基于飞轮储能的并网风电场有功功率及频率控制方法研究
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摘要
为消除风电波动对电网造成的不利影响,实现大规模风电并网并参与系统的频率控制,本文对并网风电场的有功功率及频率控制方法进行了研究。采用飞轮储能的控制方法有效地利用了飞轮储能系统(Flywheel Energy Storage System, FESS)的快速响应能力,在辅助风电场进行有功和频率控制时可以获得良好的控制效果。
本文设计了基于永磁同步电机的飞轮储能系统。永磁电机采用矢量控制方法实现对电磁转矩准确有效的控制。设计了转速控制模块,以保证飞轮的安全运行。研究了飞轮储能系统辅助风电场进行有功功率及一次频率控制时的参考功率计算方法。飞轮储能系统根据参考功率的变化实现电机充放电运行状态的转化,通过对电网侧变流器的控制实现电网与该储能系统的能量交换及单位功率因数运行。变流器均采用空间电亚矢量(SVPWM)控制技术。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了该储能系统的控制模型,进行了风电场并网的有功及频率控制仿真,仿真结果显示该方法可以有效地平缓风电场的有功输出,减小电网的频率偏移。
To eliminate the negative influence of fluctuating wind power on the grid, achieve the connection of large scale wind farm to power grid and make the wind power participate in the frequency control of the system, the active power and frequency control methods of grid-connected wind farm are studied in this paper. The control method by using flywheel energy storage could economize the fast response ability of flywheel energy storage system (FESS), and good control effect can be obtained when active power and frequency control of wind farm is conducted assisted by FESS.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor based flywheel energy storage system is designed in this paper. Vector control method is adopted in the PMSM to achieve the accurate and effective electromagnetic torque control. Rotate speed control module is design to ensure the safe operation of the flywheel. The reference power calculation method of FESS when it assist wind farm with active power and primary frequency control is studied. The operation state of the FESS changes according to the change of reference power. And by controlling the grid side converter, the energy exchange between grid and storage system and unit factor operation are achieved. Space voltage vector control technology is adopted in both converters. Control models of FESS are established in Simulink, and simulation of active power and frequency control of wind farm are conducted. The result shows that this control method could effectively smooth the output of wind farm, and decreases the frequency deviation of grid as well.
本文设计了基于永磁同步电机的飞轮储能系统。永磁电机采用矢量控制方法实现对电磁转矩准确有效的控制。设计了转速控制模块,以保证飞轮的安全运行。研究了飞轮储能系统辅助风电场进行有功功率及一次频率控制时的参考功率计算方法。飞轮储能系统根据参考功率的变化实现电机充放电运行状态的转化,通过对电网侧变流器的控制实现电网与该储能系统的能量交换及单位功率因数运行。变流器均采用空间电亚矢量(SVPWM)控制技术。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了该储能系统的控制模型,进行了风电场并网的有功及频率控制仿真,仿真结果显示该方法可以有效地平缓风电场的有功输出,减小电网的频率偏移。
To eliminate the negative influence of fluctuating wind power on the grid, achieve the connection of large scale wind farm to power grid and make the wind power participate in the frequency control of the system, the active power and frequency control methods of grid-connected wind farm are studied in this paper. The control method by using flywheel energy storage could economize the fast response ability of flywheel energy storage system (FESS), and good control effect can be obtained when active power and frequency control of wind farm is conducted assisted by FESS.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor based flywheel energy storage system is designed in this paper. Vector control method is adopted in the PMSM to achieve the accurate and effective electromagnetic torque control. Rotate speed control module is design to ensure the safe operation of the flywheel. The reference power calculation method of FESS when it assist wind farm with active power and primary frequency control is studied. The operation state of the FESS changes according to the change of reference power. And by controlling the grid side converter, the energy exchange between grid and storage system and unit factor operation are achieved. Space voltage vector control technology is adopted in both converters. Control models of FESS are established in Simulink, and simulation of active power and frequency control of wind farm are conducted. The result shows that this control method could effectively smooth the output of wind farm, and decreases the frequency deviation of grid as well.
引文
[1]何柞麻,王亚楠.风力发电我国能源可持续发展的现实选择.中国三峡建设,2005,(5)：27-30.
[2]规划七大基地欲打造风电“三峡”.电源世界.2009
[3]李俊峰,施鹏飞,高虎.中国风电发展报告2010.[M]海南出版社,2010
[4]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbod,国外风力发电导则及动态模型简介[J]电力系统自动化,2005,29(12)
[5]G.Lalor,A.Mullane,M.O'Malley. Frequency control and wind turbine technologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1905-1913.
