隐喻意识的提高在专业阅读中的作用
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摘要
隐喻是人类认知世界的一种重要方式和手段，它存在于我们的日常生活及学习中，是一种重要的语言现象。对于隐喻的研究也是学习一门语言过程中十分必要的环节，它可以帮助我们更好地理解抽象，晦涩的概念。
本文将着重研究隐喻意识的提高能否帮助英语学习者更好地理解特定领域的英语阅读文章。首先，本文将从《经济学人》杂志中选取一定文本进行分析。文本中出现频率较高的隐喻主题将被归纳分类。而后，本文将就隐喻中所隐含的作者意图、潜在含义对这些文本进行细致的分析，从而得出隐喻意识提高的必要。
不仅如此，本文还将通过一项实验来进一步验证提高隐喻意识的重要性。实验结果表明，通过提高隐喻意识，英语学习者可以更好地了解作者所要表达的意图以及文中所隐含的意思，从而更透彻地理解全文。
Metaphor has played a fundamental role in daily thought and language, and can reflect shared cultural values and beliefs. Besides, metaphor enables us to recognize and comprehend the relatively abstract and disorganized concepts through relatively concrete and clear-cut concepts. It has also been an important language phenomenon that could not be overlooked in language learning.
This thesis attempts to investigate whether better metaphoric awareness could help EFL students perform better in specialized reading, especially in-depth reading. Economic texts in The Economist were chosen as data for analysis. Major metaphoric themes used in these economic texts in this study were collected and categorized, and an original analysis was carried out to present authors' positions and other implied meanings as reflected from those commonly encountered metaphors. Despite that, a study was made to better prove the importance of enhanced metaphoric awareness. The results indicated that enhanced metaphoric awareness can help EFL learners have a better recognition of authors' opinions as well as some implied meanings, which could definitely help EFL students better understand certain concepts and expressions in the text, hence the whole article.
本文将着重研究隐喻意识的提高能否帮助英语学习者更好地理解特定领域的英语阅读文章。首先，本文将从《经济学人》杂志中选取一定文本进行分析。文本中出现频率较高的隐喻主题将被归纳分类。而后，本文将就隐喻中所隐含的作者意图、潜在含义对这些文本进行细致的分析，从而得出隐喻意识提高的必要。
不仅如此，本文还将通过一项实验来进一步验证提高隐喻意识的重要性。实验结果表明，通过提高隐喻意识，英语学习者可以更好地了解作者所要表达的意图以及文中所隐含的意思，从而更透彻地理解全文。
Metaphor has played a fundamental role in daily thought and language, and can reflect shared cultural values and beliefs. Besides, metaphor enables us to recognize and comprehend the relatively abstract and disorganized concepts through relatively concrete and clear-cut concepts. It has also been an important language phenomenon that could not be overlooked in language learning.
This thesis attempts to investigate whether better metaphoric awareness could help EFL students perform better in specialized reading, especially in-depth reading. Economic texts in The Economist were chosen as data for analysis. Major metaphoric themes used in these economic texts in this study were collected and categorized, and an original analysis was carried out to present authors' positions and other implied meanings as reflected from those commonly encountered metaphors. Despite that, a study was made to better prove the importance of enhanced metaphoric awareness. The results indicated that enhanced metaphoric awareness can help EFL learners have a better recognition of authors' opinions as well as some implied meanings, which could definitely help EFL students better understand certain concepts and expressions in the text, hence the whole article.
引文
Boers, F. (2000a). Enhancing metaphoric awareness in specialized reading. English For Specific Purposes, 19/2: 137-47.
Boers, F. (2000b). Metaphor awareness and vocabulary retention. Applied Linguistics, 21/4: 553-571.
Boers, F. (1997). No pain, no gain: A test for cognitive semantics? Metaphor & Symbol, 12/4: 231-241
Boers, F. & Demecheleer, M. (1998). A cognitive semantic approach to teaching prepositions. ELT Journal, 52/3: 197-203.
Charteris-Black, J. (2000). Metaphor and vocabulary teaching in ESP economics. English for Specific Purposes, 19/2: 149-165.
Charteris-Black, J. & Musolff, A. (2003). "Battered hero" or "innocent victim"? A comparative study of metaphors for euro trading in British and German financial reporting. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 153-176.
Cameron, L. & Low, G. (1999). Metaphor. Language Teaching, 32, 77-96.
Coulson, S. & Oakley, T. (2005). Blending and coded meaning: Literal and figurative meaning in cognitive semantics. Journal of Pragmatics, 37: 1510-1536.
