基于企业成长视角的产学研合作创新网络研究
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摘要
面对激烈的全球化竞争，为了取得可持续发展的竞争优势，上至国家下到企业，都迫切的需要借助创新的力量来占据核心优势。应运而生的创新网络，凭借资源共享、协同创新的优势，作为一种新型、有效的资源整合和配置的组织形式，开始在全球各个国家萌生和发展起来。网络化成长，成为了企业成长过程中一种重要的模式和策略。本文结合创新网络和企业成长理论，基于产学研合作，从企业成长的动态视角探讨了产学研合作创新网络的构建、治理、演化以及结构优化等问题。研究中采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法，既有理论模型的构建，也有实证案例的剖析以及数值仿真的模拟。
本文首先在文献梳理的基础上，整合了产学研合作、创新、网络组织的理论，构建了基于产学研合作的获取企业竞争优势的“沙漏模型”。并在此模型的基础上，引入企业成长理论，提出了基于企业成长视角的产学研合作创新网络模型，指出在企业的不同成长阶段，要依据企业的战略愿景和成长资源需求的不同，动态的选取适合企业成长阶段发展的创新网络组合，并重点分析了中小企业的创新网络选择。
之后，本文分析了网络治理的内涵以及网络治理环境的四重维度，从治理环境、治理边界、治理机制、治理目标等方面来构建产学研合作创新网络的治理的框架。通过分析产学研合作的本质以及该网络的发展特点、趋势，提出了产学研合作创新网络的演化路径模型。
进而，本文将复杂网络理论与创新网络研究相结合，基于matlab平台，模拟仿真了产学研合作创新网络的特征统计参数，借助小世界网络理论，分析了创新网络的整体结构特征，试图用这种基于创新网络中的节点间的微观作用机制，来体现和诠释创新网络的系统的宏观行为；结合基于博弈论的经济网络理论和小世界网络理论，研究产学研合作知识共享问题，分别构建了囚徒博弈模型和雪堆博弈模型的仿真流程，分析了产学研合作创新网络的知识共享以及创新产出。这种将网络建模和合作博弈的有机结合的研究方法，可能对经济管理中的许多问题有一定的适用性，为这类问题的研究提供一些借鉴和思考。
在本文的最后，主要采用案例分析的实证研究。通过剖析中兴通讯的成长案例以及美国硅谷、新竹科学工业园、北京中关村、天津滨海新区的创新网络的演进路径的特点，对本文构建的产学研合作创新网络的理论模型进行了验证和说明。
Facing the furious global competition, no matter a country or a firm is in direneed of innovation to get competitive advantage and core competitive ability. With theadvantage of resource sharing and coordinated innovation, as a new and efficientorganization form of optimizing resources, the innovation networks sprouted anddeveloped in the world. Network based growth has been an important mode andmechanism of firm growth. Combining the theory of innovation network and firmgrowth, based on the cooperation of industry, university and research institute, thispaper investigates the building, governance, evolution and structural optimization ofthe innovation network in the cooperation of industry, university and research institutefrom a dynamic angle of firm growth. By qualitative and quantitative method, thisresearch involves the building of theoretical model, empirical analysis of cases andnumerical simulation.
Firstly, based on the related literatures, this paper integrates the theory of thecooperation of industry-university-research institute, innovation and networkorganization, and builds the “Hourglass model” to obtain the competitiveadvantage based on Industry-University-Research Institute strategic alliance. Then,on the basis of the hourglass model, this research introduces the firm growth into themodel, and builds the model of innovation network in the cooperation of industry,university and research institute. We point that in the different growth stages, the firmsneed to choose different combination of innovation networks according to the variousstrategic intent and resource requirement in different growth stages, and analyseespecially on the selection of innovation networks of small and medium state-ownedenterprises.
Then, this research studies the meaning of network governance and the fourdimensions’ characteristic of governance environment, and derives a governancemodel of innovation networks in the cooperation of industry-university-researchinstitute in environment, boundaries, operating mechanism, and objective. Throughanalysis the cooperative nature of industry-university-research institute and thecharacteristics of the innovation networks, we propose a model of evolution path ofthe innovation network in the cooperation of industry-university-research institute.
Further, combining the complex network theory and innovation network research, this paper simulates the characteristic statistic parameters of innovation network in thecooperation of industry-university-research institute based on matlab platform. Weanalyze the structure characteristics of innovation network by the theory ofsmall-world network, and is trying to interpret the systemic macroscopic behavior ofinnovation network through miro-mechanism of network nodes. With the theory ofgame and small-world network, this paper studies the knowledge sharing in thecooperation of industry-university-research institute. We constructe the simulationflows of the prisoner’s dilemma game and snowdrift game, and discuss the knowledgesharing and innovative output of this innovation networks. By the combining ofnetwork modeling and cooperative game, this research approach is likely applicable tomany problems in the economic management, and can provide some referentialexperience to matters of this kind.
