基于AJAX的教学资源平台的设计与实现
摘要
随着Internet的快速发展,网络技术对教育领域的改革产生了重大的影响,然而传统的B/S模式的应用程序由于受制于HTML的限制,无法像C/S那样使用丰富的效果来显示数据,用户体验比较糟糕,无法满足教师、学生的要求,更不能激发学生学习的兴趣,没有充分的发挥促教励学的作用。如何向用户呈现良好的用户体验、完整的学习材料,及时、准确地解决学生在学习中碰到的各种难题,便捷的管理学生作业、提高教学质量和效率,做好学习的评价、督促和管理等是构造一个良好的教学资源平台的关键所在。
于是围绕上述问题开展工作:首先对系统进行需求分析,将系统分为以学生与教师为主体的前台系统和以教学管理员和系统管理员为主体的后台系统,并提出分组的概念,即教师能将学生与资源按不同性质加入不同分组,以方便教师与学生之间便捷地进行沟通和问题讨论。于是将资源按课程和分组为对象划分为课程资源和分组资源,又按是否可以下载分为在线资源和下载资源。接着进行系统的总体设计,重点围绕作业管理、资源与课程和分组的关系进行系统的详细设计,包括数据库设计与页面设计,并通过实现留言、公告、个人信息管理、课程信息管理等模块使系统更加完整与人性化。
在页面实现上,通过对实现AJAX的四项关键技术进行研究分析,借助AJAX技术减少用户操作等待时间,使系统获得了更好地用户体验。同时,通过美观、操作性良好的页面设计使系统更加友好和易用。在业务实现上,通过分组概念的引入,作业树和资源树的创建,作业提交与批改流程的优化,多种留言方式的实现等使系统在使用过程中更加人性化。
With the rapid development of Internet, the network technology has been greatly impacting the innovation of the education. However, B/S application program confined to HTML is not capable of displaying data with abundant effects as C/S does. As a result, it brings the bad users’experience and can hardly match the requirements from the teachers and the students, nor can it arouse students’interest in learning, with its poor encouraging role. Then the promotion and the encouragement can hardly be carried out in the teaching. The essential factors in developing a well-functioning teaching resources platform lie in such aspects as offering satisfactory users’experience, presenting integrated and abundant learning materials, promptly and effectively addressing the difficulties rising in students’learning, efficiently checking and correcting the assignments of students, enhancing the qualities and efficiencies of teaching as well as assessing, supervising and managing students’academic activities.
According the requirement mentioned above, in this thesis, requirement analysis of the system has been carried out first, and the system has been divided into two parts: front part for the teachers and students and the back part for the teaching managers and the system managers. The concept of group has also been proposed, which means that the teachers can sorting the students and the resources into different groups with the corresponding properties, which facilitates the communications and discussions between the teachers and the students. Then the resources have been divided into the curriculum-resources and the group-resources according to the different curriculums and groups, and also into online and download resources. The entire design of the system has been implemented secondly, and the concrete design is following surrounding the assignment management and the relationship between the resources, the curriculums and the groups. Database design and page design have also been taken account and the system has been more completed and humanized via the realizations of the modules for the message, announcement, personal information management, curriculum information management.
For the realization of the page, through analyzing the four key techniques to implement AJAX, the system has much better user experience by reducing waiting-time of the users’manipulation in terms of AJAX technique. Beside this, the system could be more friendly and easily used through good-operating design of the page. Moreover, for the realization of the operation, the system has also been humanized by means of introducing the concept of the group, setting up of the assignment-tree and resource-tree, optimizing the processes of the assignment submission and marking, defining various ways for the messages, and so on.
