校园内场景的虚拟漫游技术研究
摘要
虚拟漫游技术是一种跨学科的新技术,在建筑设计、室内建筑装潢、房地产开发、游戏设计等方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。
本文在研究了虚拟漫游技术及相关理论的基础上,基于3DS MAX平台,融合面向对象编程技术,设计与实现了校园内场景的虚拟漫游系统,主要进行了下面几个方面的工作:
(1)针对当前虚拟建筑漫游技术中使用的各种建模方法和建模工具,研究了利用3DS MAX软件建立建筑模型的方法。通过对各种建模方法的比较,结合工程实际,对原有的建模方法加以改进,提出适合校园建筑物建模的实用方法,即综合建模法。
(2)对于漫游场景中的外部景观,如花草树木、天空等模型的建立,本着系统简单化的原则,采用简单几何体表示其外形,然后用纹理映射来保证景物的真实感的方法,实现了对其模型的建立,该模型克服了已有建模中多边形数量多,系统不堪重负的缺点,取得了真实感较强的场景制作效果。
(3)将3DS MAX专用建模软件设计的比较复杂的室内外建筑模型,与VC++和OpenGL融合,设计了一个沿指定路线进行校园内场景漫游的系统。实现了对教学楼内、外场景的漫游。
(4)为使漫游的画面流畅地运行,对系统进行了优化设计。一是对不可见部分进行隐藏或删除;二是在程序设计时,使用了顶点集、多边形列表及相关三角形列表,使用了缓冲区与深度缓冲区的双缓冲机制等方法,简化了系统的复杂度,使得本系统能够生成每秒15帧以上的漫游动画,取得了较好的漫游效果。
实例证明,本文开发的校园内场景的虚拟漫游系统,保证了系统的显示速度,具有较好的真实感,满足用户对校园内场景虚拟游览的需要,漫游效果良好。
Technology of walkthrough is a type of new interdiscipline technology.It is very promising in the fields of architecture design,interior decoration estate development and computer game design.
Researched on the technology of virtual walkthrough and telated theory, based on 3DS MAX flatform fused with object oriented programming technology, this thesis designs and realizes visual walk-through system in scene of campus. This thesis mainly does the following items:
(1) To research the method of creating building model using 3DS MAX software against with different modeling methods and tool used in technology of virtual walkthrough in architecture environment at the present time. By comparing with various modeling means and linked with the real project,improve the original modeling manner and present a practical method of modeling architecture in campus:synthetic method.
(2) To use simple geometric object to express the outline,and then to use texture map to present real scene.To ensure the principle of simplified system,this mean is used in external scene of walkthrough system,such as plants and sky model.It is against the present method weakness of large quantity of polygon making heavy load on system,and can gain good reality scene effect.
(3) To design a walkthrough system along required route in campus, fusing the complex interior and exterior architecture model with VC++ and OpenGL.It relizes walk through in interior and exterior scene of teaching building.
(4) To design optimization system to make sure the trouble-free operation of walkthrough frame.One is hiding or delete the invisible part;another is using apex assemble、polygon list、related triangle table and double buffer.To simplified the complex system to generate walkthrough animation 15 frame per second.
A case study shows that the developed visual walk-through in scene of campus has good reality,make sure the speed of system display,satisfies the require of customer on visual walk-through in scene of campus and gets fine walkthrough effect.
本文在研究了虚拟漫游技术及相关理论的基础上,基于3DS MAX平台,融合面向对象编程技术,设计与实现了校园内场景的虚拟漫游系统,主要进行了下面几个方面的工作:
(1)针对当前虚拟建筑漫游技术中使用的各种建模方法和建模工具,研究了利用3DS MAX软件建立建筑模型的方法。通过对各种建模方法的比较,结合工程实际,对原有的建模方法加以改进,提出适合校园建筑物建模的实用方法,即综合建模法。
(2)对于漫游场景中的外部景观,如花草树木、天空等模型的建立,本着系统简单化的原则,采用简单几何体表示其外形,然后用纹理映射来保证景物的真实感的方法,实现了对其模型的建立,该模型克服了已有建模中多边形数量多,系统不堪重负的缺点,取得了真实感较强的场景制作效果。
(3)将3DS MAX专用建模软件设计的比较复杂的室内外建筑模型,与VC++和OpenGL融合,设计了一个沿指定路线进行校园内场景漫游的系统。实现了对教学楼内、外场景的漫游。
(4)为使漫游的画面流畅地运行,对系统进行了优化设计。一是对不可见部分进行隐藏或删除;二是在程序设计时,使用了顶点集、多边形列表及相关三角形列表,使用了缓冲区与深度缓冲区的双缓冲机制等方法,简化了系统的复杂度,使得本系统能够生成每秒15帧以上的漫游动画,取得了较好的漫游效果。
实例证明,本文开发的校园内场景的虚拟漫游系统,保证了系统的显示速度,具有较好的真实感,满足用户对校园内场景虚拟游览的需要,漫游效果良好。
Technology of walkthrough is a type of new interdiscipline technology.It is very promising in the fields of architecture design,interior decoration estate development and computer game design.
