复合混凝剂处理造纸工业废水的应用研究
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摘要
造纸工业在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也造成了严重的环境污染,其废水排放量大、成份复杂、有机物含量高,污水排放量为我国十大工业之首,化学耗氧量(COD)约占全国排放总量的40%-45%,居第一位。因此,造纸污染的治理格外重要。
混凝法是造纸工业废水处理的重要方法。实验中,对处理不同浓度的造纸废水的投加量进行了研究,以确定不同浓度时复配使用复合型聚铁FPAS和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的处理效果。结果表明：相同条件下,FPAS对COD去除率达80%,BOD、SS去除率达75%以上,达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准,而其处理成本为同类产品的70%左右。由此,研究了pH、投加顺序、分段投加、搅拌强度和时间等因素对FPAS处理造纸废水效果的影响。结果表明,pH、投加顺序、搅拌强度和时间是影响复合型聚铁混凝剂絮凝效果的重要因素。通过实验,发现FPAS的最佳pH适用范围在7-10,最佳搅拌方式是将搅拌分为两阶段进行,首先投加FPAS以150r/min的速度搅拌5分钟后,再投加PAM以100r/min的速度搅拌,随后静沉20min后,COD去除率为最佳,此条件下的COD和SS去除率分别达到85%和81%左右,出水可达《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准。实验结果证明复合型聚铁混凝剂FPAS是一种高效价廉的造纸废水处理剂。
同时,本文还对聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、复合型聚铁(FPAS)处理成本进行了比较,FPAS的吨水处理成本明显低于其它三种混凝剂,仅为同类产品70-80%左右。并且本文以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚丙酰胺、活性硅酸等助凝剂为研究对象,探讨了协同效应在水处理中的应用,结果显示聚丙烯酰胺与复合型聚铁协同使用效果最好,协同处理法比投加单一的水处理剂更有效更经济。
另外,针对混凝方法难以完全去除水溶性有机物,好氧生化方法难于降解木质素等局限性及造纸废水浓度高变化大的特点,综合国内外研究成果和经验,提出了混凝法与生化法联合处理的方案,并实地研究了其对实际造纸废水的处理效果。结果表明,复合聚铁混凝剂和活性污泥相结合对实际造纸废水具有很好的处理效果,完全可达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准,且大大节省混凝剂用量。实验中还对pH对于微生物生存条件的关系以及对废水处理效果影响进行了初步探讨。在pH稳定在7时,经过生化处理的出水COD、SS去除率分别达到96%和95%左右。同时,首次将FPAS的应用扩展到白炭黑废水和槟榔废水等其它工业废水,处理效果良好。研究中,首次对FPAS分段投加对COD去除效果的影响进行了探讨,分段投加理念为相关研究具有一定的参考价值。
综合研究表明,复合型聚铁混凝剂FPAS处理效果明显优于目前市面主流混凝剂,而且其与生化法联合应用可以有效提高处理效率,是一种新型高效、质优价廉的产品,具有较好的实际应用的价值。
Paper industry bring humen being huge benefit as well as serious environmental pollution,the high discharge load,content complex,high content of organic matter were the characteristics of the waste water that come from this industry.And the discharge load is the top 1 in the array of 10 biggest industry in our country,the COD accounted for about 40%-45% among the countrywide total discharge load,it's the highest.So,the treatment against the paper industry pollution was so important.
Coagulation process was a important method in the field of paper industry waste water treatment.In this research,the dosage of FPAS under different concentration of waste water was studied and the treatmental effect of composite-use of polymeric ferric FPAS and polyacrylamide PAM under different concentration was comfirmed.The result of research was shown:Under the same condition,the removal rate of FPAS on COD is 80%,and BOD,SS are over 75% respectively,it's meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water)) GB3544-2001,and its cost is just 70% compare with the akin product.So the effect of these factors (pH,additive sequence,segmental addition,stirring intensity and time) on treatmental effect of paper industry waste water by FPAS.The results show that the pH, additive sequence, stirring intensity and time are the most influential factors in effects of flocculent result of polymeric ferric flocculant.By experiment,the best pH for FPAS is 7-10, the best way for stirring is two-segments-stirring,keeping the rev at 150 r/min for 5 minutes after FPAS being added and standing for 20 minutes,the removal rate of COD reach the peak point.The removal rate of COD and SS are 85% and 81% respectively,and absolutely meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water》GB3544-2001.The experimental result proved that the FPAS is a efficient and cost-efficient treatment agent for paper industry waste water.
Meanwhile, a comparison was made between the cost of PAC,PAFC,PFS and FPAS,the treatmental cost of FPAS for every ton of waste water is conspicuous lower than other three kind of flocculant and it's only 70～80% in comparison with akin product.Besides that,the synergy of PAM,SDS- and activated silicic acid in water treatment was studied too,and the result says the combination of PAM and FPAS can make the greatest treatmental effect,synergy treatment is better than haploid treatment in efficienct field and economical field.
Moreover,against the characteristics of flocculent method for removing of water-soluble organic matter,aerobic biochemical method for lignin decomposing and the unstability of waste water content,the method of biochemical-flocculent project was proposed by summarizing the result and experience of civil and domestic research,and the treatmental effect of this method was studied by practice.It's meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water》GB3544-2001,the effect of pH on bacteriors-living condition was also studied.When the pH is stay in 7,the removal rate of COD and SS can be 96% and 95%,repectively.
Comprehensive research are shown:The treatmental effect of FPAS is conspicuous better than current main coagulant in the market,and use it with biochemical method can create higher effect of treatment,it is a kind of new,efficient, high quality and cost-efficient product,the applied value is excellent.
