浙江白术生产现状和优化农艺措施研究
|
摘要
中药白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)是菊科植物白术的根茎,与白芍、浙贝母、杭白菊、延胡索、玄参、笕麦冬、温郁金一起被称为“浙八味”,是我国高配方频度的大宗常用中药材之一。本研究对浙江省白术主产区的种植情况和优株特性进行了广泛深入的调查,对白术生长发育特性及地上部与地下部不同器官生长的相关性、白术有效成分内酯类含量、无性和有性繁殖的适用技术、土壤病害防治技术等方面进行了试验研究。通过调查研究和试验研究,取得了以下主要结果。
一、本研究对浙江省优质白术产区天台和磐安进行的种植情况调查发现,目前浙江白术质量下降的主要原因是大部分种植户应用的种质混杂和栽培技术不规范。在总结标准化种植基地的经验基础上,提出了适宜当地应用的高产栽培措施。从白术叶形、单株茎数、冠型、根茎形状等方面对白术的类型进行了划分,初步将白术的优株类型加以量化,明确优株选育的标准为:根茎形态为典型的蛙型或鸡腿型,叶型为木荷叶型,株型为浓密窄冠型,独茎而粗壮,单株和群体产量高,抗病性强。这种划分为选育优株提供了定性与定量结合的选择标准。
二、以一年生、二年生白术为对象,研究了白术栽培群体的生长发育指标的变化规律。结果表明,一年生白术与二年生白术各生育指标之间存在一定的相关性,尤其二年生白术在5、6月份是营养生长转向生殖生长的分界期,适当的农艺措施可促使植株良好形态的建成,有利于获得白术根茎的高产。一年生白术和二年生白术的叶绿素含量变化存在着一定的差异:一年生植株基本上是随生育进程而提高,而二年生植株叶绿素含量变化具有明显“双峰”现象,并且其叶绿素含量与白术根茎干重呈正相关。地上部形态观测与定期挖掘法相结合,研究明确了全生育期白术地上部分和地下部分干重、根/冠比、比叶重和折干率的变化规律,明确了比叶重与地下根茎的相关性,为白术的快速测产提供了研究依据。
三、利用HPLC法对白术生育期间根茎中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量和积累动态进行测定,发现该种方法简单可行,准确度高。不同生育时期白术内酯类成分含量的变化较大,三种内酯含量最高的时期在5月下旬至6月上旬,此时为白术现蕾期。根据研究结果首次提出,若以白术内酯作为目标入药成分时,其采收时期应确定为摘蕾前。通过对浙江省几个主产区白术的测定结果得出结论,浙江省各地产白术内酯含量差异较大,以天台地区白术内酯类含量最高,其品种选用和栽培种植模式可以为其他白术产区提供重要参考。同时,应对选种、栽培等措施进一步规范,达到优质高产的目的。
四、以多年栽培研究中选育出的植株矮化、叶色深绿、抗病能力强的薯叶型植株作为材料,分别从有性繁殖和无性繁殖两个方面进行良种繁育适用技术研究。用4个独立的正交试验设计进行的不同激素种类、激素浓度、处理时间和基质配比对白术嫩枝扦插生根影响的研究表明,NAA、IBA、NAA+IBA和国光生跟处理白术嫩枝后扦插,均可以正常生根成活。在此基础上,利用公式评分法筛选优化出薯叶型白术的最优扦插生根条件。针对白术制种时存在的实际生产问题,通过控制白术不同种植密度和每株留蕾数目,以白术种子的千粒重、饱满度、产量、发芽率等为指标进行研究,确定白术留种田最佳栽培密度为株行距40 cm×40 cm,每株留5个花蕾时,种子各方面质量最佳,这为以后白术的GAP栽培提供了重要的研究依据。
五、针对浙江省白术病害严重、死苗率高的问题,通过农药浸泡和灌根两个试验,研究分析了农药的种类、浓度及浸泡时间对连作白术发病死亡率、防效、出苗率和齐苗时间的影响,优化出较为理想的农药施用方案:多氧清2号,浓度为2000倍,浸泡时间为24 h。或以康地雷德灌根,浓度为1000倍,都能取得较好的防病效果。同时,针对在常规种植白术过程中使用频率极高的农药多菌灵,采用HPLC法测定分析其残留量,明确其降解过程,由此提出白术采收建议,采收时间距离最后一次多菌灵施药应不少于40 d。
Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is a sort of famous Chinese traditional medicine with the highest usage frequency, and is one of“Zhe Ba-wei”(8 kinds of the most excellent traditional medicine in Zhejiang province). It is from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., a plant of Cryxanthemum family. In this paper, the production status and superior plant charactors in the main production areas of A. macrocephala in Zhejiang province was investigated, the charactors of growth and development, the correlationship between above- and under-ground organs, the content of atractylenolides in the rhizoma of A. macrocephala, the suitable techniques of sexual and asexual reproduction and soil-borne disease control was studied. The main results were as follows.
1. The investigation on the present situation of A. macrocephala production in Tiantai Shiliang and Pan’an, Zhejiang Province showed that the main reasons of quality decrease of A. macrocephala were mixed germplasm, non-standard planting practices, and abuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. On the basis of planting experiences in standard production base, the suitable practices for high yield was proposed. According to leaf shape, crown shape, stem numbers per plant and rhizoma type of observed A. macrocephala plants, A. macrocephala was classified as different types, and the charaters of superior plants was preliminarily quantified. The standard of superior plant selection of A. macrocephala was such plants with rhizoma of typical Drumstick /Frog type, leaves of lotus-leaf shape, dense-narrow planttype, uni-culm thick-strong stem, and with high yield for single plant and community and disease resistance. This classification provided qualified and quantified standard for superior plant selection.
2. The dynamics of growth and development parameters of cultivating annual and biennial A. macrocephala community was studied. The results showed that, the correlation existed between the growth and development parameters each other. May or June was the transition period from vegetative to reproductive growth for biennial A. Macrocephala, and suitable agronomic practice was beneficial to good morphogenesis of biennial A. macrocephala plants, and to high yield of the rhizoma. Defference existed the changing dynamics of chlorophyll content between annual and biennial A. macrocephala during the whole growing period. The chlorophyll content of annual A. macrocephala were steadily increasing with the growing process, but those of biennials showed double-peak curves and were positively correlated to rhizoma dry weight. According to the morphological observation for above- and under-ground organs, the dynamics of above- and under-ground dry weight, root-shoot ratio and rhizoma drying rate of A. macrocephala was clarified. The correlation between specific leaf weight (SLW) and rhizoma dry weight of A. Macrocephala was also demonstrated, which provided the base for foreseeing the rhizome yield of A. macrocephala by the determination of SLW.
3. The dynamics of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢcontents and accumulation processes during the whole growing period was determinated by HPLC techniques. And it was showed that the HPLC technique to determinate atractylenolides was easily operated and accurate. The results showed that the highest contents of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas at late May to early June when was the budding stage of flowers of A. Macrocephala. It was firstly proposed according to the results, that the optimum harvest time should be before disbuttoning during the last ten-day of May if the atractylenolides was the objetive medicinal constituents. The contents of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas different in the products of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae from different habitats of Zhejiang Province, with the highest contents of atractylenolides existed in the products from Tiantai district, from where the models of cultivar selection and cultivation should be referenced by other A. Macrocephala habitats. The resulted also demonstrated that the agronomic practices such as cultivar selection and cultivation should be furthur standardized for the purpose of increasing yield and quality of A. Macrocephala.
4. The suitable techniques for superior cultivar selection was studied from two ways of sexual and asexual reproduction by using A. Macrocephala plants with such charaters as dwarf plants, deep green leaves with the shape of yams and strong disease resistance, which was selected during cultivation research for many years. The study on the effect of the varieties, concentrations, treatment times of hormones and culture substrate ratios with four independent experiments by orthogonal design showed that, the soft-wood cuttings of A. macrocephala soaked with NAA, IBA, NAA+IBA and Guo guang sheng gen (a commercial plant regulator containing NAA) solutions all rooted and survived normally. On the basis of the results above, the optimum rooting conditions for soft-wood cutting of A. macrocephala was selected by using expression analysis. Another field experiment incluing two factors, planting density and flower buds per plant, and with 1000 grain weight, plump seed ratio, and germination rate of A. macrocephala seeds as objective parameters, showed shat, the optimum seed quality was obtained at planting spacing 40×40 cm, and five flower buds leaved per plant. This results provide important basis for GAP of A. macrocephala.
5. Aiming at solve the problem of serious disease and high shoot death rate in he production of A. macrocephala in Zhejiang Province, two experiments on the effects of different kind, concentration and treating time by fungicides on shoot death rate, disease control efficiency, seed emergence rate and full emergence date was conducted, and the techniques for fungicide application was optimized as, soaking the transplanting shoots 24 h with Duoyangqing No. 2 (a commercial fungicide) solution with the concentration 2000 times, or irrigate root zone with Kangdileide (another commercial fungicide) solution with the concentration 1000 times.
