催乳素在子宫内膜异位症免疫学发病机制中作用的研究
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摘要
目的
探讨子宫内膜异位症患者异位病灶的局部免疫状态；探讨子宫内膜异位症患者全身和局部的催乳素水平；探讨催乳素对子宫内膜异位症患者免疫功能状态的调节作用。
方法
1．流式细胞术检测子宫内膜异位症患者异位病灶局部淋巴细胞的数量和表型
选取因卵巢异位囊肿行剖腹手术的子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis，EM)患者共25例，对照组选同期25例因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术的妇女，增殖期12例，分泌期13例。刮取手术切除的EM患者异位内膜组织、在位内膜组织和子宫肌瘤患者(对照组)的在位内膜组织，分离单个核细胞，流式细胞术检测组织中淋巴细胞数量、表型的变化情况。
2．免疫组化法检测EM患者异位病灶局部淋巴细胞的表达情况
选取的病例同上共16例，刮取内膜组织，加入到10％的福尔马林溶液中，乙醇逐级脱水，常规石蜡包埋，留做病理组织学进行内膜组织的形态学鉴定，免疫组化检测子宫内膜组织中人淋巴细胞NK细胞(CD56)和T细胞(CD4、CD8)的表达情况。
3．采用时间分辨的荧光免疫分析法检测EM患者全身外周血和局部异位病灶的催乳素水平
收集16例EM患者的外周血、异位内膜和在位内膜组织，同时取因子宫肌瘤行
Objective
1. To investigate the alteration of local immunity in ectopic focus of endometriosis
2. To investigate the variation of prolactin in system and local in endometriosis
3.To investigate the effect of prolactin in immunological function of endometriosis
Methods
1.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in ectopic focus of endometriosis with flow cytometry detection.
Twenty-five endometrium samples during the proliferative phase and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle were collected from patients with laparoscopically proven endometriosis. And normal endometria collected from women with hysteromyoma kept as the control were studied. Mononuclear cell were separated from endometria.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in endometria were with detected with flow cytometry.
2.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in ectopic focus of endometriosis with immunohistochemical analysis.
Fresh endometria were obtained from the donors as described above. The endometria were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin and saved for histological assessment. The phenotypic studies of lymphocyte subsets in
探讨子宫内膜异位症患者异位病灶的局部免疫状态；探讨子宫内膜异位症患者全身和局部的催乳素水平；探讨催乳素对子宫内膜异位症患者免疫功能状态的调节作用。
方法
1．流式细胞术检测子宫内膜异位症患者异位病灶局部淋巴细胞的数量和表型
选取因卵巢异位囊肿行剖腹手术的子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis，EM)患者共25例，对照组选同期25例因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术的妇女，增殖期12例，分泌期13例。刮取手术切除的EM患者异位内膜组织、在位内膜组织和子宫肌瘤患者(对照组)的在位内膜组织，分离单个核细胞，流式细胞术检测组织中淋巴细胞数量、表型的变化情况。
2．免疫组化法检测EM患者异位病灶局部淋巴细胞的表达情况
选取的病例同上共16例，刮取内膜组织，加入到10％的福尔马林溶液中，乙醇逐级脱水，常规石蜡包埋，留做病理组织学进行内膜组织的形态学鉴定，免疫组化检测子宫内膜组织中人淋巴细胞NK细胞(CD56)和T细胞(CD4、CD8)的表达情况。
3．采用时间分辨的荧光免疫分析法检测EM患者全身外周血和局部异位病灶的催乳素水平
收集16例EM患者的外周血、异位内膜和在位内膜组织，同时取因子宫肌瘤行
Objective
1. To investigate the alteration of local immunity in ectopic focus of endometriosis
2. To investigate the variation of prolactin in system and local in endometriosis
3.To investigate the effect of prolactin in immunological function of endometriosis
Methods
1.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in ectopic focus of endometriosis with flow cytometry detection.
