt/Embedded图形界面开发.电子工程师,2007,33(7):46-48
[38]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发(入门篇). www.pudn.com,2004-06-07
[39]徐广毅,张晓林,崔迎炜等.嵌入式linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004,(10):11-14
[40]祁献鹏.基于嵌入式QT的中文GUI平台设计:[解放军信息工程大学硕士论文].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2002,16-18
[41]姜品,李平.基于RT-Linux和QT的嵌入式注塑机控制系统设计.工业控制计算机,2003,16(9):27-28
[42]程龙,刘彦明,鲁刚等.Qt/E中文环境的搭建及对常用输入设备的支持.计算机工程,2006,33(15):275-279
[43] Trolltech Inc..QtReference Documentation.http://doc.trolltech.com, 2005-06-07