The residues of Carbendazim, a fungicide with high application frequency in A. Macrocephala production, in rhizoma of A. Macrocephala of different harvesting time was also determinated by HPLC techniques. According to the results, the recommendations of harvest time was proposted that, the harvest time should not be less than 40 days after Carbendazim application.
一、本研究对浙江省优质白术产区天台和磐安进行的种植情况调查发现,目前浙江白术质量下降的主要原因是大部分种植户应用的种质混杂和栽培技术不规范。在总结标准化种植基地的经验基础上,提出了适宜当地应用的高产栽培措施。从白术叶形、单株茎数、冠型、根茎形状等方面对白术的类型进行了划分,初步将白术的优株类型加以量化,明确优株选育的标准为:根茎形态为典型的蛙型或鸡腿型,叶型为木荷叶型,株型为浓密窄冠型,独茎而粗壮,单株和群体产量高,抗病性强。这种划分为选育优株提供了定性与定量结合的选择标准。
二、以一年生、二年生白术为对象,研究了白术栽培群体的生长发育指标的变化规律。结果表明,一年生白术与二年生白术各生育指标之间存在一定的相关性,尤其二年生白术在5、6月份是营养生长转向生殖生长的分界期,适当的农艺措施可促使植株良好形态的建成,有利于获得白术根茎的高产。一年生白术和二年生白术的叶绿素含量变化存在着一定的差异:一年生植株基本上是随生育进程而提高,而二年生植株叶绿素含量变化具有明显“双峰”现象,并且其叶绿素含量与白术根茎干重呈正相关。地上部形态观测与定期挖掘法相结合,研究明确了全生育期白术地上部分和地下部分干重、根/冠比、比叶重和折干率的变化规律,明确了比叶重与地下根茎的相关性,为白术的快速测产提供了研究依据。
三、利用HPLC法对白术生育期间根茎中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量和积累动态进行测定,发现该种方法简单可行,准确度高。不同生育时期白术内酯类成分含量的变化较大,三种内酯含量最高的时期在5月下旬至6月上旬,此时为白术现蕾期。根据研究结果首次提出,若以白术内酯作为目标入药成分时,其采收时期应确定为摘蕾前。通过对浙江省几个主产区白术的测定结果得出结论,浙江省各地产白术内酯含量差异较大,以天台地区白术内酯类含量最高,其品种选用和栽培种植模式可以为其他白术产区提供重要参考。同时,应对选种、栽培等措施进一步规范,达到优质高产的目的。
四、以多年栽培研究中选育出的植株矮化、叶色深绿、抗病能力强的薯叶型植株作为材料,分别从有性繁殖和无性繁殖两个方面进行良种繁育适用技术研究。用4个独立的正交试验设计进行的不同激素种类、激素浓度、处理时间和基质配比对白术嫩枝扦插生根影响的研究表明,NAA、IBA、NAA+IBA和国光生跟处理白术嫩枝后扦插,均可以正常生根成活。在此基础上,利用公式评分法筛选优化出薯叶型白术的最优扦插生根条件。针对白术制种时存在的实际生产问题,通过控制白术不同种植密度和每株留蕾数目,以白术种子的千粒重、饱满度、产量、发芽率等为指标进行研究,确定白术留种田最佳栽培密度为株行距40 cm×40 cm,每株留5个花蕾时,种子各方面质量最佳,这为以后白术的GAP栽培提供了重要的研究依据。
五、针对浙江省白术病害严重、死苗率高的问题,通过农药浸泡和灌根两个试验,研究分析了农药的种类、浓度及浸泡时间对连作白术发病死亡率、防效、出苗率和齐苗时间的影响,优化出较为理想的农药施用方案:多氧清2号,浓度为2000倍,浸泡时间为24 h。或以康地雷德灌根,浓度为1000倍,都能取得较好的防病效果。同时,针对在常规种植白术过程中使用频率极高的农药多菌灵,采用HPLC法测定分析其残留量,明确其降解过程,由此提出白术采收建议,采收时间距离最后一次多菌灵施药应不少于40 d。
Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is a sort of famous Chinese traditional medicine with the highest usage frequency, and is one of“Zhe Ba-wei”(8 kinds of the most excellent traditional medicine in Zhejiang province). It is from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., a plant of Cryxanthemum family. In this paper, the production status and superior plant charactors in the main production areas of A. macrocephala in Zhejiang province was investigated, the charactors of growth and development, the correlationship between above- and under-ground organs, the content of atractylenolides in the rhizoma of A. macrocephala, the suitable techniques of sexual and asexual reproduction and soil-borne disease control was studied. The main results were as follows.
1. The investigation on the present situation of A. macrocephala production in Tiantai Shiliang and Pan’an, Zhejiang Province showed that the main reasons of quality decrease of A. macrocephala were mixed germplasm, non-standard planting practices, and abuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. On the basis of planting experiences in standard production base, the suitable practices for high yield was proposed. According to leaf shape, crown shape, stem numbers per plant and rhizoma type of observed A. macrocephala plants, A. macrocephala was classified as different types, and the charaters of superior plants was preliminarily quantified. The standard of superior plant selection of A. macrocephala was such plants with rhizoma of typical Drumstick /Frog type, leaves of lotus-leaf shape, dense-narrow planttype, uni-culm thick-strong stem, and with high yield for single plant and community and disease resistance. This classification provided qualified and quantified standard for superior plant selection.
2. The dynamics of growth and development parameters of cultivating annual and biennial A. macrocephala community was studied. The results showed that, the correlation existed between the growth and development parameters each other. May or June was the transition period from vegetative to reproductive growth for biennial A. Macrocephala, and suitable agronomic practice was beneficial to good morphogenesis of biennial A. macrocephala plants, and to high yield of the rhizoma. Defference existed the changing dynamics of chlorophyll content between annual and biennial A. macrocephala during the whole growing period. The chlorophyll content of annual A. macrocephala were steadily increasing with the growing process, but those of biennials showed double-peak curves and were positively correlated to rhizoma dry weight. According to the morphological observation for above- and under-ground organs, the dynamics of above- and under-ground dry weight, root-shoot ratio and rhizoma drying rate of A. macrocephala was clarified. The correlation between specific leaf weight (SLW) and rhizoma dry weight of A. Macrocephala was also demonstrated, which provided the base for foreseeing the rhizome yield of A. macrocephala by the determination of SLW.
3. The dynamics of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢcontents and accumulation processes during the whole growing period was determinated by HPLC techniques. And it was showed that the HPLC technique to determinate atractylenolides was easily operated and accurate. The results showed that the highest contents of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas at late May to early June when was the budding stage of flowers of A. Macrocephala. It was firstly proposed according to the results, that the optimum harvest time should be before disbuttoning during the last ten-day of May if the atractylenolides was the objetive medicinal constituents. The contents of atractylenolidesⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas different in the products of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae from different habitats of Zhejiang Province, with the highest contents of atractylenolides existed in the products from Tiantai district, from where the models of cultivar selection and cultivation should be referenced by other A. Macrocephala habitats. The resulted also demonstrated that the agronomic practices such as cultivar selection and cultivation should be furthur standardized for the purpose of increasing yield and quality of A. Macrocephala.
4. The suitable techniques for superior cultivar selection was studied from two ways of sexual and asexual reproduction by using A. Macrocephala plants with such charaters as dwarf plants, deep green leaves with the shape of yams and strong disease resistance, which was selected during cultivation research for many years. The study on the effect of the varieties, concentrations, treatment times of hormones and culture substrate ratios with four independent experiments by orthogonal design showed that, the soft-wood cuttings of A. macrocephala soaked with NAA, IBA, NAA+IBA and Guo guang sheng gen (a commercial plant regulator containing NAA) solutions all rooted and survived normally. On the basis of the results above, the optimum rooting conditions for soft-wood cutting of A. macrocephala was selected by using expression analysis. Another field experiment incluing two factors, planting density and flower buds per plant, and with 1000 grain weight, plump seed ratio, and germination rate of A. macrocephala seeds as objective parameters, showed shat, the optimum seed quality was obtained at planting spacing 40×40 cm, and five flower buds leaved per plant. This results provide important basis for GAP of A. macrocephala.
5. Aiming at solve the problem of serious disease and high shoot death rate in he production of A. macrocephala in Zhejiang Province, two experiments on the effects of different kind, concentration and treating time by fungicides on shoot death rate, disease control efficiency, seed emergence rate and full emergence date was conducted, and the techniques for fungicide application was optimized as, soaking the transplanting shoots 24 h with Duoyangqing No. 2 (a commercial fungicide) solution with the concentration 2000 times, or irrigate root zone with Kangdileide (another commercial fungicide) solution with the concentration 1000 times.