[6]韩民晓,崔军立,姚蜀军等.大量风电引入电网时的频率控制特性.[J]电力系统自动化,32(1),2008
[7]Wei Li, Jeza Joos, Chad Abbey. Wind Power Impact on System Frequency Deviation and an ESS based Power Filtering Algorithm Solution. Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006 IEEE PES:2077-2084
[8]Akhmatov V, Knudsen H, Nielsen A. Advanced simulation of windmills in the electric power supply.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2000,22 (6):421-434.
[9]Ekana Yake J, Enkins N. Comparison of t he response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2004,19 (4):800-802.
[10]Rubira S, Mcculloch. Control method comparison of doubly fed wind generators connected to the grid by asymmetric transmission lines. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2000,36 (4):986-991.
[11]Holdsworth L, Ekana Yake J B, Jenkins N. Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generator2based wind turbines. Wind Energy 2004,7(1):21-35
[12]Dealmeida R G, Pecas Lopes J A. Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22 (3):944-950.
[13]Renl, Chien C, Hung C M, et al. Dynamic reserve allocation for system contingency by DFIG wind farms. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2008,23 (2):729-736.
[14]Mostafa El Mokadem, Vincent Courtecuisse, Christophe Saudemont, et al. Fuzzy Logic Supervisor Based Primary Frequency Control Experiments of a Variable-Speed Wind Generator.2009,24(1),407-417
[15]郭巍,范高锋.大规模风电接入对电力系统调度的影响[J].农村电气化,2008,8
[16]曹军,王虹富,邱家驹.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略.[J]电力系统自动化,33(13),2009
[17]Kayikci M, Mllanovic J V. Dynamic contribution of DFIG-based wind plants to system frequency disturbances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):859-867.
[18]Ekana Yake J, Jenkins N. Comparison of t he response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2004,19 (4):800-802.
[19]关宏亮,迟永宁,王伟胜,等.双馈变速风电机组频率控制的仿真研究.电力系统自动化,2007,31(7)：61-65.
[20]Keung P K, Lip, Banakar H, et al. Kinetic energy of Wind turbine generators for system frequency support. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2009,24 (1):279-287.
[21]Mauricio, J.M, Marano A, Gomez-Exposito A.G. Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2009,24(1):173-179.
[22]Morren J, Dehaans W.H, Kling W.L, et al. Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2006,21 (1):433-434.
[23]Lalor G, Mullane A, Malley M.O. Frequency control and wind turbine technologies. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2005,20 (4):1905-1913.
[24]Nayeem Rahmat Ullah, Torbjorn Thiringer, Daniel Karlsson. Temporary primary frequency control support by variable speed wind turbines potential and applications. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2008,23 (2):601-612.
[25]Hadjipaschalis I, Poullikkas, and Efthimiou V, Overview of current and future energy storage technologies for electric power applications. [J]Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13:1513-1522
[26]沈祖培.飞轮储能——具有广泛应用前景的新型储能方式.[J]电力电子,2003,1(6)
[27]李远景,张安喆.飞轮电池控制技术与发展.[J]科技信息,2008,30,38-39
[28]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术研究的发展现状.[J]太阳能学报,2000,21(4)
[29]陈习坤,汤双清.新型飞轮储能电池在独立运行式风力发电系统中的应用研究.节能,2005(1)：22-25
[30]Cimuca G..O, Saudemont C, Robyns B., Radulescu M. Control and Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator. Industrial Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,2006,52:1074-1085
[31]周龙,齐智平.解决配电网电压暂降问题的飞轮储能单元建模与仿真.[J]电网技术,2009,33(19)
[32]Ludovic Leclercq, Benoit Robyns, Jean-Michel Grave. Control based on fuzzy logic of a flywheel energy storage system associated with wind and diesel generators. [J]Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.2003
[33]Lilia Jerbi, Lotfi Krichen, Abderrazak Ouali.A fuzzy logic supervisor for active and reactive power control of a variable speed wind energy conversion system associated to a flywheel storage system.[J]ELSEVIER B.V./Electric Power Systems Research.2009
[34]张建成,黄立培,陈志业.飞轮储能系统及其运行控制技术研究.[J]中国电机工程学报,2003(3)
[35]魏凤春,张恒,蔡红,陈东明.飞轮储能技术研究。洛阳大学学报,2005,20(2)
[36]Long Zhou, Zhiping Qi. Modeling and control of a flywheel energy storage system for uninterruptible power supply. [C] International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply. SUPERGEN'09:1-6
[37]王秀和.永磁电机.[M]中国电力出版社,2007
[38]周鹗,曾朝晖.高性能永磁同步电机矢量控制系统研究.电机与控制学报,1997,1(1)
[39]袁喻华,王莉.永磁同步电机矢量控制的MATLAB仿真研究.[J]变频器世界,2010,4
[40]郭庆鼎,孙宜标.现代永磁电动机交流伺服系统.[M]中国电力出版,2006
[41]M'onica Chinchilla, Santiago Arnaltes, Juan Carlos Burgos, Control of Permanent-Magnet Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,Vol.21(1)
[42]Chris Chapelsky, Dr.John Salmon, Dr. Andy Knight. Control of a High-inertia Flywheel as part of a high capacity energy storage system. [C] Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECE 2007, Canadian Conference on:1437-1440
[43]解亚飞,程三海,王雪帆等.飞轮储能系统中的能量转换环节及其实现.[J]电机电器技术,2001(1)：26-29
[44]陈大卓,姜建国.基于前馈解耦控制的电压型整流器可逆运行研究.电气自动化,2008,30(6),45-48
[45]郎永强,徐殿国,HADI ANAMREISR等.三相电压型PWM整流器的一种改进前馈控制策略.电机与控制学报,2006,10(2),160-163
[46]张崇巍,张兴[M]PWM整流器及其控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[47]赵振波,李和明.PWM整流器PI参数设计[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(4)：34-37.