Twenty-five endometrium samples during the proliferative phase and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle were collected from patients with laparoscopically proven endometriosis. And normal endometria collected from women with hysteromyoma kept as the control were studied. Mononuclear cell were separated from endometria.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in endometria were with detected with flow cytometry.
2.The variation of lymphocytic quantity and phenotype in ectopic focus of endometriosis with immunohistochemical analysis.
Fresh endometria were obtained from the donors as described above. The endometria were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin and saved for histological assessment. The phenotypic studies of lymphocyte subsets in
引文
1. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A. Apoptosis and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med, 2003,21(2):165-172
2. Berkkanoglu M,Arici A.Immunology and Endometriosis.American Journal of Reproductive Immunology,2003,50:48-59
3. Somigliana E,Vigano P,Vignali M.Endometriosis and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion:pathological states resulting from aberrant modulation of natural liler cell function? Human Reproduction, 1999,5(1):40-51.
4. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y,et al.Increased killer inhibitory receptor KIR2DLI expression among natural killer cells in women with pelvic endometriosis.Fertil Steril, 2002;77(2):297-302.
5. Gomez-torres MJ,Acien P,Campos A,Velasco I. Embryotoxicity of peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis.Its relation with cytokines and lymphocyte populations.Human Reproduction,2002,17(3):777-781.
6. Cunha-Filho JS, Gross JL, Lemos NA,et al.Prolactin and growth hormone secretion after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone infusion and dopaminergic (DA2) blockade in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis.Hum Reprod, 2002, 17(4):??960-965
7. Dunn CL, Kelly RW, Critchley HO.Decidualization of the human endometrial stromal cell: an enigmatic transformation.Reprod Biomed Online, 2003, 7(2): 151-161
8. Mendez I, Carino C, Diaz L.Prolactin in the immunological system: synthesis and biological effects.Rev Invest Clin,2005 ,57(3):447-456.
9. Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Sen L.Immunological properties of prolactin.Medicina, 2000,60(4):515-20
10. Paul Dmowski W, Braun DP. Immunology of endometriosis.Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2004,18(2):245-263
11. Szyllo K, Tchorzewski H, Banasik M,et al.The involvement of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of endometriotic tissues overgrowth in women with endometriosis. Mediators Inflamm. 2003; 12(3): 131-8.
12. Ho HN,WuMy,Chao KH,et al Dcrease in interferon gamma production and imparirment of T-lymphocyte proliferation in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.Am J Obstet Gynecol,1996,175(5):1236-1241
13. Jones RK,Bulmer JN,Searle RF.Phenotypic and functional studies of leukocytes in human endometrium and endometrisis.Human reproduction Update, 1998,4(5): 702-709
14. Bulmer JN, Jones RK, Searle RF.Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium.Hum Reprod. 1998 ,13(10):2910-5.
15. Gomez-torres MJ,Acien P,Campos A,Velasco I. Embryotoxicity of peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis.Its relation with cytokines and lymphocyte populations.Human Reproduction,2002,17(3):777-781.
16. Koopman LA, Kopcow HD, Rybalov B, et al.Human decidual natural killer cells are a unique NK cell subset with immunomodulatory potential. [J]. Exp Med. 2003 ; 198(8):1201-1217. Heuvel MJ, Xie X, Tayade C, et al.A review of trafficking and activation of uterine natural killer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005,54(6):322-331.
18. Bulmer JN, Jones RK, Searle RF.Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium.Hum Reprod. 1998,13(10):2910-2915
19. Van-Beneden K,Stevenaert F,De-Creus A,et al.Expression of Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 on fetal and adult NKcells.J Immunology ,2001,166:4302-4311
20. Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, et al. Activation of natural killer cells and T cells by NKG2D,a receptor for stress-inducible MICA.Science, 1999,285:727-730
21. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y,et al. Increased killer inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 expression among natural killer cells in women with pelvic endometriosis.Fertil Steril. 2002,77(2):297-302
22. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Oguri H,et al.Aberrant expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and killer inhibitory receptors induces immune tolerance in women with pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril,2002,77(4):679-83.