The residues of Carbendazim, a fungicide with high application frequency in A. Macrocephala production, in rhizoma of A. Macrocephala of different harvesting time was also determinated by HPLC techniques. According to the results, the recommendations of harvest time was proposted that, the harvest time should not be less than 40 days after Carbendazim application.
引文
[1]郭巧生.药用植物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004. 140, 245-252.
[2]李金兰.术的本草研究[J].药学实践杂志, 1996, (14): 202.
[3]南京中医药大学.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2007. 376.
[4]徐春梅.明代以前中药气味理论的源流与成就[J].中医文献杂志, 2007, (3): 51.
[5]陆国辉.《黄帝内经》药性理论钩沉[J].江西中医学院学报, 2007, (4): 25-26.
[6]彭华胜.我国历代术属药材商品沿革与分化[J].中华医史杂志, 2007, 1: 65-66.
[7]杨汝峰.说说中药[J].开卷有益·求医问药, 2007, (1): 21.
[8]阮时宝.白术的历代应用研究[J].福建中医学院学报, 2007, (4): 17.
[9]李恒华,廖婷婷.浅谈白术的研究、应用及开发重点[J].重庆中草药研究, 2007, (2): 55-61.
[10]李家实.中药鉴定学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1996. 202-203.
[11]陈柳蓉.紫外分光光度法测定白术中苍术酮的含量[J].浙江医科大学学报, 1996, 25(6): 286-288.
[12] Isabella S, George B N, Erika J J. Review of novel particulate antigen delivery systems with special focus on treatment of type I allergy [J]. Journal of Controlled Release, 2005, 104(1): 1-27.
[13] Huberty M C, Vath J E, Yu W, et al. Site-specific carbohydrate identification in recombinant proteins using MALD-TOF-MS [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1993, 65(20): 2791-2800.
[14]张强,李章万.白术挥发油成分的分析[J].华西药学杂志, 1997, 12(2): 119-120.
[15]陈仲良.白术的化学成分Ⅱ白术三醇的2-甲基丁酰衍生物[J].化学学报, 1989, 47: 1022-1024.
[16]黄宝山.白术内酯Ⅳ的分离鉴定[J].植物学报, 1992, 34(8): 616-617.
[17]林永成.中药白术中一种新的双倍半萜内酯[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1995, 35(2): 75-76.
[18]池玉梅,李伟,文红梅,等.白术多糖的分离纯化和化学结构的研究[J].中药材, 2001, 24(9): 647-648.
[19]苗明三,李振国.现代实用中药质量控制技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000. 331-335.
[20]吕圭源,李万里,刘明哲.白术抗衰老作用研究[J].中国现代应用药学, 1996, 13(5): 26-29.
[21]李怀荆.白术水煎剂对老年小鼠抗衰老作用影响[J].佳木斯医学院学报, 1996, 19(1): 9-10.
[22]中华人民共和国药政管理局.现代实用本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 1997. 2481.
[23]周海虹.白术提取物对子宫平滑肌作用的研究[J].安徽中医学院学报, 1993, 12(4): 39-40.
[24]郑天珍,李伟,瞿颂义,等.枳实、白术对大鼠离体胃各部位平滑肌条的作用[J].甘肃科学学报, 1998, 10(3): 65-68.
[25]朱金照,冷恩仁,桂先勇,等.白术、藿香等中药对胃排空肠推进影响的实验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2000, 6(1): 21-23.
[26]朱金照,张捷,许其增,等.白术促进大鼠胃肠道运动的机制探讨[J].中国临床药学杂志, 2001, 10(6): 365-368.
[27]朱金照,张捷,冷恩仁.中药白术对大鼠胃肌电紊乱调节作用的机制探讨[J].第三军医大学学报, 2003, 25(8): 698-700.
[28]马晓松,樊雪萍,陈忠,等.白术对动物胃肠运动的作用及其机制的探讨[J].中华消化杂志, 1996, 16(5): 261-264.
[29]周德文,周立勇编译.术类的药理和药效[J].国外医药·植物药分册, 1996, 11(3): 120-122.
[30]刘思贞,邵玉芹,祝希娴.白术药理研究进展[J].时珍国医国药, 1999, (8): 634-637.
[31] Huang H L, Chen C C, Yeh C Y, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediation of Baizhu-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells [J]. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 97(1): 21-29.
[32]董海燕,董亚琳,贺浪冲,等.白术抗炎活性成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志, 2007,42(14): 1055-1059.
[33] Endo K, Togchi T, Toguchi F. Antiinflammatory Pinciples of Atractylodes rhizomas[J]. Cham Pham Bull, 1997, 27: 1954-1958.
[34] Li W. Study on quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Determination of atractylenolides by HPLC [J]. Chin. J. Pharm. Anal., 2001, 21(3): 170-172.
[35]崔小兵,李璇,洪敏,等.白术健脾有效成分研究[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版), 2006(6): 366-367.
[36]郝延军,桑育黎,李宝林,等.白术内酯Ⅰ及白术内酯Ⅲ对唾液淀粉酶活性的影响[J].时珍国医国药, 2006, 9(17): 1617-1618.
[37]杜培凤,聂进红.白术研究综述[J].齐鲁药事, 2004, 23(9): 41-43.
[38]马允慰,吴坤平,胡小鹰,等.白术对家兔离体肠管活动的影响[J].中成药研究, 1982, 12: 26-27.
[39]徐淑贞,修虹.薄层色谱法对观音健胃茶中黄芪、白术、陈皮的鉴别[J].海峡药学, 1997, 9(4): 15-16.
[40] Zhang Y Q, Xu S B, Lin Y C, et a1. Antagonistic effects of sesquiterpene lactones from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on ratuterine contraction in vitro [J]. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2000, 21(1): 91-96.
[41]冉先穗.中华药海[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨出版社, 1998. 1588-1589.
[42] Tang D F, Hao Y H, Liu Z Y, et al. The constituents of the essential oil from rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala produced in Pingjiang and their antitumor effect [J]. Chi. Pharm. Bull., 1984, 19(9): 43.
[43]王求淦.白术产地加工[J].中国中药杂志, 1991(16): 343.
[44]石厚生.白术的采收与加工[J].中国中药杂志, 1989, 14(11): 27.
[45]马云,高学琴,宋玉萍.白术采收加工和炮制[J].时珍国医国药, 2000, 11(4): 3071.
[46]朱国琼,高岚.白术古今炮制述要[J].基层中药杂志, 1998, 12(3): 17.
[47]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(上册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1993. 670.
[48]蒋天佑.白术的研究进展[J].中医药研究, 1991, 11(5): 56-59.
[49]王承颂,吕智.关于麸炒白术炮制的讨论[J].中药通报, 1983, 8(5): 8.
[50]徐楚江.中药炮制学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1985. 72.
[51]易炳学,龚千锋,曹君,等.白术炮制的初步研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2006, 17(7): 1244-1245.
[52]于永明,宋长义,贾天柱.白术炮制品的质量标准研究[J].中成药, 2005, 27(6): 669-672.
[53]王明喜.白术不能用红砖粉炮制[J].医学理论与实践, 2006, 19(8): 983-984.
[54]凌小牛.红砖细粉炒制白术有害[J].中国中药杂志, 1992, 17(4): 216.
[55]肖培根.新编中药志(第一卷) [M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[56]李玉新.白术的药用价值及高产栽培技术[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 1: 57-58.
[57]黄力刚.白术栽培技术[J].安徽农学通报, 2005, 3: 75.
[58]黄庭武,谢志嘉.白术人工栽培技术要点[J].安徽农业, 2004, 07: 33.
[59]李洪军.白术栽培技术[J].农业新技术, 2004, 1: 7-8.
[60]付顺华,陈斌龙,何福基,等.白术植株性状的相关性研究[J].中药材, 2003, 26(10): 695-697.
[61]何福基,陈斌龙,何浩亮,等.白术主要性状遗传分析与优良产地和优株选择[J].浙江林学院学报, 2005, 22(5): 524-529.
[62]王启苗,方志高.白术人工栽培技术[J].农业科技与信息, 2004, 09: 40-41.
[63]刘英慧,赵来顺.白术根腐病研究初报[J].中草药, 1990, 21(6): 32-33.
[64]庞阿土.白术白绢病防治研究[J].植物保护学报, 1983, 10(2): 85-91.
[65]潘兰兰,郑永利,吕先真.白术主要病害的发生及综合治理[J].浙江农业科学, 2006, 3: 315-318.
[66]鲁文安,肖启明.白术新病害——白术纹枯病的初步研究[J].中药材, 1993, 16(1): 8-9.
[67]乐巍,王永珍.白术栽培中主要病害防治研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2001, 12(6): 575-576.
[68]郭汉玖,杨永康,廖朝林,等.白术主要病虫害及其防治技术[J].农技服务, 2007, 24(10): 87-89.
