小波分析在电能质量监测系统中的应用
摘要
电能质量监测作为电能质量监控的一个关键环节,在系统运行管理和技术监督中起着重要作用,同时也是保证系统良好供电质量的必要条件。功能强大的电能质量监测系统的建立,能详细记录系统运行过程中的电能质量指标、监督电能质量污染源,并进一步为电网电能质量的治理和改善提供依据。电能质量主要包括稳态电能质量和动态电能质量。本文提出了在小波分析的基础上开发电能质量综合监测系统的思想,不仅能监测常规的稳态电能质量问题,还能实现对电压骤降、骤升、间断等动态电能质量的监测。
本课题从以下方面对电能质量监测进行了研究。
1.利用小波分析能检测突变点的性质,本文应用小波变换方法实现了电压骤升、电压骤降、电压间断等动态电能质量的监测,仿真表明,小波分解后的高频系数重构图形可清楚地确定电压发生突变的位置,得到电压突变的起止时刻。
2.应用小波包方法实现稳态电能质量的监测,从而较好地跟踪谐波的变化趋势,同时对高频信号进一步分解,具有较好的高频分辨率,仿真表明,可以利用小波包变换可以较为准确地提取出电网信号中的所有正弦信号的时频特性,达到对谐波分析的目的。
3.结合GPRS通讯技术与J2EE技术搭建了电能质量监测系统,从而实现电能质量参数的远程、实时监测和分析。该系统具有远程监控、客户端免维护、服务器端易维护、系统安全可靠、操作简单方便等优点,并通过国家电网公司验收,在上海市区电力局正式投入使用。
Power quality monitoring is a key part for the control of power quality. It is also a necessary condition to ensure good power supply. The establishing of power quality monitoring system can not only get the targets of power quality during the running of the system in detail and supervise polluted object, but also provide evidence for improving and renovating the power quality. Static power quality and dynamic power quality are also concerned today. The idea to develop a comprehensive monitoring system of power quality based on wavelet is brought forward. It monitors not only static power quality but also dynamic power such as voltage sag, swell and momentary interrupt.The problem of power quality has been researched from three aspects in this paper.1. With the capability of wavelet to detect disturbed points, wavelet is used to analyze the dynamic power quality. In this paper the signals of swell, sage, momentary interrupt are simulated with the methods of wavelet, and the simulations show the method of wavelet can fix on the positions of the voltage break.2. In addition, wavelet packet method is used to analyze static power quality. In this paper the voltage signal with harmonies is simulated with the methods of wavelet packet. And as a result, the wavelet packet method has a good performance in high-frequency. It's proved that all of the harmonies signal can be picked up by using the wavelet packet method. And it has a good performance on analyzing the harmonies signal.3. With the technology of GPRS and J2EE, the monitoring system of power quality is developed. It's used to monitor and analyze the power quality data in real time and in long distance. Compared with other systems, the developed system has the advantage of long-distance monitoring, easy maintenance and easy operation etc. This system has been accepted by state grid. And it has been running in shanghai power.