23. Tanaka T, Utsunomiya T, Bai T,et al.Leptin inhibits decidualization and enhances cell viability of normal human endometrial stromal cells. Int J Mol Med. 2003, 12(1):95-98.
24. Gregoriou G, Bakas P, Vitoratos N, et al. Evaluation of serum prolactin levels in patients with endometriosis and infertility.Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1999,48(1):48-51
25. Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, et al.Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion.Physiol Rev,2000,80(4): 1523-1631
26. Mavoungou E, Bouyou-Akotet MK, Kremsner PGEffects of prolactin and cortisol on natural killer (NK) cell surface expression and function of human natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30).Clin Exp Immunol., 2005 , 139(2):287-96
27. Klemmt PA, Carver JG, Kennedy SH,et al.Stromal cells from endometriotic lesions and endometrium from women with endometriosis have reduced decidualization??capacity. Fertil Steril, 2006,85(3):564-572
28. Oberbeck R, Schmitz D, Wilsenack K, et al.Prolactin modulates survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice. J Surg Res,2003,113(2):248-256
29. Matera L, Mori M, Geuna M,et al. Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defence. J Neuroimmunol,2000,109(1):47-55
30. Sakane T, Suzuki N. Neuro-endocrine-immune axis in human rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp(Warsz). 2000,48(5):417-427.
31. Benjonathan N,Mershon JL,Allen DL ,et al.Extrapituitaty prolaction:distribution, regulation ,functions,and clinical aspects.Endocr Rev, 1996, 17(6):639-669.
32. Zamarripa JM, Bermejo ML, Bustos HH, et al. Expression of oncogenes (c-myc-neu) and prolactin receptor (PRLr) in tissues of women with endometriosis. Ginecol Obstet Mex,2000 ,68:91-96
33. Garzia E, Borgato S, Cozzi V,et al. Lack of expression of endometrial prolactin in early implantation failure: a pilot study. Hum Reprod., 2004 ,19(8): 1911-1916
34. Martinez LB,Leyva MZ,Romero IC, et al. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissures.Acta Obstet Scand 2002;81:5-10.
35. Martinez LB, Leyva MZ, Romero IC. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissues.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002,81(1):5-10
36. Chikanza IC. Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations..Ann NY Acad Sci, 1999,87 (6):119-1130.
37. Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Miranda JM , et al. Prolactin in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2001,10(10):748-756.
38. Brand JM, Frohn C, Cziupka K, et al.Prolactin triggers pro-inflammatory immune responses in peripheral immune cells. Eur Cytokine Netw, 2004 ,15(2):99-1041. Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, et al.Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion, Physiol Rev,2000,80(4):1523-1631
2. Ain R, Tash JS, Soares MJ.Prolactin-like protein-A is a functional modulator of natural killer cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 2003 , 204 (1-2):65-74.
3. Rasmussen CA , O rw ig KE ,V ellucci S. Dual expression of prolactin related protein in decidua and trophoblast tissues during pregnancy in rats. B iolRep rod , 1997,56 (3):647-54
4. Garzia E, Borgato S, Cozzi V,et al. Lack of expression of endometrial prolactin in early implantation failure: a pilot study. Hum Reprod., 2004 ,19(8): 1911-6
5. Mavoungou E, Bouyou-Akotet MK, Kremsner PGEffects of prolactin and cortisol on natural killer (NK) cell surface expression and function of human natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30). Clin Exp Immunol., 2005 , 39(2):287-96
6. Oberbeck R, Schmitz D, Wilsenack K, et al.Prolactin modulates survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice. J Surg Res,2003,113(2):248-256
7. Matera L, Mori M, Geuna M,et al. Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defence. J Neuroimmunol,2000,109( 1) :47-55
8. Jabbour HN, Critchley HO, Boddy SC.Expression of functional prolactin receptors in nonpregnant human endometrium: janus kinase-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), and STAT5 proteins are phosphorylated after stimulation with prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998 ,83(7):2545-53.