[69]杨永康,曾庆国,廖朝林等.咸丰白术规范化生产操作规程研究[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2004, 18(4): 51-59.
[70]庄文庆.药用植物育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1993. 207-211.
[71]周日宝,王朝晖.湖南道地药材白术组织培养及再生植株的试验[J].湖南林业科技, 2001, 28(4): 79-80.
[72]李慧.白术的组织培养[J].特种经济动植物, 2002, 27(7): 27.
[73]彭菲,周日宝,张喜利.白术侧芽离体诱导的实验研究[J].湖南中医学院学报, 2001, 21(4): 26-28.
[74]沈银柱,孟庆春,周金树,等.白术侧芽培养和快速繁殖[J].植物生理学通讯, 1987, 3:39-41.
[75]陈娟,潘开文,辜彬,等.白术叶片再生植株和丛生芽快繁的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(11): 65-69.
[76]朱玉球,夏国华,方慧刚,等.白术组培快繁技术[J].中药材, 2006, 29(3): 212-213.
[77]周日宝,王朝晖.白术同源四倍体诱导[J].基层中药杂志, 2001, 15(6): 16-17.
[78]程心旻,高山林,卞云云.白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2003, 12(1): 16-20.
[79]唐宁,汪福源,高山林.白术同源四倍体农艺性状和抗氧化酶活性的研究[J].药物生物技术, 2006, 13(6): 442-445.
[80]唐宁,高山林.白术同源四倍体株系的鉴定和有效成分的含量测定[J].药物生物技术, 2006, 13(2): 102-106.
[81]杨世海.中药资源学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006. 27-29, 34-35, 119-145.
[82]魏龙骤.医话四则[J].新医药学杂志, 1978, 4: 9.
[83]刘联.重用白术治疗便秘34例疗效观察[J].福建中医, 1981, 1: 36.
[84]马允慰,吴坤平,胡小鹰,等.白术对家兔离休肠管活动的影响[J].中成药研究, 1982, 12: 26.
[85]范华光,林永华.生白术治疗妇科手术后便秘50例分析[J].新医药学杂志, 1979, 6: 27.
[86]朱南山,张彬,李丽立,等.白术多糖对仔猪血淋巴细胞转化及信号转导相关分子的影响[J].华北农学报, 2007, 22(2): 18-21.
[87]彭慧珍,李丽立,张彬,等.白术粗多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 32(6): 648-651.
[88]单体中,汪以真.白术的生物学功能及其应用前景[J].中国饲料, 2005(18):25-27.
[89]叶水泉.抗衰益寿话白术[J].健康, 1994, 1: 36.
[90]杜福祥.白术的食用养生经[J].开卷有益·求医问药, 2004, 1: 28-29.
[91]卫生部卫法监发[2002]51号.关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知[S].
[92]孙丽玫.高级白术、芦荟美容护肤霜的研制[J].牙膏工业, 2004, 1: 35-36.
[93]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草精选本(下册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社, 1998.
[94]连晓鸣,康豹.天台县传统经济社会文化调查[M].民族出版社, 2005. 71-74.
[95]邹久安.山地种白术获好收入[J].农村新技术杂志, 2003, 10(2): 24-30.
[96]陈兴福,刘思勋,刘岁荣,等.白术生长土壤的研究[J].中药研究与信息, 2003, 5(7): 12-16.
[97]王家葵,王佳黎,贾君君.中药材品种沿革及地道性[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2007. 256-260.
[98]胡世林,廖福龙.中药材道地性与生物多样性[J].中国医药学报, 1999, 14(5): 16-19.
[99]陈斌龙.磐安中药材乡土人才培训教材[M].磐安县中药材生产办公室, 2004. 1-78.
[100]陈斌龙.磐安中药材标准化生产管理手册[M].磐安县中药材生产办公室, 2004. 15-41.
[101]李敏,吴锐.中药材GAP实施与认证[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2006. 36-38.
[102]钟国焱.试探价值规律与供求——价格规律的关系[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版), 2003, (69): 90-92.
[103]陈臻,叶建平.中药材实用栽培与加工技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2004. 1-44.
[104]许冬梅.扩种绿肥的重要性及发展对策[J].安徽农学通报, 2008, 14(3): 54-55.
[105]陈泽美.发展绿肥生产是提高农业效益的重要措施[J].耕作与栽培, 1995, 4: 37-38.
[106]李海云,王静,吕福堂,等.生物菌肥发展现状与展望[J].土壤肥料, 2008, 10: 53-54.
[107]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报, 2003, 8(1): 14-18.
[108]李宝平,苏仙绒.试谈植物相生相克效应的应用[J].运城高专学报, 1999, 4: 23-24.
[109]方绮军,傅昀,程世清.植物之间生化他感作用的研究及其应用[J].云南农业大学学报, 1999, 14(2): 206-210.
[110]翁榕安.根茎类药用植物高效生产新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006. 21-27.
[111]周翠英.白术种植与采收[J].技术与市场杂志, 2002, 4(3): 300-304.
[112]叶至诚,叶立诚.调研方法与调研报告[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2002. 50-72.
[113]陈德昌.现代实用本草(上册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 1997.
[114]储开江,潘秋祥,李林,等.白术“浙术1号、浙术2号”区域试验初报[J].中药材, 2007, 30(11): 1360-1363.
[115]储开江,潘秋祥,李林,等. 2个白术品种区域试验初报[J].浙江林学院学报, 2008, 25(1): 127-130.
[116]陈斌龙.白术术栽形状与产量品质相关性研究[J].特产研究, 2006, (3): 32-33.
[117]杨继祥,田义新.药用植物栽培学(第二版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2004: 108.
[118]马辉,张智俊,罗淑萍,等.药用植物白术DNA提取方法的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报, 2007, 30(2): 13-16.
[119]牛立元,茹振钢,赵花周,等.小麦叶片叶绿素含量系统变化规律研究[J].麦类作物, 1999, 19(2): 36-38.
[120]范淑秀,陈温福.超高产水稻品种叶绿素变化规律研究初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2005, 36(1): 14-17.
[121]王建林,徐正进,高峰.杂交稻与常规稻叶绿素变化规律的研究[J].辽宁农业科学, 2001, 5: 18-21.
[122]张兴国,程方叙,文便便,等.生态环境及生育年限对白术光合产物积累特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(26): 1408-1409.
[123]白岩.几种药用植物光合生理特性的比较研究[D].河北农业大学,硕士论文, 2004.
[124]徐克章,张治安,刘振库,等.高粱叶片比叶重的变化与产量关系的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 1998, 20(2): 11-13.
[125]陈金平,李利红,周新国,等.共生期土壤水分对麦棉套种冬小麦比叶重、WUE和产量的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2006, 26(5): 1048-1052.
[126]徐惠风,刘兴土,金研铭,等.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2003, 19(2): 97-100.
[127] VOS J, BOM M. Hand-held "chlorophyll meter", a promising tool to assess the nitrogen status of potato foliage [J]. Potato Research, 1993, 16(3): 301-305.
[128]张旭乐.白术在浙南的规范化栽培关键技术研究[J].浙江农业科学, 2006, 4: 388.
[129]孙磊,张成军,陈国祥,等.光逆境下小麦旗叶类囊体膜特性的变化[J].湖北农业科学, 2006, 45(4): 420-423.
[130]白宝璋,周岚,魏淑琴.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2008. 126-128.
[131]胡长玉,陈爱珍,张慧冲,等.安徽野生祁门白术生物学特性研究初报[J].黄山学院学报, 2004, 6(6): 80-81.
[132] Mokany K, Raison R J., Prokushkin A S. Critical analysis of root: shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes[J]. Global Change Biology, 2005, 11: 12-13.
[133]张强,李自超,傅秀林,等.不同株穗型水稻超高产品种叶绿素含量变化规律及籽粒灌浆动态研究[J].作物学报, 2005, 31(9): 1198-1206.
[134]朱哲燕,鲍一丹,黄敏,等.油菜叶绿素与氮含量关系的试验研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2006, 32 (2): 152-154.
[135] Fritschi F B, Ray J D. Soybean leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio [J]. Photosynthetica 2007(3): 92-98.
[136]周竹青,张清良.小麦品种(系)叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系研究[J].孝感学院学报, 2001, 26 (1): 5-7.
[137]欧志远.叶绿素含量与植物抗病性的关系[J].安徽农学通报, 2007, 6: 134-135.
[138]杨丹,曲柏宏.苹果梨叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律[J].湖北农业科学, 2007, 46(4): 585-586.
[139]张含彬,任万军,杨文钰,等.不同施氮量对套作大豆根系形态与生理特性的影响[J].作物学报, 2007, 33(1): 109-112.
[140]廖育林,郑圣先,戴平安,等.磷钾硼锌肥对百合白术产量和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤通报, 2006, 37(6): 1146-1151.
[141]伍中兴.白术最佳复混肥施肥用量初探[J].耕作与栽培, 2007, 3: 36-37.