[48]张庆范,李瑞来.双PWM变流器中PI参数的设计分析.[J]变频器世界,2005,41-43
[49]明战起,石新春,周国梁.电压型PWM整流器比例积分控制器的参数设计2008,24(9)：19-23
[50]汪万伟,尹华杰,管琳.双闭环矢量控制的电压型PWM整流器参数整定[J]电工技术学报,2010,25(2)：67-72
[51]孙春顺,王耀南,李欣然.飞轮辅助的风力发电系统功率和频率综合控制[J]中国电机工程学报,2008,28(29)：111-116
[52]Gabril O.Cimuca, Christophe Saudemont, Benoit Robyns. Control and Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator. [J]Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on. Vol.53:1074-1085,2006
[53]K.Veszpremi, I.Schmidt. Flywheel Energy Storage Drive for Wind Turbines. [C]Power Electronics and Drives Systems,2007. PEDS 2007, International Conference on. Vol.2:916-923,2007
[2]规划七大基地欲打造风电“三峡”.电源世界.2009
[3]李俊峰,施鹏飞,高虎.中国风电发展报告2010.[M]海南出版社,2010
[4]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbod,国外风力发电导则及动态模型简介[J]电力系统自动化,2005,29(12)
[5]G.Lalor,A.Mullane,M.O'Malley. Frequency control and wind turbine technologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1905-1913.
[6]韩民晓,崔军立,姚蜀军等.大量风电引入电网时的频率控制特性.[J]电力系统自动化,32(1),2008
[7]Wei Li, Jeza Joos, Chad Abbey. Wind Power Impact on System Frequency Deviation and an ESS based Power Filtering Algorithm Solution. Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006 IEEE PES:2077-2084
[8]Akhmatov V, Knudsen H, Nielsen A. Advanced simulation of windmills in the electric power supply.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2000,22 (6):421-434.
[9]Ekana Yake J, Enkins N. Comparison of t he response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2004,19 (4):800-802.
[10]Rubira S, Mcculloch. Control method comparison of doubly fed wind generators connected to the grid by asymmetric transmission lines. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2000,36 (4):986-991.
[11]Holdsworth L, Ekana Yake J B, Jenkins N. Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generator2based wind turbines. Wind Energy 2004,7(1):21-35
[12]Dealmeida R G, Pecas Lopes J A. Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22 (3):944-950.
[13]Renl, Chien C, Hung C M, et al. Dynamic reserve allocation for system contingency by DFIG wind farms. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2008,23 (2):729-736.
[14]Mostafa El Mokadem, Vincent Courtecuisse, Christophe Saudemont, et al. Fuzzy Logic Supervisor Based Primary Frequency Control Experiments of a Variable-Speed Wind Generator.2009,24(1),407-417
[15]郭巍,范高锋.大规模风电接入对电力系统调度的影响[J].农村电气化,2008,8
[16]曹军,王虹富,邱家驹.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略.[J]电力系统自动化,33(13),2009
[17]Kayikci M, Mllanovic J V. Dynamic contribution of DFIG-based wind plants to system frequency disturbances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):859-867.
[18]Ekana Yake J, Jenkins N. Comparison of t he response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2004,19 (4):800-802.
[19]关宏亮,迟永宁,王伟胜,等.双馈变速风电机组频率控制的仿真研究.电力系统自动化,2007,31(7)：61-65.
[20]Keung P K, Lip, Banakar H, et al. Kinetic energy of Wind turbine generators for system frequency support. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2009,24 (1):279-287.