9. Tseng L, Mazella J.Prolactin and its receptor in human endometrium.Semin Reprod Endocrinol., 1999,17( 1 ):23-710. Dunn CL, Kelly RW, Critchley HO.Decidualization of the human endometrial stromal cell: an enigmatic transformation.Reprod Biomed Online, 2003 , 7(2): 151-161
11. Tanaka T, Utsunomiya T, Bai T,et al.Leptin inhibits decidualization and enhances cell viability of normal human endometrial stromal cells. Int J Mol Med, 2003, 12 (1):95-98.
12. Martinez LB, Leyva MZ, Romero IC. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissues.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002,81(1 ):5-10
13. Zamarripa JM, Bermejo ML, Bustos HH, et al. Expression of oncogenes (c-myc-neu) and prolactin receptor (PRLr) in tissues of women with endometriosis. Ginecol Obstet Mex,2000 ,68:91-96
14. Gregoriou G, Bakas P, Vitoratos N, et al. Evaluation of serum prolactin levels in patients with endometriosis and infertility. Gynecol Obstet Invest,1999,48(1):48-51
15. Klemmt PA, Carver JG, Kennedy SH,et al.Stromal cells from endometriotic lesions and endometrium from women with endometriosis have reduced decidualization capacity. Fertil Steril, 2006,85(3):564-572
16. Paul Dmowski W, Braun DP. Immunology of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2004,18(2):245-263
17. Mendez I, Carino C, Diaz L.Prolactin in the immunological system: synthesis and biological effects. Rev Invest Clin,2005 ,57(3):447-456.
18. Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Sen L.Immunological properties of prolactin. Medicina, 2000,60(4):515-20
19. Chikanza IC. Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations.Ann NY Acad Sci, 1999,87 (6): 119-1130.
20. Brand JM, Frohn C, Cziupka K, et al.Prolactin triggers pro-inflammatory immune responses in peripheral immune cells. Eur Cytokine Netw, 2004 ,15(2):99-104
21. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A. Apoptosis and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med, 2003 ,21(2): 165-17222. Tseng L , Zhu HH. Progestin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulate the prolactin receptor mRNA in human endometrial stromal cells. J Soc Gynecol Investig, 1998,5 (3):149-55
23. Cunha-Filho JS, Gross JL, Lemos NA,et al.Prolactin and growth hormone secretion after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone infusion and dopaminergic (DA2) blockade in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis. Hum Reprod, 2002, 17(4):960-965
24. Greco E, Pellicano M, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al.Etiopathogenesis of endometriosis related infertility. Minerva Ginecol,2004,56(3):259-270
25. Murray SC, Keeble SC, Muse KN,et al.Regulation of granulosa cell-derived ovarian metalloproteinase inhibitor (s) by prolactin. J Reprod Fertil, 1996,107 (1): 103-108
2. Berkkanoglu M,Arici A.Immunology and Endometriosis.American Journal of Reproductive Immunology,2003,50:48-59
3. Somigliana E,Vigano P,Vignali M.Endometriosis and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion:pathological states resulting from aberrant modulation of natural liler cell function? Human Reproduction, 1999,5(1):40-51.
4. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y,et al.Increased killer inhibitory receptor KIR2DLI expression among natural killer cells in women with pelvic endometriosis.Fertil Steril, 2002;77(2):297-302.
5. Gomez-torres MJ,Acien P,Campos A,Velasco I. Embryotoxicity of peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis.Its relation with cytokines and lymphocyte populations.Human Reproduction,2002,17(3):777-781.
6. Cunha-Filho JS, Gross JL, Lemos NA,et al.Prolactin and growth hormone secretion after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone infusion and dopaminergic (DA2) blockade in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis.Hum Reprod, 2002, 17(4):??960-965
7. Dunn CL, Kelly RW, Critchley HO.Decidualization of the human endometrial stromal cell: an enigmatic transformation.Reprod Biomed Online, 2003, 7(2): 151-161
8. Mendez I, Carino C, Diaz L.Prolactin in the immunological system: synthesis and biological effects.Rev Invest Clin,2005 ,57(3):447-456.
9. Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Sen L.Immunological properties of prolactin.Medicina, 2000,60(4):515-20
10. Paul Dmowski W, Braun DP. Immunology of endometriosis.Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2004,18(2):245-263
11. Szyllo K, Tchorzewski H, Banasik M,et al.The involvement of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of endometriotic tissues overgrowth in women with endometriosis. Mediators Inflamm. 2003; 12(3): 131-8.
12. Ho HN,WuMy,Chao KH,et al Dcrease in interferon gamma production and imparirment of T-lymphocyte proliferation in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.Am J Obstet Gynecol,1996,175(5):1236-1241
13. Jones RK,Bulmer JN,Searle RF.Phenotypic and functional studies of leukocytes in human endometrium and endometrisis.Human reproduction Update, 1998,4(5): 702-709
14. Bulmer JN, Jones RK, Searle RF.Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium.Hum Reprod. 1998 ,13(10):2910-5.
15. Gomez-torres MJ,Acien P,Campos A,Velasco I. Embryotoxicity of peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis.Its relation with cytokines and lymphocyte populations.Human Reproduction,2002,17(3):777-781.
16. Koopman LA, Kopcow HD, Rybalov B, et al.Human decidual natural killer cells are a unique NK cell subset with immunomodulatory potential. [J]. Exp Med. 2003 ; 198(8):1201-1217. Heuvel MJ, Xie X, Tayade C, et al.A review of trafficking and activation of uterine natural killer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005,54(6):322-331.
18. Bulmer JN, Jones RK, Searle RF.Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium.Hum Reprod. 1998,13(10):2910-2915
19. Van-Beneden K,Stevenaert F,De-Creus A,et al.Expression of Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 on fetal and adult NKcells.J Immunology ,2001,166:4302-4311
20. Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, et al. Activation of natural killer cells and T cells by NKG2D,a receptor for stress-inducible MICA.Science, 1999,285:727-730
21. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y,et al. Increased killer inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 expression among natural killer cells in women with pelvic endometriosis.Fertil Steril. 2002,77(2):297-302
22. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Oguri H,et al.Aberrant expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and killer inhibitory receptors induces immune tolerance in women with pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril,2002,77(4):679-83.
23. Tanaka T, Utsunomiya T, Bai T,et al.Leptin inhibits decidualization and enhances cell viability of normal human endometrial stromal cells. Int J Mol Med. 2003, 12(1):95-98.
24. Gregoriou G, Bakas P, Vitoratos N, et al. Evaluation of serum prolactin levels in patients with endometriosis and infertility.Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1999,48(1):48-51
25. Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, et al.Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion.Physiol Rev,2000,80(4): 1523-1631
26. Mavoungou E, Bouyou-Akotet MK, Kremsner PGEffects of prolactin and cortisol on natural killer (NK) cell surface expression and function of human natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30).Clin Exp Immunol., 2005 , 139(2):287-96
27. Klemmt PA, Carver JG, Kennedy SH,et al.Stromal cells from endometriotic lesions and endometrium from women with endometriosis have reduced decidualization??capacity. Fertil Steril, 2006,85(3):564-572
28. Oberbeck R, Schmitz D, Wilsenack K, et al.Prolactin modulates survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice. J Surg Res,2003,113(2):248-256
29. Matera L, Mori M, Geuna M,et al. Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defence. J Neuroimmunol,2000,109(1):47-55
30. Sakane T, Suzuki N. Neuro-endocrine-immune axis in human rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp(Warsz). 2000,48(5):417-427.
31. Benjonathan N,Mershon JL,Allen DL ,et al.Extrapituitaty prolaction:distribution, regulation ,functions,and clinical aspects.Endocr Rev, 1996, 17(6):639-669.