Researched on the technology of virtual walkthrough and telated theory, based on 3DS MAX flatform fused with object oriented programming technology, this thesis designs and realizes visual walk-through system in scene of campus. This thesis mainly does the following items:
(1) To research the method of creating building model using 3DS MAX software against with different modeling methods and tool used in technology of virtual walkthrough in architecture environment at the present time. By comparing with various modeling means and linked with the real project,improve the original modeling manner and present a practical method of modeling architecture in campus:synthetic method.
(2) To use simple geometric object to express the outline,and then to use texture map to present real scene.To ensure the principle of simplified system,this mean is used in external scene of walkthrough system,such as plants and sky model.It is against the present method weakness of large quantity of polygon making heavy load on system,and can gain good reality scene effect.
(3) To design a walkthrough system along required route in campus, fusing the complex interior and exterior architecture model with VC++ and OpenGL.It relizes walk through in interior and exterior scene of teaching building.
(4) To design optimization system to make sure the trouble-free operation of walkthrough frame.One is hiding or delete the invisible part;another is using apex assemble、polygon list、related triangle table and double buffer.To simplified the complex system to generate walkthrough animation 15 frame per second.
A case study shows that the developed visual walk-through in scene of campus has good reality,make sure the speed of system display,satisfies the require of customer on visual walk-through in scene of campus and gets fine walkthrough effect.
引文
[1]胡小强.虚拟现实技术.北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[2]刘祥.虚拟现实技术辅助建筑设计.机械工业出版社,2004:1-5.
[3]马登武,叶文,于凤全.虚拟现实技术及其在飞行仿真中的应用.国防工业出版社,2005.
[4](美)Grigore C.Burdea,(法)Philippe Coiffet.虚拟现实技术.电子工业出版社,2005.
[5]周祖德,陈幼平.虚拟现实与虚拟制造.湖北科学技术出版社.2005.
[6]张振.虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中的发展前景.建筑知识.2002/04
[7]陈志民,刘雄伟.建筑建模实例.机械工业出版社.2004.
[8]高志清.3DSMAX大型场景浏览动画制作经典范例.中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[9]王太吉.3DSMAX5.0精彩实例讲解.机械工业出版涩会,2003.
[10]刘正旭.3ds max 8建筑动画表现技法.中国电力出版社,2006.
[11]孙家光等.计算机图形学.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[12]Donald Hearn,M.Pauline Baker 著,蔡士杰等译.计算机图形学(第三版).北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[13]向世明.OpenGL编程与实例.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[14]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇).北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[15]钱能.C++程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[16]周霭如,林伟健等.C++程序设计基础.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[17]谢勇.Visual C++6.0实例精通.北京:科学出版社,2000.
[18]罗杰.面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现.大庆石油学院,2002.
[19]柳飞.建筑小区漫游系统及实现方法[J].山西建筑,2004,30(3):135-136.
[20]靳敏,郁宇.虚拟现实在学校建设中的应用[J].黑龙江工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,21(2):24-27.
[21]张立亭,周世健,陈竹安等.基于3D MAX的城市小区3维图的制作[J].测绘学院学报,2004,21(2):124-127.
[22]符强.基于VRML的虚拟校园的设计与实现[J].网络通讯与安全,2007,15(2):671-672,719.
[23]张卫,向遥.虚拟全景在建筑教学中的应用研究与实现[J].高等建筑教育,2005,14(2):96-98.
[24]吕希奎,易思蓉,何丽.OpenGL环境下的模型数据库管理与复杂三维建模[J].工程图学学报,2007,(2):12-16.
[25]方小峰.基于虚拟现实的城市规划三维仿真设计系统[J].计算机仿真,2007,24(3):230-234.285.
[26]Clark J.Hierarchical Geometric Models for Visible Surface Algorothms[J].Commuications of the ACM,1976:547-554.
[27]McMillan L,Bishop G.Plenoptic modeling:An image based rendering system[A].Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'95[C].Los Anggeles,LA,USA,1995:39-46.
[28]Paul S.Cameron,etc.Three-dimensional Volume renderuing of Spiral Data:Theory and Method [J]. RadiograPhics. 1999:745-764.
[29] Stytz M. Distributed virtual environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and AApplication, 1996, 16(3): 19-31.
[30] HAINES, E. 2001. Soft planar shadows using plateaus [J]. Journal of Graphics Tools 6,1,19-27.
