东海陆架地形波本征模态和强迫陆架波
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摘要
陆架波的研究对于加深陆架海洋动力学的理解具有重要意义，同时对于提高沿岸水位、流速预报的准确性具有实际应用价值。中国的陆架波研究，虽然自20世纪80年代以来有过相应的研究，但研究相对薄弱，特别是在动力机制及其在实际预报的应用方面，几乎没有相关的工作。东海作为世界上陆架最宽阔的海域之一，陆架波运动是本海区的重要海洋学现象之一，有必要对东海陆架波做进一步深入的研究。
通过理论分析、数值求解及对实测数据的分析表明：在东海存在自由陆架波和强迫陆架波，这种低频的波动是除潮运动以外东海重要的动力学现象之一。
通过求取东海宽陆架地形条件下自由陆架波的解析解，分析了东海自由波动的频散关系。表明在东海陆架上存在一系列的低频波动，此即陆架波各种不同模态。由观测数据分析得到的频散关系能很好的吻合到理论频散图上。理论及计算结果表明在东海宽而缓的地形下，正压Kelvin波占陆架波模态的主导地位，同时存在第一模态地形陆架波（SW1）和第二模态地形陆架波(SW2)。
利用经验模态分解（EMD）方法分析实测水位，发现东海存在2～10天周期不等的低频波动，此波动沿东海沿岸自北向南传播，其相速度与理论得到的相速度相符。
风场对水位的影响甚大，两者之间有很高的相关性。强北风出现对应着水位的急剧升高，这种升高体现在水位的各模态上，水位升高幅度可达几十厘米量级。计算结果表明，强北风引起南向的顺岸流动，此顺岸流对闽浙沿岸流有一定的贡献。
将强迫陆架波理论应用到东海陆架，能很好的模拟东海周期在2～10天的水位及流场波动。总体来看，对顺岸流的模拟结果好于对水位的模拟结果，其原因是水位波动主要由KW模态控制，而顺岸流的波动主要由SW1控制。
东海的低频波动，主要是远处传来的自由波动，但在顺岸向的风速较强时，自由波动被风牵引而转化成强迫波动，同时伴随着水位和顺岸流的剧烈变化。
Continental Shelf Waves (CSW) play an important role in understanding thedynamics of the continental shelf area. It is also of great significance for improvingthe prediction of the sea level and the alongshore current. Although studies on CSWstarted as early as1980s, the research on this topic is still quite rare, especially for thegeneration mechanism and application in sea level and alongshore current predictionin the East China Sea (ECS) which is one of the widest continental shelves in theworld.
Based on analytical theory, numerical solution and data analysis, this workconfirms the existence of free and forced CSW in ECS. This low-frequency waveactivity is one of the most important dynamical processes in ECS.
The dispersion relation in ECS is obtained which shows that there are a set oflow-frequency waves as different modes of CSW. The dispersion relation derivedfrom observation agrees quite well with the analytical results. Analytical theory andnumerical solution indicate that barotropic Kelvin wave plays the dominant role inECS, and the first (SW1) and second (SW2) modes of CSW Shelf Wave are alsoimportant.
By employing the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) scheme, we find thatCSW does exist in ECS, and the periods are from2to10days.
The low-frequency sea level fluctuation is closely related with wind forcings.Large sea level rise always follows the strong north wind in ECS. The amplitude ofthe sea level variation can reach tens centimeters. Numerical solution indicates thatthe alongshore wind can induce a downwind alongshore current.
The wind-forced CSW theory is applied in ECS. Numerical results show that the calculated results can successfully reproduce the sea level variation and downwindflow. The model can simulate alongshore current better than that of the sea level,because the sea level vaariation is mainly due to the Kelvin waves (KW) while thealongshore current is controlled by the Shelf Waves (SW1).
The low-frequency fluctuation in ECS is mainly the free wave. And the freewave can be induced into force wave in the condition of strong alongshore wind.
通过理论分析、数值求解及对实测数据的分析表明：在东海存在自由陆架波和强迫陆架波，这种低频的波动是除潮运动以外东海重要的动力学现象之一。
通过求取东海宽陆架地形条件下自由陆架波的解析解，分析了东海自由波动的频散关系。表明在东海陆架上存在一系列的低频波动，此即陆架波各种不同模态。由观测数据分析得到的频散关系能很好的吻合到理论频散图上。理论及计算结果表明在东海宽而缓的地形下，正压Kelvin波占陆架波模态的主导地位，同时存在第一模态地形陆架波（SW1）和第二模态地形陆架波(SW2)。
利用经验模态分解（EMD）方法分析实测水位，发现东海存在2～10天周期不等的低频波动，此波动沿东海沿岸自北向南传播，其相速度与理论得到的相速度相符。
风场对水位的影响甚大，两者之间有很高的相关性。强北风出现对应着水位的急剧升高，这种升高体现在水位的各模态上，水位升高幅度可达几十厘米量级。计算结果表明，强北风引起南向的顺岸流动，此顺岸流对闽浙沿岸流有一定的贡献。
将强迫陆架波理论应用到东海陆架，能很好的模拟东海周期在2～10天的水位及流场波动。总体来看，对顺岸流的模拟结果好于对水位的模拟结果，其原因是水位波动主要由KW模态控制，而顺岸流的波动主要由SW1控制。
东海的低频波动，主要是远处传来的自由波动，但在顺岸向的风速较强时，自由波动被风牵引而转化成强迫波动，同时伴随着水位和顺岸流的剧烈变化。
Continental Shelf Waves (CSW) play an important role in understanding thedynamics of the continental shelf area. It is also of great significance for improvingthe prediction of the sea level and the alongshore current. Although studies on CSWstarted as early as1980s, the research on this topic is still quite rare, especially for thegeneration mechanism and application in sea level and alongshore current predictionin the East China Sea (ECS) which is one of the widest continental shelves in theworld.
Based on analytical theory, numerical solution and data analysis, this workconfirms the existence of free and forced CSW in ECS. This low-frequency waveactivity is one of the most important dynamical processes in ECS.
The dispersion relation in ECS is obtained which shows that there are a set oflow-frequency waves as different modes of CSW. The dispersion relation derivedfrom observation agrees quite well with the analytical results. Analytical theory andnumerical solution indicate that barotropic Kelvin wave plays the dominant role inECS, and the first (SW1) and second (SW2) modes of CSW Shelf Wave are alsoimportant.
By employing the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) scheme, we find thatCSW does exist in ECS, and the periods are from2to10days.
The low-frequency sea level fluctuation is closely related with wind forcings.Large sea level rise always follows the strong north wind in ECS. The amplitude ofthe sea level variation can reach tens centimeters. Numerical solution indicates thatthe alongshore wind can induce a downwind alongshore current.
The wind-forced CSW theory is applied in ECS. Numerical results show that the calculated results can successfully reproduce the sea level variation and downwindflow. The model can simulate alongshore current better than that of the sea level,because the sea level vaariation is mainly due to the Kelvin waves (KW) while thealongshore current is controlled by the Shelf Waves (SW1).
The low-frequency fluctuation in ECS is mainly the free wave. And the freewave can be induced into force wave in the condition of strong alongshore wind.
引文
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