Dreyer, C. & Nel, C. (2003). Teaching reading strategies and reading comprehension within a technology-enhanced learning environment. System, 31: 349-365.
Forceville, C. (2002). The identification of target and source in pictorial metaphors. Journal of Pragmatics, 34: 1-14.
Henderson, W. (2000). Metaphor, Economics and ESP: some comments. English for Specific Purposes, 19: 167-173.
Henderson, W. (1994). New directions in economic methodology. London and New York: Routledge.
Knudsen, S. (2003). Scientific metaphors going public. Journal of Pragmatics, 35: 1247-1263.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony(Ed.), Metaphor and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(2004). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Oded, B. & Walters, J. (2001). Deeper processing for better EFL reading comprehension. System 29: 357-370.
Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rodriguez, C. (2003). How to talk shop through metaphor: bringing metaphor research to the ESP classroom. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 177-194.
Steen, G. (1994). Understanding metaphor in literature. London: Longman.
Steen, G. (2004). Can discourse properties of metaphor affect metaphor recognition? Journal of Pragmatics, 36: 1295-1313.
White, M. (2003). Metaphor and economics: the case of growth. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 131-15-1.
胡壮麟 2004．认知隐喻学．北京：北京大学出版社
孔德明 2002(2)．从认知看经济语篇中的隐喻概．外语与外语教学
柳玉刚 2003(9)．隐喻在法语科普语言中的认知与互动作用．外语与外语教学
庞继贤，丁展平 2002(6)．隐喻的应用语言学研究．外语与外语教学
束定芳 2001(2)．论隐喻的认知功能．外语研究
束定芳 2000．隐喻学研究．上海：上海外语教育出版社
汪少华 2005(2)．话语中的隐喻认知过程与阅读教学．外语教学
Boers, F. (2000b). Metaphor awareness and vocabulary retention. Applied Linguistics, 21/4: 553-571.
Boers, F. (1997). No pain, no gain: A test for cognitive semantics? Metaphor & Symbol, 12/4: 231-241
Boers, F. & Demecheleer, M. (1998). A cognitive semantic approach to teaching prepositions. ELT Journal, 52/3: 197-203.
Charteris-Black, J. (2000). Metaphor and vocabulary teaching in ESP economics. English for Specific Purposes, 19/2: 149-165.
Charteris-Black, J. & Musolff, A. (2003). "Battered hero" or "innocent victim"? A comparative study of metaphors for euro trading in British and German financial reporting. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 153-176.
Cameron, L. & Low, G. (1999). Metaphor. Language Teaching, 32, 77-96.
Coulson, S. & Oakley, T. (2005). Blending and coded meaning: Literal and figurative meaning in cognitive semantics. Journal of Pragmatics, 37: 1510-1536.
Dreyer, C. & Nel, C. (2003). Teaching reading strategies and reading comprehension within a technology-enhanced learning environment. System, 31: 349-365.
Forceville, C. (2002). The identification of target and source in pictorial metaphors. Journal of Pragmatics, 34: 1-14.
Henderson, W. (2000). Metaphor, Economics and ESP: some comments. English for Specific Purposes, 19: 167-173.
Henderson, W. (1994). New directions in economic methodology. London and New York: Routledge.
Knudsen, S. (2003). Scientific metaphors going public. Journal of Pragmatics, 35: 1247-1263.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony(Ed.), Metaphor and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(2004). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Oded, B. & Walters, J. (2001). Deeper processing for better EFL reading comprehension. System 29: 357-370.
Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rodriguez, C. (2003). How to talk shop through metaphor: bringing metaphor research to the ESP classroom. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 177-194.
Steen, G. (1994). Understanding metaphor in literature. London: Longman.
Steen, G. (2004). Can discourse properties of metaphor affect metaphor recognition? Journal of Pragmatics, 36: 1295-1313.
White, M. (2003). Metaphor and economics: the case of growth. English for Specific Purposes, 22: 131-15-1.
胡壮麟 2004．认知隐喻学．北京：北京大学出版社
孔德明 2002(2)．从认知看经济语篇中的隐喻概．外语与外语教学
柳玉刚 2003(9)．隐喻在法语科普语言中的认知与互动作用．外语与外语教学
庞继贤，丁展平 2002(6)．隐喻的应用语言学研究．外语与外语教学
束定芳 2001(2)．论隐喻的认知功能．外语研究
束定芳 2000．隐喻学研究．上海：上海外语教育出版社
汪少华 2005(2)．话语中的隐喻认知过程与阅读教学．外语教学