于是围绕上述问题开展工作:首先对系统进行需求分析,将系统分为以学生与教师为主体的前台系统和以教学管理员和系统管理员为主体的后台系统,并提出分组的概念,即教师能将学生与资源按不同性质加入不同分组,以方便教师与学生之间便捷地进行沟通和问题讨论。于是将资源按课程和分组为对象划分为课程资源和分组资源,又按是否可以下载分为在线资源和下载资源。接着进行系统的总体设计,重点围绕作业管理、资源与课程和分组的关系进行系统的详细设计,包括数据库设计与页面设计,并通过实现留言、公告、个人信息管理、课程信息管理等模块使系统更加完整与人性化。
在页面实现上,通过对实现AJAX的四项关键技术进行研究分析,借助AJAX技术减少用户操作等待时间,使系统获得了更好地用户体验。同时,通过美观、操作性良好的页面设计使系统更加友好和易用。在业务实现上,通过分组概念的引入,作业树和资源树的创建,作业提交与批改流程的优化,多种留言方式的实现等使系统在使用过程中更加人性化。
With the rapid development of Internet, the network technology has been greatly impacting the innovation of the education. However, B/S application program confined to HTML is not capable of displaying data with abundant effects as C/S does. As a result, it brings the bad users’experience and can hardly match the requirements from the teachers and the students, nor can it arouse students’interest in learning, with its poor encouraging role. Then the promotion and the encouragement can hardly be carried out in the teaching. The essential factors in developing a well-functioning teaching resources platform lie in such aspects as offering satisfactory users’experience, presenting integrated and abundant learning materials, promptly and effectively addressing the difficulties rising in students’learning, efficiently checking and correcting the assignments of students, enhancing the qualities and efficiencies of teaching as well as assessing, supervising and managing students’academic activities.
According the requirement mentioned above, in this thesis, requirement analysis of the system has been carried out first, and the system has been divided into two parts: front part for the teachers and students and the back part for the teaching managers and the system managers. The concept of group has also been proposed, which means that the teachers can sorting the students and the resources into different groups with the corresponding properties, which facilitates the communications and discussions between the teachers and the students. Then the resources have been divided into the curriculum-resources and the group-resources according to the different curriculums and groups, and also into online and download resources. The entire design of the system has been implemented secondly, and the concrete design is following surrounding the assignment management and the relationship between the resources, the curriculums and the groups. Database design and page design have also been taken account and the system has been more completed and humanized via the realizations of the modules for the message, announcement, personal information management, curriculum information management.
For the realization of the page, through analyzing the four key techniques to implement AJAX, the system has much better user experience by reducing waiting-time of the users’manipulation in terms of AJAX technique. Beside this, the system could be more friendly and easily used through good-operating design of the page. Moreover, for the realization of the operation, the system has also been humanized by means of introducing the concept of the group, setting up of the assignment-tree and resource-tree, optimizing the processes of the assignment submission and marking, defining various ways for the messages, and so on.
