纳米镍、纳米金刚石/镍复合物的制备和性质研究
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摘要
本文采用液相还原法，以乙二醇为溶剂，用水合肼分别还原氯化镍溶液以及掺有1％(质量分数)纳米金刚石的氯化镍溶液制备纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物。考察氯化镍浓度、反应温度、分散剂用量对于纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物粒径和形貌的影响。使用XRD、TEM、FT-IR等检测手段对于纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明，制得的纳米镍，纳米金刚石／镍复合物大多数为类球形，且纳米金刚石／镍复合物具有核壳结构。
运用DTA方法研究纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物以及纳米镍与纳米金刚石混合物对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。考察纳米镍粉、纳米金刚石／镍复合物的粒径和添加量对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果的影响。结果表明，纳米金刚石／镍复合物对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果优于纳米镍、纳米镍与纳米金刚石混合物。
采用MM-200型环—块摩擦磨损试验机研究纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物作为基础油液体石蜡的添加剂的摩擦性能。探讨添加剂的含量以及不同的载荷对于摩擦性能的影响。结果表明，添加剂的含量为0．05％时，低载荷的情况下，纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物作为基础油的添加剂表现出较好的减摩抗磨作用。
Nano-nickel and ND (nano-diamond)/Ni composites were separately prepared by reduction of NiCl_2·6H_2O glycol solution and that of doped with 1% (weight percent) of nano-diamond. The effect of NiCl_2·6H_2O concentration, reaction temperature, dispersant dosage on the particle size and shape of nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were discussed. The prepared nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed the prepared nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were almost spherical-like, and the structure of ND/Ni composites was core-shell.
The catalysis performance of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by addition of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites, mixture of nano-nickel and nano-diamond were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of the particle size and content of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites on the thermal decomposition of AP were dissussed. It was found that the catalysis performance of the thermal decomposition of AP by addition of ND/Ni composites was superior to nano-nickel, mixture of nano-nickel and nano-diamond.
The friction behaviors of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites as additive in liquid paraffin were evaluated on MM-200 Ring-Lump Friction and Wear Tester. The effects of the content of different additives and different load on the friction performance were discussed. It was found that when the additive mass percent was 0.5% and the load was lower, nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites showed preferable friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.
运用DTA方法研究纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物以及纳米镍与纳米金刚石混合物对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。考察纳米镍粉、纳米金刚石／镍复合物的粒径和添加量对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果的影响。结果表明，纳米金刚石／镍复合物对于高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果优于纳米镍、纳米镍与纳米金刚石混合物。
采用MM-200型环—块摩擦磨损试验机研究纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物作为基础油液体石蜡的添加剂的摩擦性能。探讨添加剂的含量以及不同的载荷对于摩擦性能的影响。结果表明，添加剂的含量为0．05％时，低载荷的情况下，纳米镍、纳米金刚石／镍复合物作为基础油的添加剂表现出较好的减摩抗磨作用。
Nano-nickel and ND (nano-diamond)/Ni composites were separately prepared by reduction of NiCl_2·6H_2O glycol solution and that of doped with 1% (weight percent) of nano-diamond. The effect of NiCl_2·6H_2O concentration, reaction temperature, dispersant dosage on the particle size and shape of nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were discussed. The prepared nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed the prepared nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites were almost spherical-like, and the structure of ND/Ni composites was core-shell.
The catalysis performance of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by addition of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites, mixture of nano-nickel and nano-diamond were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of the particle size and content of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites on the thermal decomposition of AP were dissussed. It was found that the catalysis performance of the thermal decomposition of AP by addition of ND/Ni composites was superior to nano-nickel, mixture of nano-nickel and nano-diamond.
The friction behaviors of nano-nickel, ND/Ni composites as additive in liquid paraffin were evaluated on MM-200 Ring-Lump Friction and Wear Tester. The effects of the content of different additives and different load on the friction performance were discussed. It was found that when the additive mass percent was 0.5% and the load was lower, nano-nickel and ND/Ni composites showed preferable friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.
引文
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6 王光祖，胡建根．纳米级金刚石的结构，性能与应用[J]．金刚石与磨料磨具工程，2000，119(5)：9-12
7 邹芹，王明智，王艳辉．纳米金刚石的性能与应用前景[J]．金刚石与磨料磨具工程，2003，(2)：54-58
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