[21]Mauricio, J.M, Marano A, Gomez-Exposito A.G. Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2009,24(1):173-179.
[22]Morren J, Dehaans W.H, Kling W.L, et al. Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2006,21 (1):433-434.
[23]Lalor G, Mullane A, Malley M.O. Frequency control and wind turbine technologies. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2005,20 (4):1905-1913.
[24]Nayeem Rahmat Ullah, Torbjorn Thiringer, Daniel Karlsson. Temporary primary frequency control support by variable speed wind turbines potential and applications. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2008,23 (2):601-612.
[25]Hadjipaschalis I, Poullikkas, and Efthimiou V, Overview of current and future energy storage technologies for electric power applications. [J]Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13:1513-1522
[26]沈祖培.飞轮储能——具有广泛应用前景的新型储能方式.[J]电力电子,2003,1(6)
[27]李远景,张安喆.飞轮电池控制技术与发展.[J]科技信息,2008,30,38-39
[28]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术研究的发展现状.[J]太阳能学报,2000,21(4)
[29]陈习坤,汤双清.新型飞轮储能电池在独立运行式风力发电系统中的应用研究.节能,2005(1)：22-25
[30]Cimuca G..O, Saudemont C, Robyns B., Radulescu M. Control and Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator. Industrial Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,2006,52:1074-1085
[31]周龙,齐智平.解决配电网电压暂降问题的飞轮储能单元建模与仿真.[J]电网技术,2009,33(19)
[32]Ludovic Leclercq, Benoit Robyns, Jean-Michel Grave. Control based on fuzzy logic of a flywheel energy storage system associated with wind and diesel generators. [J]Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.2003
[33]Lilia Jerbi, Lotfi Krichen, Abderrazak Ouali.A fuzzy logic supervisor for active and reactive power control of a variable speed wind energy conversion system associated to a flywheel storage system.[J]ELSEVIER B.V./Electric Power Systems Research.2009
[34]张建成,黄立培,陈志业.飞轮储能系统及其运行控制技术研究.[J]中国电机工程学报,2003(3)
[35]魏凤春,张恒,蔡红,陈东明.飞轮储能技术研究。洛阳大学学报,2005,20(2)
[36]Long Zhou, Zhiping Qi. Modeling and control of a flywheel energy storage system for uninterruptible power supply. [C] International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply. SUPERGEN'09:1-6
[37]王秀和.永磁电机.[M]中国电力出版社,2007
[38]周鹗,曾朝晖.高性能永磁同步电机矢量控制系统研究.电机与控制学报,1997,1(1)
[39]袁喻华,王莉.永磁同步电机矢量控制的MATLAB仿真研究.[J]变频器世界,2010,4
[40]郭庆鼎,孙宜标.现代永磁电动机交流伺服系统.[M]中国电力出版,2006
[41]M'onica Chinchilla, Santiago Arnaltes, Juan Carlos Burgos, Control of Permanent-Magnet Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,Vol.21(1)
[42]Chris Chapelsky, Dr.John Salmon, Dr. Andy Knight. Control of a High-inertia Flywheel as part of a high capacity energy storage system. [C] Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECE 2007, Canadian Conference on:1437-1440
[43]解亚飞,程三海,王雪帆等.飞轮储能系统中的能量转换环节及其实现.[J]电机电器技术,2001(1)：26-29
[44]陈大卓,姜建国.基于前馈解耦控制的电压型整流器可逆运行研究.电气自动化,2008,30(6),45-48
[45]郎永强,徐殿国,HADI ANAMREISR等.三相电压型PWM整流器的一种改进前馈控制策略.电机与控制学报,2006,10(2),160-163
[46]张崇巍,张兴[M]PWM整流器及其控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[47]赵振波,李和明.PWM整流器PI参数设计[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(4)：34-37.
[48]张庆范,李瑞来.双PWM变流器中PI参数的设计分析.[J]变频器世界,2005,41-43
[49]明战起,石新春,周国梁.电压型PWM整流器比例积分控制器的参数设计2008,24(9)：19-23
[50]汪万伟,尹华杰,管琳.双闭环矢量控制的电压型PWM整流器参数整定[J]电工技术学报,2010,25(2)：67-72
[51]孙春顺,王耀南,李欣然.飞轮辅助的风力发电系统功率和频率综合控制[J]中国电机工程学报,2008,28(29)：111-116
[52]Gabril O.Cimuca, Christophe Saudemont, Benoit Robyns. Control and Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator. [J]Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on. Vol.53:1074-1085,2006
[53]K.Veszpremi, I.Schmidt. Flywheel Energy Storage Drive for Wind Turbines. [C]Power Electronics and Drives Systems,2007. PEDS 2007, International Conference on. Vol.2:916-923,2007