引文
[1]郑刚.基于B/S模式的网上教学系统研究与设计.计算机工程与应用, 2001, 37(8): 119-121
[2]蔡基刚,武世兴.引进多媒体网络技术,改革传统的教学模式.外语界, 2003, 6(2): 2-8
[3]艾春.浅谈B/S结构的教学系统在当代多媒体教学中的优势.今日科苑, 2009, 14(4): 229-230
[4]张二锋.基于B/S模式的网络教学平台的构建及应用研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学图书馆, 2008
[5] G. Binhui, D. Xiuquan. A Research on Informatization of Teaching Management in Colleges of High-School. Intelligent Information Management Systems and Technologies, 2005(1): 327-332
[6]张忠良,黄海.基于B/S和C/S混合模式的信息系统.情报杂志, 2004, 23(1): 78-80
[7]张友生,陈松乔. C/S与B/S混合软件体系结构模型.计算机工程与应用, 2002, 38(3): 138-141
[8]吴大刚,肖荣荣. C/S结构与B/S结构的信息系统比较分析.情报科学, 2003, 3(7): 313-316
[9]于鹰.基于B/S的课程资源与教学管理平台的设计与实现: [硕士学位论文].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学图书馆, 2008
[10]杨兴凯.新一代Web开发环境—ASP.Net.沈阳师范学院学报自然科学版, 2002, 2(2): 110-114
[11]李安,刘晓东.一种流行的WEB开发模式—JSP+JavaBean.微机发展, 2002, 12(5): 75-77
[12]李帅.基于Linux Web环境下企业内部主页系统的设计与实践.技术与创新管理, 2006, 27(2): 78-81
[13]王志军,孙月霞,张素庆等.基于Web开发的几种服务器端脚本语言的分析与比较.计算机应用研究, 2006, 23(8): 14-17
[14]杨东霞.教学管理网络系统的开发与研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学图书馆, 2001
[15]齐耀辉.多层分布式结构教学管理信息系统的设计和实现: [硕士学位论文].保定:河北大学图书馆, 2003
[16]陈康.基于J2EE的远程教学管理系统的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:南京信息工程大学图书馆, 2005
[17] R. Jammalamadaka, R. Gamboni, S. Mehrotra, K. Seamons et al. gVault: A Gmail Based Cryptographic Network File System. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007(4602): 161-176
[18]王萍,高宏卿. AJAX在网络教育软件中的应用研究.中国教育信息化, 2007(1): 85-88
[19]陈钰,李理,王昆鹏.基于Ajax构建远程教育培训系统.电脑知识与技术, 2007, 3(1): 46-49
[20] D. Rosenberg, K. Scott. Use case driven object modeling with UML: a practical approach, Boston: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., 1999: 256-259
[21]戴朝晖,吴敏.基于MVC模式的Web管理信息系统分析与设计.中南工业大学学报, 2003, 34(3): 413-416
[22] L. Paulson. Building rich web applications with Ajax. Computer, 2005, 38(8): 14-17
[23] K. Smith. Simplifying Ajax-style Web development. Computer, 2006, 39(7): 98-101
[24] N. Serrano, J. Aroztegi. Ajax Frameworks in Interactive Web Apps. Software, 2007, 24(4): 12-14
[25] G. Lawton. New Ways to Build Rich Internet Applications. Computer, 2008, 48(2): 10-12
[26] L. Lei, Z. Duan. Integrating AJAX and Web Services for Cooperative Image Editing. IT Professional, 2007, 24(1): 25-29
[27] J. Preciado, M. Linaje. F. Sanchez et al. Necessity of methodologies to model rich Internet application. In: Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Web SiteEvolution, 2007: 7-13
[28]蒋冬梅,张卫红.基于构建主义的Internet远程教育浅析.东北电力学院学报, 2002, 4(1): 19-21
[29]薛胜军,倪俊.基于Ajax的Web应用交互方式的研究.电脑知识与技术, 2007, 2(3): 15-23
[30]陈培久,陈序广.用XML与XMLHTTP组件实现网页信息的传递.微机发展, 2003, 13(4): 4-7
[31]费玉莲,姜波,李渊.面向异步通信机制的网页分类研究.计算机应用, 2008, 28(2): 545-546
[32] L. Wood. Programming the Web: the W3C DOM specification. Internet Computing, 1999, 3(6): 48-54
[33]李效东,顾敏清.基于DOM的Web信息提取.计算机学报, 2002, 25(3): 526-534
[34]王克宏.基于XML的Web服务技术——强强联合铸造未来.计算机世界, 2003(B18): 18-19
[35] F. Reynolds. Web 2.0–In Your Hand. Pervasive Computing, 2009, 8(6): 86-88
[36] Z. Lin, J. Wu, Q. Zhang et al. Research on Web Applications Using Ajax New Technologies.In: MMIT '08. International Conference on MultiMedia and Information Technology, 2008: 139-142