[142] Humphries E C. Effects of removal of part of a root systemon subsequent growth of the root and shoot [J]. Ann. Bot., 1998, 22: 251-257.
[143] Szaniawaki R K. Adaptation and functional balance between shoot and root activities of sunflower plants grown at different root temperature [J]. Ann. Bot., 1983, 51: 453-459.
[144]徐克章,张治安,陈星,等.人参叶片比叶重特性的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 1994, 16(4): 39-42.
[145]中国医学科学院药用植物资源开发研究所.中国药用植物栽培学[M].北京:农业出版社, 1991: 651.
[146]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005: 68,附录56,附录57.
[147]龙全江,徐雪琴,胡昀.白术的化学、药理与炮制研究进展[J].中医药信息杂志, 2004,11: 1033-1034.
[148]李伟,崔小兵,李璇,等.白术健脾有效成分研究[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 22(6): 366-367.
[149]郝延军.白术炮制原理的研究[D].辽宁中医药大学,博士论文, 2006: 29, 112-129.
[150]刘伟祥,黎琼红,谢晨,等. HPLC法测定白术中的白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ[J].中草药, 2007, 38(8): 1261-1262.
[151]李伟,文红梅,张爱华,等.白术质量标准研究Ⅰ-HPLC法测定2种白术内酯的含量[J].药物分析杂志, 2001, 21(3): 170-172.
[152]李伟,文红梅,崔小兵,等. HPLC法测定白术中白术内酯Ⅱ的含量[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2005, 19(5): 35-36.
[153]文红梅,张爱华,王莉,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅰ含量的影响[J].中药材, 1999, 22(3): 125-126.
[154]文红梅,李伟,吴皓,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅲ含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志, 1997, 22(11): 662-663.
[155]文红梅,李伟,崔小兵,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅱ含量的影响[J].中药材, 2006, 29(5): 497-498.
[156]潘秋祥.白术摘蕾与剪蕾效果对比研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2005, 33(5): 848.
[157] Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug Analysis [M]. Hong Kong: Springer Press, 1995. 33-179.
[158]谢培山.中药色谱指纹图谱[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2004. 425.
[159]黎琼红,马兴田,谢晨,等.白术药材的指纹图谱研究[J].中草药, 2007, 38(6): 929.
[160] Hikino H, Hikno Y, Yosioka I. Studies on the constituents of AtractylodzⅨstructure and autoxidation of atractylone [J]. Cham. Pharm. Bull., 1996, 12(7): 755-765.
[161]杨晓盆,王跃进.植物生长调节剂对叶子花扦插生根效应的研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 1999, 19(3): 238 -240, 277.
[162]陈登雄,蔡邦平,董建文,等.使君子扦插繁殖技术[J].浙江林学院学报, 2000, 17(4): 384-388.
[163]明道绪.田间试验与统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005. 247-265.
[164]苑玉凤.多指标正交试验分析[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2005, 19(4): 53-56.
[165]郑伟,王彬.生根剂和扦插基质对蚊净香草生根的影响[J].广西园艺, 2005, 16(1): 11-12.
[166]张雪平,汪圣华.不同基质对一串红扦插生根的影响[J].中国林副特产, 2008, 9(3): 25-27.
[167]王文英,翁和录,刑世岩.植物生长调节剂在扦插繁殖中的应用[J].科技园地, 2002, 7: 9-10.
[168]白宝璋,杨剑平,厉秀茹,等.植物生理学(上:理论教程)[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2003. 162-165, 187-188.
[169]杨晓盆,王跃进.植物生长调节剂对叶子花扦插生根效应的研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 1999, 19(3): 238 -240, 277.
[170] Van der Krieken W M, Breteler H, Visser M, et al. The role of the conversion of IBA into IAA on root regeneration in apple: Introduction of test system [J]. Plant Cell Rep., 1993, 12: 203-206.
[171]刘文和. ABT生根粉与NAA,IAA,IBA在扦插育苗中的效果比较[J].江苏林业科技, 2001, 28(1): 22-24.
[172]李福秀,包世勇,王仕民.不同基质与激素对北美红杉嫩枝扦插生根的影响[J].西南林学院学报, 2003, 23(3): 13-16.
[173]赵选民.实验设计方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005. 18-23.
[174]李初英,宋佩文.红麻夏播秋插植留种密度研究[J].中国麻作, 1998, 20(1): 29-34.
[175]王显国,韩建国,刘富渊,等.穴播条件下株行距对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[J].中国草地学报, 2006, 28(2): 28-32.
[176]官玲亮,吴卫,郑有良,等.油用型红花主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量间的相关及通径分析[J].西南农业学报, 2007, 20(3): 486-491.
[177]徐子英.作物单株产量与株行距的关系[J].山西农业科学, 1997, 25(4): 52-54.
[178]福田达男.白术的栽培研究(第2报):出芽及发芽特性(日)[J].生药学杂志, 1993, 47(4): 345-350.
[179]张慧冲,胡长玉,胡晓倩.祁白术结实率及发芽率的研究[J].黄山学院学报, 2004, 6(6): 77-79.
[180]沈宇峰,王志安,俞旭平,等.白术种子生活力测定方法及其与发芽率的相关性研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2008, 33(3): 248-250.
[181]段明华,原雅玲,赵锦丽,等白术根茎腐烂与栽培措施的相关性[J].西北植物学报, 1996, 16(5): 24-27.
[182]胡琼波,徐泽安.白术白绢病发病规律调查[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 3: 49-51.
[183]臧少先,卢伟红,王桂英,等.白术黑斑病的发病规律和防治[J].河北科技师范学院学报, 2005, 19(2): 46-61.
[184]鲁文安,肖启明.白术新病害——白术纹枯病的初步研究[J].中药材, 1993, 16(1): 8-9.
[185]杨红丽.西瓜田农药与硒肥混施试验[J].北方园艺, 2007, 5: 12-13.
[186]熊立新,胡琼波.白术白绢病的药剂防治研究[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 4: 61-62.
[187]安信伯,李德新,姚克荣,等.白术根腐病发生规律研究[J].河北林果研究, 2007, 22(1): 65-68.
[188]茹水江,王汉荣,王连平,等.白术白绢病病原生物学特性及其防治药剂筛选[J].浙江农业学报, 2007, 19(6): 439-443.
[189]杨成前,宋廷杰,吴中宝,等.白术根腐病发生危害与防治调查[J].中药材, 2007, 30(5): 517-519.
[190]王慧中,赵培洁.多效有机菌肥防治白术白绢病的研究[J].中草药, 2000, 31(7): 546-547.
[191]潘秋祥,潘显能,袁伯新,等.“连作”生物有机肥在白术重茬中的应用效果[J].河北农业科学, 2008, 12 (5): 57, 59.
[192]刘乾开,朱国念.新编农药使用手册(第二版)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1999.
[193]吴丽明,黄伯俊.多菌灵对小鼠精子形态及雄鼠生育力的影响[J].职学, 1992, 19(l): 11-12.
[194]化工部农药信息站,化工部原化肥司,化工部合成材料研究院.化工产品手册——农用化学品[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 1996. 277-281.
[195]桂文君,黄雅丽,吴慧明.多菌灵在柑桔及土壤中的HPLC残留分析方现代农药, 2004, 3(3): 25-27.
[196]王明月,袁宏球,王秀兰.高效液相色谱法测定多菌灵农药的有效成分的含量[J].热带农业科学, 2004, 24(1): 23-26.
[197]郝金芝.高效液相色谱法测定水果中的多菌灵[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2004, 14(5): 586-587.
[198]郭瑞刚,范崇辉,赵政阳,等. HPLC法对苹果中多菌灵残留及其消解动态的测定[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(9): 63-65.
[199]余向阳,骆爱兰,刘贤进.小麦中多菌灵残留的HPLC分析方法研究[J].现代农药, 2004, 3(1): 17-19.
[200]蒋新田,丁明.多菌灵的荧光法测定研究[J].分析化学, 1989, 17(9): 823-825.
[201]丁明.多菌灵红外光谱定量分析研究[J].农药, 1989, 28(1): 16-17.
[202] Chiba M. Progress in clean-up and derivatization techniques for pesticide residue analysis [J]. Pesticide science and biotechnology, 1987, 11: 337-340.
[203]陈建立,姜敏怡.多菌灵薄层-紫外分析方法研究[J].农药, 1986, 4: 6-7.
[204]李俊凯,易金兰,程玲.柑桔中多菌灵残留量紫外光谱分析[J].湖北农学院学报, 2001, 21(2): 131-134.
[205] Amadeo RF-A, Ana T, Ana A. Determination of imidacloprid and benzimidazole residues in fruits and vegetablesby liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after ethylacetate multi-residu extraction [J]. JAOAC International, 2000, 83(3): 748-755.
