椎弓根螺钉系统矫治青少年特发性脊柱侧凸对胸廓平衡和肺形态的影响
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摘要
目的：研究后路椎弓根螺钉融合矫形手术对AIS胸弯患者胸廓平衡和肺形态的影响。
方法：第一部分：收集2010年10月—2012年8月收入我院拟行后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术的43例AIS患者，所有患者均为主胸弯为主弯且为右胸弯。主胸弯Cobb角从35.08°到101.87°，平均Cobb角59.43°±16.54°。患者年龄10岁-18岁，平均年龄为（14.87±1.54）岁，其中男12例，女21例。所有患者术前拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT。设计评价胸廓平衡新指标TRMC和TRAT。在正位脊柱全长X线片上测量主胸弯Cobb角、AVB-R和TRMC，应用CT的MPR技术重建顶椎轴状面，在重建平面上测量TRAT、RHI、VT、RAsag，家属对患者行SAQ评分。将TRMC、TRAT与上述测量参数行相关性分析。第二部分：选择病例与第一部分相同，术前检查及资料准备与第一部分相同。在重建顶椎轴状面上测量RAsag、MLdev、RAml，其他参数测量同第一部分。将RAsag、MLdev、RAml与上述参数进行相关性分析并比较其相关系数。第三部分：收集2011年4月—2012年8月在收入我院行后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术的28例AIS患者，所有患者均为主胸弯为主弯且为右胸弯。主胸弯Cobb角从39.71°到101.87°，平均Cobb角61.74°±16.94°。患者年龄10岁-18岁，平均年龄为（15.19±1.56）岁，其中男9例、女19例。所有患者术前拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT，行后路椎弓根螺钉融合矫形术，术后1周拍摄立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT。在X线片上测量手术前后Cobb角、AVB-R和TRMC；在重建顶椎轴状面上测量手术前后CCTA、CVTA、TTA、TRAT、RHI、RAsag和RAml；通过CT三维重建了双侧肺形态，测量了手术前后的Vr、Vl、Vt、LVR、LLH、RLH、和TLH。比较患者手术前后上述测量参数的差异。
结果：TRMC与AVB-R之间的相关性有高度相关性（R=0.94,P﹤0.01）；TRAT与RHI之间的相关性有显著相关性（R=0.613,P﹤0.01）。TRMC与主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、VT和SAQ的相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。TRMC与主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、VT和SAQ的相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。RAsag、MLdev、RAml与主胸弯Cobb角、VT、AVB-R、TRMC、RHI和TRAT相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01），除与TRAT的相关系数比较是MLdev>RAml> RAsag,与其他参数相关系数比较均是RAml> MLdev> RAsag。RAsag、MLdev、RAml与SAQ相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），相关系数比较也是RAml> MLdev> RAsag。在第三部分,患者手术后主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、RAml、AVB-R、RHI、TRMC和TRAT均较术前明显减小，有统计学意义（P﹤0.01，除RAsag的P﹤0.05），术后矫正率分别是79.01％、19.57％、55.27％、57.28％、27.27％、54.21％和45.24％。手术前后VI、Vr、Vt、LVR比较均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后LLH、TLH明显高于术前（P﹤0.01）；术后RLH明显高于术前RLH（P﹤0.05）；术后CCTA明显小于术前CCTA（P﹤0.01）；术后CVTA、TTA和术前相比无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论：TRMC、TRAT是评价胸廓平衡的良好指标。在RAml、RAsag和MLdev三者中，RAml是最好的评价AIS轴状面胸廓畸形的指标。后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合术后，AIS患者的胸廓畸形得到了明显矫正，胸廓平衡得到明显恢复。肺形态在术后也发生了明显改变，双侧肺高度均变高，而肺容积没有变化。
Objectives: To sure the effects on the thoracic balance and lung morphology incorrecting AIS by means of posterior fusion with pedicle screws.