[37]李涛.动态网络页面和AJAX技术.程序员, 2006, 1(1): 055-057
[38]何成万,万明. Ajax在Google Maps中的应用.电脑知识与技术, 2008, 31(2): 88-92
[39] L. Vincent. Taking Online Maps Down to Street Level. Computer, 2007, 40(7): 118-120
[40] A. Sayar, M. Pierce, G. Fox et al. Integrating AJAX approach into GIS visualization web services. 2006, Telecommunications, AICT-ICIW '06. International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, 2000: 169-169
[41] K. Murata, E. Kimura. A virtual earth magnetospheric system. Radio Science Conference, 2004 Proceedings. Asia-Pacific, 2004: 578-581
[42] N. Ali, Z. Shukur, S. Idris. A Design of an Assessment System for UML Class Diagram. In Computational Science and its Applications, 2007: 539-546
[43] H. Gomaa, G. Shin. Automated Software Product Line Engineering and Product Derivation. In 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007: 285-287
[44] Z. Huang, H. Liang, T. Chen et al. Soft-Error-Tolerant BIST Structure. Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, 2009(1): 5-11
[45] Z. Yuan, Q. Xu. Hare error bounds of transfer function estimates and their convergence property. Acta Automatica Sinica, 1995, 4(3): 11-16
[46] P. Runeson. A survey of unit testing practices. Software, 2006(23): 22-29
[47]栗涛.浅谈VS2005的单元测试.科技信息, 2008, 18(2): 117-118
[48] G. Wang, X. Meng, Z. Bian. Design of the Data Server of A Virtual Test System Based on Data-Driven Model. Computer Measurement and Control, 2007(12): 17-21
[49]冯莉.面向对象的单元测试和集成测试技术研究.农业网络信息, 2007, 4(3): 10-12
[50] Z. Wang. Application of hybrid genetic algorithm in object-oriented software integration testing. Journal of Computer Applications, 2007, 5(8): 75-79
[2]蔡基刚,武世兴.引进多媒体网络技术,改革传统的教学模式.外语界, 2003, 6(2): 2-8
[3]艾春.浅谈B/S结构的教学系统在当代多媒体教学中的优势.今日科苑, 2009, 14(4): 229-230
[4]张二锋.基于B/S模式的网络教学平台的构建及应用研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学图书馆, 2008
[5] G. Binhui, D. Xiuquan. A Research on Informatization of Teaching Management in Colleges of High-School. Intelligent Information Management Systems and Technologies, 2005(1): 327-332
[6]张忠良,黄海.基于B/S和C/S混合模式的信息系统.情报杂志, 2004, 23(1): 78-80
[7]张友生,陈松乔. C/S与B/S混合软件体系结构模型.计算机工程与应用, 2002, 38(3): 138-141
[8]吴大刚,肖荣荣. C/S结构与B/S结构的信息系统比较分析.情报科学, 2003, 3(7): 313-316
[9]于鹰.基于B/S的课程资源与教学管理平台的设计与实现: [硕士学位论文].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学图书馆, 2008
[10]杨兴凯.新一代Web开发环境—ASP.Net.沈阳师范学院学报自然科学版, 2002, 2(2): 110-114
[11]李安,刘晓东.一种流行的WEB开发模式—JSP+JavaBean.微机发展, 2002, 12(5): 75-77
[12]李帅.基于Linux Web环境下企业内部主页系统的设计与实践.技术与创新管理, 2006, 27(2): 78-81
[13]王志军,孙月霞,张素庆等.基于Web开发的几种服务器端脚本语言的分析与比较.计算机应用研究, 2006, 23(8): 14-17
[14]杨东霞.教学管理网络系统的开发与研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学图书馆, 2001
[15]齐耀辉.多层分布式结构教学管理信息系统的设计和实现: [硕士学位论文].保定:河北大学图书馆, 2003
[16]陈康.基于J2EE的远程教学管理系统的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:南京信息工程大学图书馆, 2005
[17] R. Jammalamadaka, R. Gamboni, S. Mehrotra, K. Seamons et al. gVault: A Gmail Based Cryptographic Network File System. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007(4602): 161-176
[18]王萍,高宏卿. AJAX在网络教育软件中的应用研究.中国教育信息化, 2007(1): 85-88
[19]陈钰,李理,王昆鹏.基于Ajax构建远程教育培训系统.电脑知识与技术, 2007, 3(1): 46-49