[206] Rodney J B, Heather L H, Jasotha K, et al. Determination carbendazim in blue berries by reversedphase high-perfomance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography, 1991, 58 (7): 321-324.
[2]李金兰.术的本草研究[J].药学实践杂志, 1996, (14): 202.
[3]南京中医药大学.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2007. 376.
[4]徐春梅.明代以前中药气味理论的源流与成就[J].中医文献杂志, 2007, (3): 51.
[5]陆国辉.《黄帝内经》药性理论钩沉[J].江西中医学院学报, 2007, (4): 25-26.
[6]彭华胜.我国历代术属药材商品沿革与分化[J].中华医史杂志, 2007, 1: 65-66.
[7]杨汝峰.说说中药[J].开卷有益·求医问药, 2007, (1): 21.
[8]阮时宝.白术的历代应用研究[J].福建中医学院学报, 2007, (4): 17.
[9]李恒华,廖婷婷.浅谈白术的研究、应用及开发重点[J].重庆中草药研究, 2007, (2): 55-61.
[10]李家实.中药鉴定学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1996. 202-203.
[11]陈柳蓉.紫外分光光度法测定白术中苍术酮的含量[J].浙江医科大学学报, 1996, 25(6): 286-288.
[12] Isabella S, George B N, Erika J J. Review of novel particulate antigen delivery systems with special focus on treatment of type I allergy [J]. Journal of Controlled Release, 2005, 104(1): 1-27.
[13] Huberty M C, Vath J E, Yu W, et al. Site-specific carbohydrate identification in recombinant proteins using MALD-TOF-MS [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1993, 65(20): 2791-2800.
[14]张强,李章万.白术挥发油成分的分析[J].华西药学杂志, 1997, 12(2): 119-120.
[15]陈仲良.白术的化学成分Ⅱ白术三醇的2-甲基丁酰衍生物[J].化学学报, 1989, 47: 1022-1024.
[16]黄宝山.白术内酯Ⅳ的分离鉴定[J].植物学报, 1992, 34(8): 616-617.
[17]林永成.中药白术中一种新的双倍半萜内酯[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1995, 35(2): 75-76.
[18]池玉梅,李伟,文红梅,等.白术多糖的分离纯化和化学结构的研究[J].中药材, 2001, 24(9): 647-648.
[19]苗明三,李振国.现代实用中药质量控制技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000. 331-335.
[20]吕圭源,李万里,刘明哲.白术抗衰老作用研究[J].中国现代应用药学, 1996, 13(5): 26-29.
[21]李怀荆.白术水煎剂对老年小鼠抗衰老作用影响[J].佳木斯医学院学报, 1996, 19(1): 9-10.
[22]中华人民共和国药政管理局.现代实用本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 1997. 2481.
[23]周海虹.白术提取物对子宫平滑肌作用的研究[J].安徽中医学院学报, 1993, 12(4): 39-40.
[24]郑天珍,李伟,瞿颂义,等.枳实、白术对大鼠离体胃各部位平滑肌条的作用[J].甘肃科学学报, 1998, 10(3): 65-68.
[25]朱金照,冷恩仁,桂先勇,等.白术、藿香等中药对胃排空肠推进影响的实验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2000, 6(1): 21-23.
[26]朱金照,张捷,许其增,等.白术促进大鼠胃肠道运动的机制探讨[J].中国临床药学杂志, 2001, 10(6): 365-368.
[27]朱金照,张捷,冷恩仁.中药白术对大鼠胃肌电紊乱调节作用的机制探讨[J].第三军医大学学报, 2003, 25(8): 698-700.
[28]马晓松,樊雪萍,陈忠,等.白术对动物胃肠运动的作用及其机制的探讨[J].中华消化杂志, 1996, 16(5): 261-264.
[29]周德文,周立勇编译.术类的药理和药效[J].国外医药·植物药分册, 1996, 11(3): 120-122.
[30]刘思贞,邵玉芹,祝希娴.白术药理研究进展[J].时珍国医国药, 1999, (8): 634-637.
[31] Huang H L, Chen C C, Yeh C Y, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediation of Baizhu-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells [J]. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 97(1): 21-29.
[32]董海燕,董亚琳,贺浪冲,等.白术抗炎活性成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志, 2007,42(14): 1055-1059.
[33] Endo K, Togchi T, Toguchi F. Antiinflammatory Pinciples of Atractylodes rhizomas[J]. Cham Pham Bull, 1997, 27: 1954-1958.
[34] Li W. Study on quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Determination of atractylenolides by HPLC [J]. Chin. J. Pharm. Anal., 2001, 21(3): 170-172.
[35]崔小兵,李璇,洪敏,等.白术健脾有效成分研究[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版), 2006(6): 366-367.
[36]郝延军,桑育黎,李宝林,等.白术内酯Ⅰ及白术内酯Ⅲ对唾液淀粉酶活性的影响[J].时珍国医国药, 2006, 9(17): 1617-1618.
[37]杜培凤,聂进红.白术研究综述[J].齐鲁药事, 2004, 23(9): 41-43.
[38]马允慰,吴坤平,胡小鹰,等.白术对家兔离体肠管活动的影响[J].中成药研究, 1982, 12: 26-27.
[39]徐淑贞,修虹.薄层色谱法对观音健胃茶中黄芪、白术、陈皮的鉴别[J].海峡药学, 1997, 9(4): 15-16.
[40] Zhang Y Q, Xu S B, Lin Y C, et a1. Antagonistic effects of sesquiterpene lactones from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on ratuterine contraction in vitro [J]. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2000, 21(1): 91-96.
[41]冉先穗.中华药海[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨出版社, 1998. 1588-1589.
[42] Tang D F, Hao Y H, Liu Z Y, et al. The constituents of the essential oil from rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala produced in Pingjiang and their antitumor effect [J]. Chi. Pharm. Bull., 1984, 19(9): 43.
[43]王求淦.白术产地加工[J].中国中药杂志, 1991(16): 343.
[44]石厚生.白术的采收与加工[J].中国中药杂志, 1989, 14(11): 27.
[45]马云,高学琴,宋玉萍.白术采收加工和炮制[J].时珍国医国药, 2000, 11(4): 3071.
[46]朱国琼,高岚.白术古今炮制述要[J].基层中药杂志, 1998, 12(3): 17.
[47]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(上册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1993. 670.
[48]蒋天佑.白术的研究进展[J].中医药研究, 1991, 11(5): 56-59.
[49]王承颂,吕智.关于麸炒白术炮制的讨论[J].中药通报, 1983, 8(5): 8.
[50]徐楚江.中药炮制学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1985. 72.
[51]易炳学,龚千锋,曹君,等.白术炮制的初步研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2006, 17(7): 1244-1245.
[52]于永明,宋长义,贾天柱.白术炮制品的质量标准研究[J].中成药, 2005, 27(6): 669-672.
[53]王明喜.白术不能用红砖粉炮制[J].医学理论与实践, 2006, 19(8): 983-984.
[54]凌小牛.红砖细粉炒制白术有害[J].中国中药杂志, 1992, 17(4): 216.
[55]肖培根.新编中药志(第一卷) [M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.
[56]李玉新.白术的药用价值及高产栽培技术[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 1: 57-58.
[57]黄力刚.白术栽培技术[J].安徽农学通报, 2005, 3: 75.
[58]黄庭武,谢志嘉.白术人工栽培技术要点[J].安徽农业, 2004, 07: 33.
[59]李洪军.白术栽培技术[J].农业新技术, 2004, 1: 7-8.
[60]付顺华,陈斌龙,何福基,等.白术植株性状的相关性研究[J].中药材, 2003, 26(10): 695-697.
[61]何福基,陈斌龙,何浩亮,等.白术主要性状遗传分析与优良产地和优株选择[J].浙江林学院学报, 2005, 22(5): 524-529.
[62]王启苗,方志高.白术人工栽培技术[J].农业科技与信息, 2004, 09: 40-41.
[63]刘英慧,赵来顺.白术根腐病研究初报[J].中草药, 1990, 21(6): 32-33.
[64]庞阿土.白术白绢病防治研究[J].植物保护学报, 1983, 10(2): 85-91.
[65]潘兰兰,郑永利,吕先真.白术主要病害的发生及综合治理[J].浙江农业科学, 2006, 3: 315-318.
[66]鲁文安,肖启明.白术新病害——白术纹枯病的初步研究[J].中药材, 1993, 16(1): 8-9.
[67]乐巍,王永珍.白术栽培中主要病害防治研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2001, 12(6): 575-576.
[68]郭汉玖,杨永康,廖朝林,等.白术主要病虫害及其防治技术[J].农技服务, 2007, 24(10): 87-89.
[69]杨永康,曾庆国,廖朝林等.咸丰白术规范化生产操作规程研究[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2004, 18(4): 51-59.
[70]庄文庆.药用植物育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1993. 207-211.