Methods：In the first section,we retrospectively reviewed43thoracic AIS patientswho underwent posterior fusion with pedicle screws in our hospital from October2010to August2012. The main curve of all patients were the main thoracic curve withright-side. The main thoracic curve have a mean angle of59.43°(range35.08°–101.87°,SD of16.54°).There were12males and31females with a mean age ofmean14.87years(range10–18years,SD of1.54).Full-length,standing lateral andanteroposterior radiographs and spinal CT,were available for all patientspreoperatively. We designed two indicators including TRMC and TRAT which areused to evaluate thoracic balance.We measured the Cobb angle of the main thoraciccurve，AVB-R and TRMC by means of anteroposterior radiographs. We reconstructedthe CT sections of apical vertebra by means of MPR technique. We measuredTRAT,RHI,VTand RAsag in the CT sections. The SAQ was performed by the patientsthemselves preoperatively. The correlation analysis were performed between TRMC,TRAT with the above-mentioned parameters. In the second section, all cases weresame with the first section and preoperative examination and data preparation weresame with the first section.We measured RAsag，MLdev and RAml in the CT sectionsof apical vertebra. Other parameters were same with the first section. In the third section,we retrospectively reviewed28thoracic AIS patients who underwent posteriorfusion with pedicle screws in our hospital from apri2011to August2012. The maincurve of all patients were the main thoracic curve with right-side. The main thoraciccurve have a mean angle of61.74°(range39.71°–101.87°,SD of16.94°).There were9males and19females with a mean age of mean15.19years(range10–18years,SD of1.56).Full-length,standing lateral and anteroposterior radiographs and spinalCT,were available for all patients before surgery and1week after surgery. Wemeasured the Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve，AVB-R and TRMC by means ofanteroposterior radiographs before and after surgery. We measuredCCTA,CVTA,TTA,TRAT,RHI,RAsag and RAml in the CT sections of apical vertebrabefore and after surgery. We reconstructed the lung morphology and measuredVr,Vl,Vt,LVR,LLH,RLH,and TLH before and after surgery.We compared thedifference of the above-mentioned parameters.
Results: The correlation between the TRMC and AVB-R was statisticallysignificant(R=0.94,P﹤0.01); the correlation between the TRAT and RHI wasstatistically significant(R=0.613,P﹤0.01). The statistical significance was found inthe correlation between TRMC and TRAT with the Cobb angle of the main thoraciccurve,RAsag,VT and SAQ(P﹤0.01). The statistical significance was found in thecorrelation between RAsag,MLdev and RAml with the Cobb angle of main thoraciccurve, VT,AVB-R,TRMC,RHI and TRAT (P﹤0.01).Except the order of correlationcoefficient between three angles and TRAT was MLdev> RAml> RAsag,the order ofcorrelation coefficient between three angles and other parameters were RAml>MLdev> RAsag. The correlation between RAsag,MLdev and RAml with SAQ wasstatistically significant(P﹤0.05), the order of correlation coefficient was RAml>MLdev> RAsag. In the third section, The Cobb angle of main thoracic curve, RAsag、RAml、AVB-R,RHI,TRMC and TRAT after surgery showed significantly correction compared with these parameters before surgery(P﹤0.01, except RAsag P﹤0.05). Thecorrection rates of these parameters were79.01％,19.57％,55.27％,57.28％,27.27％54.21％and45.24％, respectively. There were no statistical significance about thoseparameters including VI,Vr,Vt and LVR before and after surgery(P>0.05). The LLHand TLH after surgery were higher than those before surgery(P﹤0.01). The RLH aftersurgery were higher than it before surgery(P﹤0.05). There were no statisticalsignificance about CVTA and TTA before and after surgery(P>0.05). The CCTA aftersurgery was smaller than it before surgery(P﹤0.01).
Conclusion：TRMC andTRAT are good parameters evaluating the thoracic balance.RAml is the best parameter evaluating thoracic deformity among RAml,RAsag andMLdev.The thoracic deformity showed significantly correction and the thoracicbalance achieved significantly correction recovering after surgery. The lungmorphology also changed significantly afte surgery. The bilateral lung height werehigher than those before surgery, but the lung volume had no changes.