[20] D. Rosenberg, K. Scott. Use case driven object modeling with UML: a practical approach, Boston: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., 1999: 256-259
[21]戴朝晖,吴敏.基于MVC模式的Web管理信息系统分析与设计.中南工业大学学报, 2003, 34(3): 413-416
[22] L. Paulson. Building rich web applications with Ajax. Computer, 2005, 38(8): 14-17
[23] K. Smith. Simplifying Ajax-style Web development. Computer, 2006, 39(7): 98-101
[24] N. Serrano, J. Aroztegi. Ajax Frameworks in Interactive Web Apps. Software, 2007, 24(4): 12-14
[25] G. Lawton. New Ways to Build Rich Internet Applications. Computer, 2008, 48(2): 10-12
[26] L. Lei, Z. Duan. Integrating AJAX and Web Services for Cooperative Image Editing. IT Professional, 2007, 24(1): 25-29
[27] J. Preciado, M. Linaje. F. Sanchez et al. Necessity of methodologies to model rich Internet application. In: Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Web SiteEvolution, 2007: 7-13
[28]蒋冬梅,张卫红.基于构建主义的Internet远程教育浅析.东北电力学院学报, 2002, 4(1): 19-21
[29]薛胜军,倪俊.基于Ajax的Web应用交互方式的研究.电脑知识与技术, 2007, 2(3): 15-23
[30]陈培久,陈序广.用XML与XMLHTTP组件实现网页信息的传递.微机发展, 2003, 13(4): 4-7
[31]费玉莲,姜波,李渊.面向异步通信机制的网页分类研究.计算机应用, 2008, 28(2): 545-546
[32] L. Wood. Programming the Web: the W3C DOM specification. Internet Computing, 1999, 3(6): 48-54
[33]李效东,顾敏清.基于DOM的Web信息提取.计算机学报, 2002, 25(3): 526-534
[34]王克宏.基于XML的Web服务技术——强强联合铸造未来.计算机世界, 2003(B18): 18-19
[35] F. Reynolds. Web 2.0–In Your Hand. Pervasive Computing, 2009, 8(6): 86-88
[36] Z. Lin, J. Wu, Q. Zhang et al. Research on Web Applications Using Ajax New Technologies.In: MMIT '08. International Conference on MultiMedia and Information Technology, 2008: 139-142
[37]李涛.动态网络页面和AJAX技术.程序员, 2006, 1(1): 055-057
[38]何成万,万明. Ajax在Google Maps中的应用.电脑知识与技术, 2008, 31(2): 88-92
[39] L. Vincent. Taking Online Maps Down to Street Level. Computer, 2007, 40(7): 118-120
[40] A. Sayar, M. Pierce, G. Fox et al. Integrating AJAX approach into GIS visualization web services. 2006, Telecommunications, AICT-ICIW '06. International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, 2000: 169-169
[41] K. Murata, E. Kimura. A virtual earth magnetospheric system. Radio Science Conference, 2004 Proceedings. Asia-Pacific, 2004: 578-581
[42] N. Ali, Z. Shukur, S. Idris. A Design of an Assessment System for UML Class Diagram. In Computational Science and its Applications, 2007: 539-546
[43] H. Gomaa, G. Shin. Automated Software Product Line Engineering and Product Derivation. In 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007: 285-287
[44] Z. Huang, H. Liang, T. Chen et al. Soft-Error-Tolerant BIST Structure. Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, 2009(1): 5-11
[45] Z. Yuan, Q. Xu. Hare error bounds of transfer function estimates and their convergence property. Acta Automatica Sinica, 1995, 4(3): 11-16
[46] P. Runeson. A survey of unit testing practices. Software, 2006(23): 22-29
[47]栗涛.浅谈VS2005的单元测试.科技信息, 2008, 18(2): 117-118
[48] G. Wang, X. Meng, Z. Bian. Design of the Data Server of A Virtual Test System Based on Data-Driven Model. Computer Measurement and Control, 2007(12): 17-21
[49]冯莉.面向对象的单元测试和集成测试技术研究.农业网络信息, 2007, 4(3): 10-12
[50] Z. Wang. Application of hybrid genetic algorithm in object-oriented software integration testing. Journal of Computer Applications, 2007, 5(8): 75-79