本课题从以下方面对电能质量监测进行了研究。
1.利用小波分析能检测突变点的性质,本文应用小波变换方法实现了电压骤升、电压骤降、电压间断等动态电能质量的监测,仿真表明,小波分解后的高频系数重构图形可清楚地确定电压发生突变的位置,得到电压突变的起止时刻。
2.应用小波包方法实现稳态电能质量的监测,从而较好地跟踪谐波的变化趋势,同时对高频信号进一步分解,具有较好的高频分辨率,仿真表明,可以利用小波包变换可以较为准确地提取出电网信号中的所有正弦信号的时频特性,达到对谐波分析的目的。
3.结合GPRS通讯技术与J2EE技术搭建了电能质量监测系统,从而实现电能质量参数的远程、实时监测和分析。该系统具有远程监控、客户端免维护、服务器端易维护、系统安全可靠、操作简单方便等优点,并通过国家电网公司验收,在上海市区电力局正式投入使用。
Power quality monitoring is a key part for the control of power quality. It is also a necessary condition to ensure good power supply. The establishing of power quality monitoring system can not only get the targets of power quality during the running of the system in detail and supervise polluted object, but also provide evidence for improving and renovating the power quality. Static power quality and dynamic power quality are also concerned today. The idea to develop a comprehensive monitoring system of power quality based on wavelet is brought forward. It monitors not only static power quality but also dynamic power such as voltage sag, swell and momentary interrupt.The problem of power quality has been researched from three aspects in this paper.1. With the capability of wavelet to detect disturbed points, wavelet is used to analyze the dynamic power quality. In this paper the signals of swell, sage, momentary interrupt are simulated with the methods of wavelet, and the simulations show the method of wavelet can fix on the positions of the voltage break.2. In addition, wavelet packet method is used to analyze static power quality. In this paper the voltage signal with harmonies is simulated with the methods of wavelet packet. And as a result, the wavelet packet method has a good performance in high-frequency. It's proved that all of the harmonies signal can be picked up by using the wavelet packet method. And it has a good performance on analyzing the harmonies signal.3. With the technology of GPRS and J2EE, the monitoring system of power quality is developed. It's used to monitor and analyze the power quality data in real time and in long distance. Compared with other systems, the developed system has the advantage of long-distance monitoring, easy maintenance and easy operation etc. This system has been accepted by state grid. And it has been running in shanghai power.
引文
[1] 章艺,孙怡,孙悦.电能质量的分析和测量.测控技术,2000,9(8):61-63.
[2] 林海雪.论电能质量标准.中国电力,1997(3):7-10.
[3] 秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[4] Martion J.止电压骤降和短时断电以满足用户需要.供用电,2001,(2):7-10.
[5] 林海雪.公用电网谐波国标中的几个问题.电网技术,2003(1):65-70.
[6] 雷美艳.电力网的谐波防护与治理.电机技术,2005(2):34-36.
[7] 肖湘宁等.电力系统谐波及其综合治理.中国电力,1998,31(4):59-61.
[8] 张伏生等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度Fourier算法.中国机电工程学报,1999,10(3):63-66.
[9] 钱照明,叶忠明,董伯藩.谐波抑制技术.电力系统自动化,1997,2(1):48-45
[10] 吴竞昌.供电系统谐波.中国电力出版社,1998.
[11] 徐彬.傅立叶变换和图像压缩.赣南师范学院学报.2004,25(6):30-32.
[12] Vinay Klngle, John G.Proakis,陈怀珠等译.数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现.电子工业出版社,1998.
[13] 冉启文.小波变换与分数傅里叶变换理论及应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.
[14] W. Lohmann. Image Rotation, Winger Rotation and the Fractional Fourier Transform. J. Opt, Sco. Am. A. 1993, 10: 2181-2186.
[15] 刘贵忠,邸双亮.小波分析及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1992,4.
[16] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998,5.
[17] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999,2.
[18] 许长发,李国宽.实用小波方法.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001,7:1-54.
[19] 崔锦泰,程正兴译.小波分析导论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995,6.
[20] Mallat S. A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans on PAMI, 1989,11(7): 674-693.
[21] Meyer Y. Ondeletters et operateurs. Paris: Hermann Press, 1990, 1-200.
[22] Chui C K. Wavelet: A tutorial theory and applications. New York: Academic Press, 1992, 1-432.
[23] Daubechies I. Ten lectures on wavelets. Philadephia: SIAM, 1992, 1-351.
[24] Daubechies I. Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Comm. Pure and Appl. Math, 1988,41:909-996.
[25] 陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨编著.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像.北京:科学出版社,2000,1:225-315.
[26] 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.小波分析理论与Matlab 7实现.电子工业出版社.2005.3.
[27] 徐永梅等.小波变换在电能质量分析中的应用.电力系统自动化,1999,12,23(23):55-57.
[28] 刘志刚,张友刚,钱清泉.小波网络的研究进展与应用.电力系统自动化,2003,3,27:73-85.
[29] F.J. Oteiniczak, P. Ribeiro. Time-Varying Harmonic: Part-Characterizing Measured Data. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, 1998,13(3):938-944.
[30] 张小强,杨放春.一种基于GPRS技术的无线监控系统.中国数据通信.2004,6(11):92-95.