方法：第一部分：收集2010年10月—2012年8月收入我院拟行后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术的43例AIS患者，所有患者均为主胸弯为主弯且为右胸弯。主胸弯Cobb角从35.08°到101.87°，平均Cobb角59.43°±16.54°。患者年龄10岁-18岁，平均年龄为（14.87±1.54）岁，其中男12例，女21例。所有患者术前拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT。设计评价胸廓平衡新指标TRMC和TRAT。在正位脊柱全长X线片上测量主胸弯Cobb角、AVB-R和TRMC，应用CT的MPR技术重建顶椎轴状面，在重建平面上测量TRAT、RHI、VT、RAsag，家属对患者行SAQ评分。将TRMC、TRAT与上述测量参数行相关性分析。第二部分：选择病例与第一部分相同，术前检查及资料准备与第一部分相同。在重建顶椎轴状面上测量RAsag、MLdev、RAml，其他参数测量同第一部分。将RAsag、MLdev、RAml与上述参数进行相关性分析并比较其相关系数。第三部分：收集2011年4月—2012年8月在收入我院行后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术的28例AIS患者，所有患者均为主胸弯为主弯且为右胸弯。主胸弯Cobb角从39.71°到101.87°，平均Cobb角61.74°±16.94°。患者年龄10岁-18岁，平均年龄为（15.19±1.56）岁，其中男9例、女19例。所有患者术前拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT，行后路椎弓根螺钉融合矫形术，术后1周拍摄立位全脊柱正侧位X线片及脊柱CT。在X线片上测量手术前后Cobb角、AVB-R和TRMC；在重建顶椎轴状面上测量手术前后CCTA、CVTA、TTA、TRAT、RHI、RAsag和RAml；通过CT三维重建了双侧肺形态，测量了手术前后的Vr、Vl、Vt、LVR、LLH、RLH、和TLH。比较患者手术前后上述测量参数的差异。
结果：TRMC与AVB-R之间的相关性有高度相关性（R=0.94,P﹤0.01）；TRAT与RHI之间的相关性有显著相关性（R=0.613,P﹤0.01）。TRMC与主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、VT和SAQ的相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。TRMC与主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、VT和SAQ的相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。RAsag、MLdev、RAml与主胸弯Cobb角、VT、AVB-R、TRMC、RHI和TRAT相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01），除与TRAT的相关系数比较是MLdev>RAml> RAsag,与其他参数相关系数比较均是RAml> MLdev> RAsag。RAsag、MLdev、RAml与SAQ相关性均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），相关系数比较也是RAml> MLdev> RAsag。在第三部分,患者手术后主胸弯Cobb角、RAsag、RAml、AVB-R、RHI、TRMC和TRAT均较术前明显减小，有统计学意义（P﹤0.01，除RAsag的P﹤0.05），术后矫正率分别是79.01％、19.57％、55.27％、57.28％、27.27％、54.21％和45.24％。手术前后VI、Vr、Vt、LVR比较均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后LLH、TLH明显高于术前（P﹤0.01）；术后RLH明显高于术前RLH（P﹤0.05）；术后CCTA明显小于术前CCTA（P﹤0.01）；术后CVTA、TTA和术前相比无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论：TRMC、TRAT是评价胸廓平衡的良好指标。在RAml、RAsag和MLdev三者中，RAml是最好的评价AIS轴状面胸廓畸形的指标。后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合术后，AIS患者的胸廓畸形得到了明显矫正，胸廓平衡得到明显恢复。肺形态在术后也发生了明显改变，双侧肺高度均变高，而肺容积没有变化。
Objectives: To sure the effects on the thoracic balance and lung morphology incorrecting AIS by means of posterior fusion with pedicle screws.