[71]周日宝,王朝晖.湖南道地药材白术组织培养及再生植株的试验[J].湖南林业科技, 2001, 28(4): 79-80.
[72]李慧.白术的组织培养[J].特种经济动植物, 2002, 27(7): 27.
[73]彭菲,周日宝,张喜利.白术侧芽离体诱导的实验研究[J].湖南中医学院学报, 2001, 21(4): 26-28.
[74]沈银柱,孟庆春,周金树,等.白术侧芽培养和快速繁殖[J].植物生理学通讯, 1987, 3:39-41.
[75]陈娟,潘开文,辜彬,等.白术叶片再生植株和丛生芽快繁的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(11): 65-69.
[76]朱玉球,夏国华,方慧刚,等.白术组培快繁技术[J].中药材, 2006, 29(3): 212-213.
[77]周日宝,王朝晖.白术同源四倍体诱导[J].基层中药杂志, 2001, 15(6): 16-17.
[78]程心旻,高山林,卞云云.白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2003, 12(1): 16-20.
[79]唐宁,汪福源,高山林.白术同源四倍体农艺性状和抗氧化酶活性的研究[J].药物生物技术, 2006, 13(6): 442-445.
[80]唐宁,高山林.白术同源四倍体株系的鉴定和有效成分的含量测定[J].药物生物技术, 2006, 13(2): 102-106.
[81]杨世海.中药资源学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006. 27-29, 34-35, 119-145.
[82]魏龙骤.医话四则[J].新医药学杂志, 1978, 4: 9.
[83]刘联.重用白术治疗便秘34例疗效观察[J].福建中医, 1981, 1: 36.
[84]马允慰,吴坤平,胡小鹰,等.白术对家兔离休肠管活动的影响[J].中成药研究, 1982, 12: 26.
[85]范华光,林永华.生白术治疗妇科手术后便秘50例分析[J].新医药学杂志, 1979, 6: 27.
[86]朱南山,张彬,李丽立,等.白术多糖对仔猪血淋巴细胞转化及信号转导相关分子的影响[J].华北农学报, 2007, 22(2): 18-21.
[87]彭慧珍,李丽立,张彬,等.白术粗多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 32(6): 648-651.
[88]单体中,汪以真.白术的生物学功能及其应用前景[J].中国饲料, 2005(18):25-27.
[89]叶水泉.抗衰益寿话白术[J].健康, 1994, 1: 36.
[90]杜福祥.白术的食用养生经[J].开卷有益·求医问药, 2004, 1: 28-29.
[91]卫生部卫法监发[2002]51号.关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知[S].
[92]孙丽玫.高级白术、芦荟美容护肤霜的研制[J].牙膏工业, 2004, 1: 35-36.
[93]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草精选本(下册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社, 1998.
[94]连晓鸣,康豹.天台县传统经济社会文化调查[M].民族出版社, 2005. 71-74.
[95]邹久安.山地种白术获好收入[J].农村新技术杂志, 2003, 10(2): 24-30.
[96]陈兴福,刘思勋,刘岁荣,等.白术生长土壤的研究[J].中药研究与信息, 2003, 5(7): 12-16.
[97]王家葵,王佳黎,贾君君.中药材品种沿革及地道性[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2007. 256-260.
[98]胡世林,廖福龙.中药材道地性与生物多样性[J].中国医药学报, 1999, 14(5): 16-19.
[99]陈斌龙.磐安中药材乡土人才培训教材[M].磐安县中药材生产办公室, 2004. 1-78.
[100]陈斌龙.磐安中药材标准化生产管理手册[M].磐安县中药材生产办公室, 2004. 15-41.
[101]李敏,吴锐.中药材GAP实施与认证[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2006. 36-38.
[102]钟国焱.试探价值规律与供求——价格规律的关系[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版), 2003, (69): 90-92.
[103]陈臻,叶建平.中药材实用栽培与加工技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2004. 1-44.
[104]许冬梅.扩种绿肥的重要性及发展对策[J].安徽农学通报, 2008, 14(3): 54-55.
[105]陈泽美.发展绿肥生产是提高农业效益的重要措施[J].耕作与栽培, 1995, 4: 37-38.
[106]李海云,王静,吕福堂,等.生物菌肥发展现状与展望[J].土壤肥料, 2008, 10: 53-54.
[107]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报, 2003, 8(1): 14-18.
[108]李宝平,苏仙绒.试谈植物相生相克效应的应用[J].运城高专学报, 1999, 4: 23-24.
[109]方绮军,傅昀,程世清.植物之间生化他感作用的研究及其应用[J].云南农业大学学报, 1999, 14(2): 206-210.
[110]翁榕安.根茎类药用植物高效生产新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006. 21-27.
[111]周翠英.白术种植与采收[J].技术与市场杂志, 2002, 4(3): 300-304.
[112]叶至诚,叶立诚.调研方法与调研报告[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2002. 50-72.
[113]陈德昌.现代实用本草(上册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 1997.
[114]储开江,潘秋祥,李林,等.白术“浙术1号、浙术2号”区域试验初报[J].中药材, 2007, 30(11): 1360-1363.
[115]储开江,潘秋祥,李林,等. 2个白术品种区域试验初报[J].浙江林学院学报, 2008, 25(1): 127-130.
[116]陈斌龙.白术术栽形状与产量品质相关性研究[J].特产研究, 2006, (3): 32-33.
[117]杨继祥,田义新.药用植物栽培学(第二版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2004: 108.
[118]马辉,张智俊,罗淑萍,等.药用植物白术DNA提取方法的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报, 2007, 30(2): 13-16.
[119]牛立元,茹振钢,赵花周,等.小麦叶片叶绿素含量系统变化规律研究[J].麦类作物, 1999, 19(2): 36-38.
[120]范淑秀,陈温福.超高产水稻品种叶绿素变化规律研究初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2005, 36(1): 14-17.
[121]王建林,徐正进,高峰.杂交稻与常规稻叶绿素变化规律的研究[J].辽宁农业科学, 2001, 5: 18-21.
[122]张兴国,程方叙,文便便,等.生态环境及生育年限对白术光合产物积累特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(26): 1408-1409.
[123]白岩.几种药用植物光合生理特性的比较研究[D].河北农业大学,硕士论文, 2004.
[124]徐克章,张治安,刘振库,等.高粱叶片比叶重的变化与产量关系的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 1998, 20(2): 11-13.
[125]陈金平,李利红,周新国,等.共生期土壤水分对麦棉套种冬小麦比叶重、WUE和产量的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2006, 26(5): 1048-1052.
[126]徐惠风,刘兴土,金研铭,等.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2003, 19(2): 97-100.
[127] VOS J, BOM M. Hand-held "chlorophyll meter", a promising tool to assess the nitrogen status of potato foliage [J]. Potato Research, 1993, 16(3): 301-305.
[128]张旭乐.白术在浙南的规范化栽培关键技术研究[J].浙江农业科学, 2006, 4: 388.
[129]孙磊,张成军,陈国祥,等.光逆境下小麦旗叶类囊体膜特性的变化[J].湖北农业科学, 2006, 45(4): 420-423.
[130]白宝璋,周岚,魏淑琴.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2008. 126-128.
[131]胡长玉,陈爱珍,张慧冲,等.安徽野生祁门白术生物学特性研究初报[J].黄山学院学报, 2004, 6(6): 80-81.
[132] Mokany K, Raison R J., Prokushkin A S. Critical analysis of root: shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes[J]. Global Change Biology, 2005, 11: 12-13.
[133]张强,李自超,傅秀林,等.不同株穗型水稻超高产品种叶绿素含量变化规律及籽粒灌浆动态研究[J].作物学报, 2005, 31(9): 1198-1206.
[134]朱哲燕,鲍一丹,黄敏,等.油菜叶绿素与氮含量关系的试验研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2006, 32 (2): 152-154.
[135] Fritschi F B, Ray J D. Soybean leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio [J]. Photosynthetica 2007(3): 92-98.
[136]周竹青,张清良.小麦品种(系)叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系研究[J].孝感学院学报, 2001, 26 (1): 5-7.
[137]欧志远.叶绿素含量与植物抗病性的关系[J].安徽农学通报, 2007, 6: 134-135.
[138]杨丹,曲柏宏.苹果梨叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律[J].湖北农业科学, 2007, 46(4): 585-586.
[139]张含彬,任万军,杨文钰,等.不同施氮量对套作大豆根系形态与生理特性的影响[J].作物学报, 2007, 33(1): 109-112.
[140]廖育林,郑圣先,戴平安,等.磷钾硼锌肥对百合白术产量和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤通报, 2006, 37(6): 1146-1151.
[141]伍中兴.白术最佳复混肥施肥用量初探[J].耕作与栽培, 2007, 3: 36-37.
[142] Humphries E C. Effects of removal of part of a root systemon subsequent growth of the root and shoot [J]. Ann. Bot., 1998, 22: 251-257.