[31] Jae-Won Choi, Kwang-hui Lee. A Web-based Management System for Network Monitoring. In: Proceedings of 2002 IEEE Workshop on IP Operations and Management. Piscataway(NJ):IEEE, 2002.
[32] SIEMEMS Mobile. MC35 GPRS Startup User's Guide. www.siemems.com.
[33] 杨争林,宋燕敏,沈利华.基于J2EE的电力市场技术支持系统研究.电力系统自动化.2004,28(8):35-39.
[34] Sun Microsystems Inc. Developer's Guide to Web Services. Sun One Application Server, 2003.
[35] 陈培久,陈序广.用xml与xmlhttp组件实现网页信息的传递.微机发展.2003,13(4):4-6.10.
[36] 方木云,骆国刚.基于B/S的三层结构的ERP库存软件系统开发.微机发展,2004,14(4):31-34,37.
[37] 何进,谢松巍.基于Socket的TCP/IP网络通讯模式研究.计算机应用研究,2001.08:134-135.
[38] 芦东昕,张华强,王陈.基于UDP的可靠数据传递技术研究.计算机工程,2003,29(22):62-63.
[39] 苗启广.基于uClinux的嵌入式软件开发架构.计算机工程与设计,2004,25(6):881-883.
[40] 王秀义.基于JDBC的数据库连接池及实现.计算机系统应用,2005(4):36-39.
[41] 胡昌华,张军波等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[42] 李君凯,丁化成.一种新的电力系统谐波分析仪采样计算办法.电测与仪表,2000,37(418):5-7.
[43] 赵渊,钟峨秀等.电力系统谐波分析仪算法研究.电工技术,1999,(9):13-14.
[44] 王海生.锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现.电测与仪表,1999,36(2):12-14.
[45] 吕润如等.电力系统高次谐波.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[46] Fenero A. High accuracy Fourier analysis based on synchronous sampling techniques. IEEE Trans on IM, 1992, 41 (6):780-785.
[47] Mao CS. A digital measurement scheme for time varying transient harmonic. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, 1995, 10(3).
[48] 赵成勇,李庚银,李海生等.电力牵引系统的预测型谐波电流检测方法研究.电工技术学报,2001,16(1):85-88.
[49] 胡国胜,任震,黄雯莹,朱锋锋.基于线调频小波变换的电机故障信号谐波检测方法.电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(1):1-9.
[50] Eluady A, Goauda A, Salama M A. Unified power quality conditioner with a novel control algorithm based on wavelet transform. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2001,2:13-16.
[51] 胡铭,陈珩.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2003,27(3):12-16.
[52] 彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[53] 王建赜,李威,纪延超.电能质最监测算法研究及实现.继电器,2001,(2):29-32.
[2] 林海雪.论电能质量标准.中国电力,1997(3):7-10.
[3] 秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[4] Martion J.止电压骤降和短时断电以满足用户需要.供用电,2001,(2):7-10.
[5] 林海雪.公用电网谐波国标中的几个问题.电网技术,2003(1):65-70.
[6] 雷美艳.电力网的谐波防护与治理.电机技术,2005(2):34-36.
[7] 肖湘宁等.电力系统谐波及其综合治理.中国电力,1998,31(4):59-61.
[8] 张伏生等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度Fourier算法.中国机电工程学报,1999,10(3):63-66.
[9] 钱照明,叶忠明,董伯藩.谐波抑制技术.电力系统自动化,1997,2(1):48-45
[10] 吴竞昌.供电系统谐波.中国电力出版社,1998.
[11] 徐彬.傅立叶变换和图像压缩.赣南师范学院学报.2004,25(6):30-32.
[12] Vinay Klngle, John G.Proakis,陈怀珠等译.数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现.电子工业出版社,1998.
[13] 冉启文.小波变换与分数傅里叶变换理论及应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.
[14] W. Lohmann. Image Rotation, Winger Rotation and the Fractional Fourier Transform. J. Opt, Sco. Am. A. 1993, 10: 2181-2186.
[15] 刘贵忠,邸双亮.小波分析及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1992,4.
[16] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998,5.