[31] M.AIexa,J.Behr,D.Cohen,S.FIeislullan,D.Levin,C.TSilva. Point Set Surfaces[J]., Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2001:21-28.
[32] Bylinsky G. The marvels of virtual reality [J]. Fortune, 1991,138(5):47.
[33] Norbert Haala, Claus Brenner. Virtual city models from laster altimeter and 2D map data[A]. PE&RS'99[C], 1997:787-795.
[34] T.P.Grantcarov. Virtual reality computer simulation [J]. Surgical Endoscopy. 2001:242-244.
[35] Paper J, Kelk B. Three Dimensional GIS[J]. Georaphical Informational System Principles and Application. 1991,48(3):229-237.
[36] BRABECS., AND SEIDEL,H.P .2002. Single Sample Soft Shadows Using Depth Maps [J]. In Proc. Graphics Interface, 219-228.
[2]刘祥.虚拟现实技术辅助建筑设计.机械工业出版社,2004:1-5.
[3]马登武,叶文,于凤全.虚拟现实技术及其在飞行仿真中的应用.国防工业出版社,2005.
[4](美)Grigore C.Burdea,(法)Philippe Coiffet.虚拟现实技术.电子工业出版社,2005.
[5]周祖德,陈幼平.虚拟现实与虚拟制造.湖北科学技术出版社.2005.
[6]张振.虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中的发展前景.建筑知识.2002/04
[7]陈志民,刘雄伟.建筑建模实例.机械工业出版社.2004.
[8]高志清.3DSMAX大型场景浏览动画制作经典范例.中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[9]王太吉.3DSMAX5.0精彩实例讲解.机械工业出版涩会,2003.
[10]刘正旭.3ds max 8建筑动画表现技法.中国电力出版社,2006.
[11]孙家光等.计算机图形学.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[12]Donald Hearn,M.Pauline Baker 著,蔡士杰等译.计算机图形学(第三版).北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[13]向世明.OpenGL编程与实例.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[14]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇).北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[15]钱能.C++程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[16]周霭如,林伟健等.C++程序设计基础.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[17]谢勇.Visual C++6.0实例精通.北京:科学出版社,2000.
[18]罗杰.面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现.大庆石油学院,2002.
[19]柳飞.建筑小区漫游系统及实现方法[J].山西建筑,2004,30(3):135-136.
[20]靳敏,郁宇.虚拟现实在学校建设中的应用[J].黑龙江工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,21(2):24-27.
[21]张立亭,周世健,陈竹安等.基于3D MAX的城市小区3维图的制作[J].测绘学院学报,2004,21(2):124-127.
[22]符强.基于VRML的虚拟校园的设计与实现[J].网络通讯与安全,2007,15(2):671-672,719.
[23]张卫,向遥.虚拟全景在建筑教学中的应用研究与实现[J].高等建筑教育,2005,14(2):96-98.
[24]吕希奎,易思蓉,何丽.OpenGL环境下的模型数据库管理与复杂三维建模[J].工程图学学报,2007,(2):12-16.
[25]方小峰.基于虚拟现实的城市规划三维仿真设计系统[J].计算机仿真,2007,24(3):230-234.285.
[26]Clark J.Hierarchical Geometric Models for Visible Surface Algorothms[J].Commuications of the ACM,1976:547-554.
[27]McMillan L,Bishop G.Plenoptic modeling:An image based rendering system[A].Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'95[C].Los Anggeles,LA,USA,1995:39-46.
[28]Paul S.Cameron,etc.Three-dimensional Volume renderuing of Spiral Data:Theory and Method [J]. RadiograPhics. 1999:745-764.
[29] Stytz M. Distributed virtual environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and AApplication, 1996, 16(3): 19-31.
[30] HAINES, E. 2001. Soft planar shadows using plateaus [J]. Journal of Graphics Tools 6,1,19-27.
[31] M.AIexa,J.Behr,D.Cohen,S.FIeislullan,D.Levin,C.TSilva. Point Set Surfaces[J]., Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2001:21-28.
[32] Bylinsky G. The marvels of virtual reality [J]. Fortune, 1991,138(5):47.
[33] Norbert Haala, Claus Brenner. Virtual city models from laster altimeter and 2D map data[A]. PE&RS'99[C], 1997:787-795.
[34] T.P.Grantcarov. Virtual reality computer simulation [J]. Surgical Endoscopy. 2001:242-244.
[35] Paper J, Kelk B. Three Dimensional GIS[J]. Georaphical Informational System Principles and Application. 1991,48(3):229-237.
[36] BRABECS., AND SEIDEL,H.P .2002. Single Sample Soft Shadows Using Depth Maps [J]. In Proc. Graphics Interface, 219-228.