[143] Szaniawaki R K. Adaptation and functional balance between shoot and root activities of sunflower plants grown at different root temperature [J]. Ann. Bot., 1983, 51: 453-459.
[144]徐克章,张治安,陈星,等.人参叶片比叶重特性的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报, 1994, 16(4): 39-42.
[145]中国医学科学院药用植物资源开发研究所.中国药用植物栽培学[M].北京:农业出版社, 1991: 651.
[146]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005: 68,附录56,附录57.
[147]龙全江,徐雪琴,胡昀.白术的化学、药理与炮制研究进展[J].中医药信息杂志, 2004,11: 1033-1034.
[148]李伟,崔小兵,李璇,等.白术健脾有效成分研究[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 22(6): 366-367.
[149]郝延军.白术炮制原理的研究[D].辽宁中医药大学,博士论文, 2006: 29, 112-129.
[150]刘伟祥,黎琼红,谢晨,等. HPLC法测定白术中的白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ[J].中草药, 2007, 38(8): 1261-1262.
[151]李伟,文红梅,张爱华,等.白术质量标准研究Ⅰ-HPLC法测定2种白术内酯的含量[J].药物分析杂志, 2001, 21(3): 170-172.
[152]李伟,文红梅,崔小兵,等. HPLC法测定白术中白术内酯Ⅱ的含量[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2005, 19(5): 35-36.
[153]文红梅,张爱华,王莉,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅰ含量的影响[J].中药材, 1999, 22(3): 125-126.
[154]文红梅,李伟,吴皓,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅲ含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志, 1997, 22(11): 662-663.
[155]文红梅,李伟,崔小兵,等.炮制对白术中白术内酯Ⅱ含量的影响[J].中药材, 2006, 29(5): 497-498.
[156]潘秋祥.白术摘蕾与剪蕾效果对比研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2005, 33(5): 848.
[157] Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug Analysis [M]. Hong Kong: Springer Press, 1995. 33-179.
[158]谢培山.中药色谱指纹图谱[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2004. 425.
[159]黎琼红,马兴田,谢晨,等.白术药材的指纹图谱研究[J].中草药, 2007, 38(6): 929.
[160] Hikino H, Hikno Y, Yosioka I. Studies on the constituents of AtractylodzⅨstructure and autoxidation of atractylone [J]. Cham. Pharm. Bull., 1996, 12(7): 755-765.
[161]杨晓盆,王跃进.植物生长调节剂对叶子花扦插生根效应的研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 1999, 19(3): 238 -240, 277.
[162]陈登雄,蔡邦平,董建文,等.使君子扦插繁殖技术[J].浙江林学院学报, 2000, 17(4): 384-388.
[163]明道绪.田间试验与统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005. 247-265.
[164]苑玉凤.多指标正交试验分析[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2005, 19(4): 53-56.
[165]郑伟,王彬.生根剂和扦插基质对蚊净香草生根的影响[J].广西园艺, 2005, 16(1): 11-12.
[166]张雪平,汪圣华.不同基质对一串红扦插生根的影响[J].中国林副特产, 2008, 9(3): 25-27.
[167]王文英,翁和录,刑世岩.植物生长调节剂在扦插繁殖中的应用[J].科技园地, 2002, 7: 9-10.
[168]白宝璋,杨剑平,厉秀茹,等.植物生理学(上:理论教程)[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2003. 162-165, 187-188.
[169]杨晓盆,王跃进.植物生长调节剂对叶子花扦插生根效应的研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 1999, 19(3): 238 -240, 277.
[170] Van der Krieken W M, Breteler H, Visser M, et al. The role of the conversion of IBA into IAA on root regeneration in apple: Introduction of test system [J]. Plant Cell Rep., 1993, 12: 203-206.
[171]刘文和. ABT生根粉与NAA,IAA,IBA在扦插育苗中的效果比较[J].江苏林业科技, 2001, 28(1): 22-24.
[172]李福秀,包世勇,王仕民.不同基质与激素对北美红杉嫩枝扦插生根的影响[J].西南林学院学报, 2003, 23(3): 13-16.
[173]赵选民.实验设计方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005. 18-23.
[174]李初英,宋佩文.红麻夏播秋插植留种密度研究[J].中国麻作, 1998, 20(1): 29-34.
[175]王显国,韩建国,刘富渊,等.穴播条件下株行距对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响[J].中国草地学报, 2006, 28(2): 28-32.
[176]官玲亮,吴卫,郑有良,等.油用型红花主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量间的相关及通径分析[J].西南农业学报, 2007, 20(3): 486-491.
[177]徐子英.作物单株产量与株行距的关系[J].山西农业科学, 1997, 25(4): 52-54.
[178]福田达男.白术的栽培研究(第2报):出芽及发芽特性(日)[J].生药学杂志, 1993, 47(4): 345-350.
[179]张慧冲,胡长玉,胡晓倩.祁白术结实率及发芽率的研究[J].黄山学院学报, 2004, 6(6): 77-79.
[180]沈宇峰,王志安,俞旭平,等.白术种子生活力测定方法及其与发芽率的相关性研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2008, 33(3): 248-250.
[181]段明华,原雅玲,赵锦丽,等白术根茎腐烂与栽培措施的相关性[J].西北植物学报, 1996, 16(5): 24-27.
[182]胡琼波,徐泽安.白术白绢病发病规律调查[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 3: 49-51.
[183]臧少先,卢伟红,王桂英,等.白术黑斑病的发病规律和防治[J].河北科技师范学院学报, 2005, 19(2): 46-61.
[184]鲁文安,肖启明.白术新病害——白术纹枯病的初步研究[J].中药材, 1993, 16(1): 8-9.
[185]杨红丽.西瓜田农药与硒肥混施试验[J].北方园艺, 2007, 5: 12-13.
[186]熊立新,胡琼波.白术白绢病的药剂防治研究[J].湖南农业科学, 2003, 4: 61-62.
[187]安信伯,李德新,姚克荣,等.白术根腐病发生规律研究[J].河北林果研究, 2007, 22(1): 65-68.
[188]茹水江,王汉荣,王连平,等.白术白绢病病原生物学特性及其防治药剂筛选[J].浙江农业学报, 2007, 19(6): 439-443.
[189]杨成前,宋廷杰,吴中宝,等.白术根腐病发生危害与防治调查[J].中药材, 2007, 30(5): 517-519.
[190]王慧中,赵培洁.多效有机菌肥防治白术白绢病的研究[J].中草药, 2000, 31(7): 546-547.
[191]潘秋祥,潘显能,袁伯新,等.“连作”生物有机肥在白术重茬中的应用效果[J].河北农业科学, 2008, 12 (5): 57, 59.
[192]刘乾开,朱国念.新编农药使用手册(第二版)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1999.
[193]吴丽明,黄伯俊.多菌灵对小鼠精子形态及雄鼠生育力的影响[J].职学, 1992, 19(l): 11-12.
[194]化工部农药信息站,化工部原化肥司,化工部合成材料研究院.化工产品手册——农用化学品[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 1996. 277-281.
[195]桂文君,黄雅丽,吴慧明.多菌灵在柑桔及土壤中的HPLC残留分析方现代农药, 2004, 3(3): 25-27.
[196]王明月,袁宏球,王秀兰.高效液相色谱法测定多菌灵农药的有效成分的含量[J].热带农业科学, 2004, 24(1): 23-26.
[197]郝金芝.高效液相色谱法测定水果中的多菌灵[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2004, 14(5): 586-587.
[198]郭瑞刚,范崇辉,赵政阳,等. HPLC法对苹果中多菌灵残留及其消解动态的测定[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(9): 63-65.
[199]余向阳,骆爱兰,刘贤进.小麦中多菌灵残留的HPLC分析方法研究[J].现代农药, 2004, 3(1): 17-19.
[200]蒋新田,丁明.多菌灵的荧光法测定研究[J].分析化学, 1989, 17(9): 823-825.
[201]丁明.多菌灵红外光谱定量分析研究[J].农药, 1989, 28(1): 16-17.
[202] Chiba M. Progress in clean-up and derivatization techniques for pesticide residue analysis [J]. Pesticide science and biotechnology, 1987, 11: 337-340.
[203]陈建立,姜敏怡.多菌灵薄层-紫外分析方法研究[J].农药, 1986, 4: 6-7.
[204]李俊凯,易金兰,程玲.柑桔中多菌灵残留量紫外光谱分析[J].湖北农学院学报, 2001, 21(2): 131-134.
[205] Amadeo RF-A, Ana T, Ana A. Determination of imidacloprid and benzimidazole residues in fruits and vegetablesby liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after ethylacetate multi-residu extraction [J]. JAOAC International, 2000, 83(3): 748-755.
[206] Rodney J B, Heather L H, Jasotha K, et al. Determination carbendazim in blue berries by reversedphase high-perfomance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography, 1991, 58 (7): 321-324.