混凝法是造纸工业废水处理的重要方法。实验中,对处理不同浓度的造纸废水的投加量进行了研究,以确定不同浓度时复配使用复合型聚铁FPAS和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的处理效果。结果表明：相同条件下,FPAS对COD去除率达80%,BOD、SS去除率达75%以上,达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准,而其处理成本为同类产品的70%左右。由此,研究了pH、投加顺序、分段投加、搅拌强度和时间等因素对FPAS处理造纸废水效果的影响。结果表明,pH、投加顺序、搅拌强度和时间是影响复合型聚铁混凝剂絮凝效果的重要因素。通过实验,发现FPAS的最佳pH适用范围在7-10,最佳搅拌方式是将搅拌分为两阶段进行,首先投加FPAS以150r/min的速度搅拌5分钟后,再投加PAM以100r/min的速度搅拌,随后静沉20min后,COD去除率为最佳,此条件下的COD和SS去除率分别达到85%和81%左右,出水可达《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准。实验结果证明复合型聚铁混凝剂FPAS是一种高效价廉的造纸废水处理剂。
同时,本文还对聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、复合型聚铁(FPAS)处理成本进行了比较,FPAS的吨水处理成本明显低于其它三种混凝剂,仅为同类产品70-80%左右。并且本文以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚丙酰胺、活性硅酸等助凝剂为研究对象,探讨了协同效应在水处理中的应用,结果显示聚丙烯酰胺与复合型聚铁协同使用效果最好,协同处理法比投加单一的水处理剂更有效更经济。
另外,针对混凝方法难以完全去除水溶性有机物,好氧生化方法难于降解木质素等局限性及造纸废水浓度高变化大的特点,综合国内外研究成果和经验,提出了混凝法与生化法联合处理的方案,并实地研究了其对实际造纸废水的处理效果。结果表明,复合聚铁混凝剂和活性污泥相结合对实际造纸废水具有很好的处理效果,完全可达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB3544-2001中二级排放标准,且大大节省混凝剂用量。实验中还对pH对于微生物生存条件的关系以及对废水处理效果影响进行了初步探讨。在pH稳定在7时,经过生化处理的出水COD、SS去除率分别达到96%和95%左右。同时,首次将FPAS的应用扩展到白炭黑废水和槟榔废水等其它工业废水,处理效果良好。研究中,首次对FPAS分段投加对COD去除效果的影响进行了探讨,分段投加理念为相关研究具有一定的参考价值。
综合研究表明,复合型聚铁混凝剂FPAS处理效果明显优于目前市面主流混凝剂,而且其与生化法联合应用可以有效提高处理效率,是一种新型高效、质优价廉的产品,具有较好的实际应用的价值。
Paper industry bring humen being huge benefit as well as serious environmental pollution,the high discharge load,content complex,high content of organic matter were the characteristics of the waste water that come from this industry.And the discharge load is the top 1 in the array of 10 biggest industry in our country,the COD accounted for about 40%-45% among the countrywide total discharge load,it's the highest.So,the treatment against the paper industry pollution was so important.
Coagulation process was a important method in the field of paper industry waste water treatment.In this research,the dosage of FPAS under different concentration of waste water was studied and the treatmental effect of composite-use of polymeric ferric FPAS and polyacrylamide PAM under different concentration was comfirmed.The result of research was shown:Under the same condition,the removal rate of FPAS on COD is 80%,and BOD,SS are over 75% respectively,it's meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water)) GB3544-2001,and its cost is just 70% compare with the akin product.So the effect of these factors (pH,additive sequence,segmental addition,stirring intensity and time) on treatmental effect of paper industry waste water by FPAS.The results show that the pH, additive sequence, stirring intensity and time are the most influential factors in effects of flocculent result of polymeric ferric flocculant.By experiment,the best pH for FPAS is 7-10, the best way for stirring is two-segments-stirring,keeping the rev at 150 r/min for 5 minutes after FPAS being added and standing for 20 minutes,the removal rate of COD reach the peak point.The removal rate of COD and SS are 85% and 81% respectively,and absolutely meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water》GB3544-2001.The experimental result proved that the FPAS is a efficient and cost-efficient treatment agent for paper industry waste water.
Meanwhile, a comparison was made between the cost of PAC,PAFC,PFS and FPAS,the treatmental cost of FPAS for every ton of waste water is conspicuous lower than other three kind of flocculant and it's only 70～80% in comparison with akin product.Besides that,the synergy of PAM,SDS- and activated silicic acid in water treatment was studied too,and the result says the combination of PAM and FPAS can make the greatest treatmental effect,synergy treatment is better than haploid treatment in efficienct field and economical field.
Moreover,against the characteristics of flocculent method for removing of water-soluble organic matter,aerobic biochemical method for lignin decomposing and the unstability of waste water content,the method of biochemical-flocculent project was proposed by summarizing the result and experience of civil and domestic research,and the treatmental effect of this method was studied by practice.It's meet the requirement ofⅡemission standard in《Emission standard of Paper industry Pollutant in Waste Water》GB3544-2001,the effect of pH on bacteriors-living condition was also studied.When the pH is stay in 7,the removal rate of COD and SS can be 96% and 95%,repectively.
Comprehensive research are shown:The treatmental effect of FPAS is conspicuous better than current main coagulant in the market,and use it with biochemical method can create higher effect of treatment,it is a kind of new,efficient, high quality and cost-efficient product,the applied value is excellent.
引文
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