[17] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999,2.
[18] 许长发,李国宽.实用小波方法.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001,7:1-54.
[19] 崔锦泰,程正兴译.小波分析导论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995,6.
[20] Mallat S. A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans on PAMI, 1989,11(7): 674-693.
[21] Meyer Y. Ondeletters et operateurs. Paris: Hermann Press, 1990, 1-200.
[22] Chui C K. Wavelet: A tutorial theory and applications. New York: Academic Press, 1992, 1-432.
[23] Daubechies I. Ten lectures on wavelets. Philadephia: SIAM, 1992, 1-351.
[24] Daubechies I. Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Comm. Pure and Appl. Math, 1988,41:909-996.
[25] 陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨编著.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图像.北京:科学出版社,2000,1:225-315.
[26] 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.小波分析理论与Matlab 7实现.电子工业出版社.2005.3.
[27] 徐永梅等.小波变换在电能质量分析中的应用.电力系统自动化,1999,12,23(23):55-57.
[28] 刘志刚,张友刚,钱清泉.小波网络的研究进展与应用.电力系统自动化,2003,3,27:73-85.
[29] F.J. Oteiniczak, P. Ribeiro. Time-Varying Harmonic: Part-Characterizing Measured Data. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, 1998,13(3):938-944.
[30] 张小强,杨放春.一种基于GPRS技术的无线监控系统.中国数据通信.2004,6(11):92-95.
[31] Jae-Won Choi, Kwang-hui Lee. A Web-based Management System for Network Monitoring. In: Proceedings of 2002 IEEE Workshop on IP Operations and Management. Piscataway(NJ):IEEE, 2002.
[32] SIEMEMS Mobile. MC35 GPRS Startup User's Guide. www.siemems.com.
[33] 杨争林,宋燕敏,沈利华.基于J2EE的电力市场技术支持系统研究.电力系统自动化.2004,28(8):35-39.
[34] Sun Microsystems Inc. Developer's Guide to Web Services. Sun One Application Server, 2003.
[35] 陈培久,陈序广.用xml与xmlhttp组件实现网页信息的传递.微机发展.2003,13(4):4-6.10.
[36] 方木云,骆国刚.基于B/S的三层结构的ERP库存软件系统开发.微机发展,2004,14(4):31-34,37.
[37] 何进,谢松巍.基于Socket的TCP/IP网络通讯模式研究.计算机应用研究,2001.08:134-135.
[38] 芦东昕,张华强,王陈.基于UDP的可靠数据传递技术研究.计算机工程,2003,29(22):62-63.
[39] 苗启广.基于uClinux的嵌入式软件开发架构.计算机工程与设计,2004,25(6):881-883.
[40] 王秀义.基于JDBC的数据库连接池及实现.计算机系统应用,2005(4):36-39.
[41] 胡昌华,张军波等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[42] 李君凯,丁化成.一种新的电力系统谐波分析仪采样计算办法.电测与仪表,2000,37(418):5-7.
[43] 赵渊,钟峨秀等.电力系统谐波分析仪算法研究.电工技术,1999,(9):13-14.
[44] 王海生.锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现.电测与仪表,1999,36(2):12-14.
[45] 吕润如等.电力系统高次谐波.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[46] Fenero A. High accuracy Fourier analysis based on synchronous sampling techniques. IEEE Trans on IM, 1992, 41 (6):780-785.
[47] Mao CS. A digital measurement scheme for time varying transient harmonic. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, 1995, 10(3).
[48] 赵成勇,李庚银,李海生等.电力牵引系统的预测型谐波电流检测方法研究.电工技术学报,2001,16(1):85-88.
[49] 胡国胜,任震,黄雯莹,朱锋锋.基于线调频小波变换的电机故障信号谐波检测方法.电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(1):1-9.
[50] Eluady A, Goauda A, Salama M A. Unified power quality conditioner with a novel control algorithm based on wavelet transform. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2001,2:13-16.
[51] 胡铭,陈珩.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2003,27(3):12-16.
[52] 彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[53] 王建赜,李威,纪延超.电能质最监测算法研究及实现.继电器,2001,(2):29-32.