32. Zamarripa JM, Bermejo ML, Bustos HH, et al. Expression of oncogenes (c-myc-neu) and prolactin receptor (PRLr) in tissues of women with endometriosis. Ginecol Obstet Mex,2000 ,68:91-96
33. Garzia E, Borgato S, Cozzi V,et al. Lack of expression of endometrial prolactin in early implantation failure: a pilot study. Hum Reprod., 2004 ,19(8): 1911-1916
34. Martinez LB,Leyva MZ,Romero IC, et al. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissures.Acta Obstet Scand 2002;81:5-10.
35. Martinez LB, Leyva MZ, Romero IC. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissues.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002,81(1):5-10
36. Chikanza IC. Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations..Ann NY Acad Sci, 1999,87 (6):119-1130.
37. Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Miranda JM , et al. Prolactin in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2001,10(10):748-756.
38. Brand JM, Frohn C, Cziupka K, et al.Prolactin triggers pro-inflammatory immune responses in peripheral immune cells. Eur Cytokine Netw, 2004 ,15(2):99-1041. Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, et al.Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion, Physiol Rev,2000,80(4):1523-1631
2. Ain R, Tash JS, Soares MJ.Prolactin-like protein-A is a functional modulator of natural killer cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 2003 , 204 (1-2):65-74.
3. Rasmussen CA , O rw ig KE ,V ellucci S. Dual expression of prolactin related protein in decidua and trophoblast tissues during pregnancy in rats. B iolRep rod , 1997,56 (3):647-54
4. Garzia E, Borgato S, Cozzi V,et al. Lack of expression of endometrial prolactin in early implantation failure: a pilot study. Hum Reprod., 2004 ,19(8): 1911-6
5. Mavoungou E, Bouyou-Akotet MK, Kremsner PGEffects of prolactin and cortisol on natural killer (NK) cell surface expression and function of human natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30). Clin Exp Immunol., 2005 , 39(2):287-96
6. Oberbeck R, Schmitz D, Wilsenack K, et al.Prolactin modulates survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice. J Surg Res,2003,113(2):248-256
7. Matera L, Mori M, Geuna M,et al. Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defence. J Neuroimmunol,2000,109( 1) :47-55
8. Jabbour HN, Critchley HO, Boddy SC.Expression of functional prolactin receptors in nonpregnant human endometrium: janus kinase-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), and STAT5 proteins are phosphorylated after stimulation with prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998 ,83(7):2545-53.
9. Tseng L, Mazella J.Prolactin and its receptor in human endometrium.Semin Reprod Endocrinol., 1999,17( 1 ):23-710. Dunn CL, Kelly RW, Critchley HO.Decidualization of the human endometrial stromal cell: an enigmatic transformation.Reprod Biomed Online, 2003 , 7(2): 151-161
11. Tanaka T, Utsunomiya T, Bai T,et al.Leptin inhibits decidualization and enhances cell viability of normal human endometrial stromal cells. Int J Mol Med, 2003, 12 (1):95-98.
12. Martinez LB, Leyva MZ, Romero IC. Prolactin receptor in human endometriotic tissues.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002,81(1 ):5-10
13. Zamarripa JM, Bermejo ML, Bustos HH, et al. Expression of oncogenes (c-myc-neu) and prolactin receptor (PRLr) in tissues of women with endometriosis. Ginecol Obstet Mex,2000 ,68:91-96
14. Gregoriou G, Bakas P, Vitoratos N, et al. Evaluation of serum prolactin levels in patients with endometriosis and infertility. Gynecol Obstet Invest,1999,48(1):48-51
15. Klemmt PA, Carver JG, Kennedy SH,et al.Stromal cells from endometriotic lesions and endometrium from women with endometriosis have reduced decidualization capacity. Fertil Steril, 2006,85(3):564-572
16. Paul Dmowski W, Braun DP. Immunology of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2004,18(2):245-263
17. Mendez I, Carino C, Diaz L.Prolactin in the immunological system: synthesis and biological effects. Rev Invest Clin,2005 ,57(3):447-456.
18. Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Sen L.Immunological properties of prolactin. Medicina, 2000,60(4):515-20
19. Chikanza IC. Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations.Ann NY Acad Sci, 1999,87 (6): 119-1130.
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