Methods：In the first section,we retrospectively reviewed43thoracic AIS patientswho underwent posterior fusion with pedicle screws in our hospital from October2010to August2012. The main curve of all patients were the main thoracic curve withright-side. The main thoracic curve have a mean angle of59.43°(range35.08°–101.87°,SD of16.54°).There were12males and31females with a mean age ofmean14.87years(range10–18years,SD of1.54).Full-length,standing lateral andanteroposterior radiographs and spinal CT,were available for all patientspreoperatively. We designed two indicators including TRMC and TRAT which areused to evaluate thoracic balance.We measured the Cobb angle of the main thoraciccurve，AVB-R and TRMC by means of anteroposterior radiographs. We reconstructedthe CT sections of apical vertebra by means of MPR technique. We measuredTRAT,RHI,VTand RAsag in the CT sections. The SAQ was performed by the patientsthemselves preoperatively. The correlation analysis were performed between TRMC,TRAT with the above-mentioned parameters. In the second section, all cases weresame with the first section and preoperative examination and data preparation weresame with the first section.We measured RAsag，MLdev and RAml in the CT sectionsof apical vertebra. Other parameters were same with the first section. In the third section,we retrospectively reviewed28thoracic AIS patients who underwent posteriorfusion with pedicle screws in our hospital from apri2011to August2012. The maincurve of all patients were the main thoracic curve with right-side. The main thoraciccurve have a mean angle of61.74°(range39.71°–101.87°,SD of16.94°).There were9males and19females with a mean age of mean15.19years(range10–18years,SD of1.56).Full-length,standing lateral and anteroposterior radiographs and spinalCT,were available for all patients before surgery and1week after surgery. Wemeasured the Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve，AVB-R and TRMC by means ofanteroposterior radiographs before and after surgery. We measuredCCTA,CVTA,TTA,TRAT,RHI,RAsag and RAml in the CT sections of apical vertebrabefore and after surgery. We reconstructed the lung morphology and measuredVr,Vl,Vt,LVR,LLH,RLH,and TLH before and after surgery.We compared thedifference of the above-mentioned parameters.
Results: The correlation between the TRMC and AVB-R was statisticallysignificant(R=0.94,P﹤0.01); the correlation between the TRAT and RHI wasstatistically significant(R=0.613,P﹤0.01). The statistical significance was found inthe correlation between TRMC and TRAT with the Cobb angle of the main thoraciccurve,RAsag,VT and SAQ(P﹤0.01). The statistical significance was found in thecorrelation between RAsag,MLdev and RAml with the Cobb angle of main thoraciccurve, VT,AVB-R,TRMC,RHI and TRAT (P﹤0.01).Except the order of correlationcoefficient between three angles and TRAT was MLdev> RAml> RAsag,the order ofcorrelation coefficient between three angles and other parameters were RAml>MLdev> RAsag. The correlation between RAsag,MLdev and RAml with SAQ wasstatistically significant(P﹤0.05), the order of correlation coefficient was RAml>MLdev> RAsag. In the third section, The Cobb angle of main thoracic curve, RAsag、RAml、AVB-R,RHI,TRMC and TRAT after surgery showed significantly correction compared with these parameters before surgery(P﹤0.01, except RAsag P﹤0.05). Thecorrection rates of these parameters were79.01％,19.57％,55.27％,57.28％,27.27％54.21％and45.24％, respectively. There were no statistical significance about thoseparameters including VI,Vr,Vt and LVR before and after surgery(P>0.05). The LLHand TLH after surgery were higher than those before surgery(P﹤0.01). The RLH aftersurgery were higher than it before surgery(P﹤0.05). There were no statisticalsignificance about CVTA and TTA before and after surgery(P>0.05). The CCTA aftersurgery was smaller than it before surgery(P﹤0.01).
Conclusion：TRMC andTRAT are good parameters evaluating the thoracic balance.RAml is the best parameter evaluating thoracic deformity among RAml,RAsag andMLdev.The thoracic deformity showed significantly correction and the thoracicbalance achieved significantly correction recovering after surgery. The lungmorphology also changed significantly afte surgery. The bilateral lung height werehigher than those before surgery, but the lung volume had no changes.
引文
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