Finally, this paper is mainly about empirical analysis on cases. By explaining thecase about the growth of ZTE Corporation and the different characteristics ofevolution path of Silicon Valley, Hsinchu Science Industry Park, Zhongguancun andTianjin Binhai New Area, we verify the theoretical model of innovation networks inthe cooperation of industry-university-research institute.
本文首先在文献梳理的基础上，整合了产学研合作、创新、网络组织的理论，构建了基于产学研合作的获取企业竞争优势的“沙漏模型”。并在此模型的基础上，引入企业成长理论，提出了基于企业成长视角的产学研合作创新网络模型，指出在企业的不同成长阶段，要依据企业的战略愿景和成长资源需求的不同，动态的选取适合企业成长阶段发展的创新网络组合，并重点分析了中小企业的创新网络选择。
之后，本文分析了网络治理的内涵以及网络治理环境的四重维度，从治理环境、治理边界、治理机制、治理目标等方面来构建产学研合作创新网络的治理的框架。通过分析产学研合作的本质以及该网络的发展特点、趋势，提出了产学研合作创新网络的演化路径模型。
进而，本文将复杂网络理论与创新网络研究相结合，基于matlab平台，模拟仿真了产学研合作创新网络的特征统计参数，借助小世界网络理论，分析了创新网络的整体结构特征，试图用这种基于创新网络中的节点间的微观作用机制，来体现和诠释创新网络的系统的宏观行为；结合基于博弈论的经济网络理论和小世界网络理论，研究产学研合作知识共享问题，分别构建了囚徒博弈模型和雪堆博弈模型的仿真流程，分析了产学研合作创新网络的知识共享以及创新产出。这种将网络建模和合作博弈的有机结合的研究方法，可能对经济管理中的许多问题有一定的适用性，为这类问题的研究提供一些借鉴和思考。
在本文的最后，主要采用案例分析的实证研究。通过剖析中兴通讯的成长案例以及美国硅谷、新竹科学工业园、北京中关村、天津滨海新区的创新网络的演进路径的特点，对本文构建的产学研合作创新网络的理论模型进行了验证和说明。
Facing the furious global competition, no matter a country or a firm is in direneed of innovation to get competitive advantage and core competitive ability. With theadvantage of resource sharing and coordinated innovation, as a new and efficientorganization form of optimizing resources, the innovation networks sprouted anddeveloped in the world. Network based growth has been an important mode andmechanism of firm growth. Combining the theory of innovation network and firmgrowth, based on the cooperation of industry, university and research institute, thispaper investigates the building, governance, evolution and structural optimization ofthe innovation network in the cooperation of industry, university and research institutefrom a dynamic angle of firm growth. By qualitative and quantitative method, thisresearch involves the building of theoretical model, empirical analysis of cases andnumerical simulation.
Firstly, based on the related literatures, this paper integrates the theory of thecooperation of industry-university-research institute, innovation and networkorganization, and builds the “Hourglass model” to obtain the competitiveadvantage based on Industry-University-Research Institute strategic alliance. Then,on the basis of the hourglass model, this research introduces the firm growth into themodel, and builds the model of innovation network in the cooperation of industry,university and research institute. We point that in the different growth stages, the firmsneed to choose different combination of innovation networks according to the variousstrategic intent and resource requirement in different growth stages, and analyseespecially on the selection of innovation networks of small and medium state-ownedenterprises.
Then, this research studies the meaning of network governance and the fourdimensions’ characteristic of governance environment, and derives a governancemodel of innovation networks in the cooperation of industry-university-researchinstitute in environment, boundaries, operating mechanism, and objective. Throughanalysis the cooperative nature of industry-university-research institute and thecharacteristics of the innovation networks, we propose a model of evolution path ofthe innovation network in the cooperation of industry-university-research institute.
Further, combining the complex network theory and innovation network research, this paper simulates the characteristic statistic parameters of innovation network in thecooperation of industry-university-research institute based on matlab platform. Weanalyze the structure characteristics of innovation network by the theory ofsmall-world network, and is trying to interpret the systemic macroscopic behavior ofinnovation network through miro-mechanism of network nodes. With the theory ofgame and small-world network, this paper studies the knowledge sharing in thecooperation of industry-university-research institute. We constructe the simulationflows of the prisoner’s dilemma game and snowdrift game, and discuss the knowledgesharing and innovative output of this innovation networks. By the combining ofnetwork modeling and cooperative game, this research approach is likely applicable tomany problems in the economic management, and can provide some referentialexperience to matters of this kind.
Finally, this paper is mainly about empirical analysis on cases. By explaining thecase about the growth of ZTE Corporation and the different characteristics ofevolution path of Silicon Valley, Hsinchu Science Industry Park, Zhongguancun andTianjin Binhai New Area, we verify the theoretical model of innovation networks inthe cooperation of industry-university-research institute.
引文
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